Determination of Salt Forms of New Psychoactive Substances by Ion Chromatography / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish an ion chromatography method for the salt form determination of new psychoactive substances （NPS）. Methods The method of conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of six types of organic acid ions （acetate ion, tartrate ion, maleate ion, oxalate ion, fumarate ion, citrate ion） and five types of inorganic anions （fluoride ion, chloride ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion） in NPS sample by ion chromatography was developed. The salt forms of 222 seized NPS samples （103 samples with synthetic cannabinoids, 81 samples with cathinones, 44 samples with phenylethylamines, 12 samples with tryptamines, 7 samples with phencyclidines, 6 samples with piperazines, 2 samples with aminoindenes, 26 samples with fentanyls and 43 samples with other types of NPS） were analyzed by this method. Results Each anion had good linearity in the corresponding linear range, the correlation coefficients （r） were greater than 0.999, the limits of detection were 0.01-0.05 mg/L, and the limits of quantitative were 0.1-0.5 mg/L. Except that 5F-BEPIRAPIM was hydrochloride, the salt forms of the other 102 synthetic cannabinoids were all base. The salt form of 81 cathinone samples, 44 phenylethylamine samples, 7 phencyclidine samples and 2 aminoindene samples were all hydrochloride. The salt forms of tryptamine samples included base, hydrochloride, fumarate and oxalate. The salt forms of piperazine samples included base and hydrochloride. The salt forms of fentanyl samples and samples of other types included base, hydrochloride and citrate. Conclusion Ion chromatography is a simple, accurate and efficient method for determining the salt form of NPS samples, which makes the qualitative and quantitative conclusions of NPS more scientific and rigorous.

Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Dibutylone / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a method to identify unknown samples based on combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （NMR） technique. Methods The unknown samples were dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and detected by GC-MS and HRMS. The mixed samples were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and then dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H NMR）. Results The characteristic fragment ions （m/z） were 86.1 （base peak）, 71.2, 121.1, and 149.0, and the accurate mass number of molecular ion peak was measured by HRMS to be 236.128 89. By combined use of data analysis and database comparison, a new psychoactive substance of the cathinone class, Dibutylone, was detected in the sample, and the sample also contained a small amount of caffeine. The sample was purified, then identified using 1H NMR, and was further confirmed to be Dibutylone. In addition, the GC-MS retention time and characteristic fragment ions of the main components of the sample were consistent with those of Dibutylone reference material. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for the identification of Dibutylone in mixed samples.

Estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º a 10º / Parents styles and consumption of psychoactive substances students in 8th to 10th / Estilos parentais e consumo de sustâncias psicoativas nos estudantes de 8° até 10°

Esta investigación buscó establecer la relación entre los estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en 13029 estudiantes de 8º a 10º de Manizales. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, que utilizó como instrumentos la escala de estilos de socialización parental de adolescentes (Espa29) y un instrumento basado en el del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Los resultados evidenciaron según los valores p del estadístico X2, que existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa p<0,05 entre las variables estudiadas. Los estilos autoritario y negligente indicaron en general ser un factor de riesgo y el indulgente y autorizativo un factor protector. Poseer padres con estilo negligente, eleva el riesgo en un 34% de consumir cocaína, 31% marihuana, 23% cigarrillo, 39% pegantes y 26% dick

The research was made in Manizales 13029 students from eighth and tenth grade participated. The research sought to establish the relation between parent’s styles and consumption of psychoactive substances. This is a descriptive and transversal studio which has used two kinds of tools. The first one is the scale of parental socialization styles and teenagers (Espa 29) and the second one was based on uniform data system on consumption of the Organization of American States. The results showed according to p valves of stadistic X2 there is a significant association p<0,05 between studied variables. The authoritarian and negligent styles indicated be a risk factor; the indulgent and authoritarian styles indicated a protect factor. The research found to be neglecful parents can raise up the risk of psychoactive substances consumption 34% cocaine, 31% marihuana, 23% smoking cigarette, 39% rubber solution and 26% dick.

Esta pesquisa procurou estabelecer a relação que há entre os estilos parentais e o consumo de sustâncias psicoativas em 13029 estudantes de 8° a 10° de Manizales-Colômbia. É um estudo descritivo, transversal, que utilizou como ferramentas a escala de estilos de socialização parental dos adolescentes (Espa29) e uma ferramenta com base no Sistema Interamericano de Dados Uniformes sobre o consumo da organização dos Estados Americanos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram segundo os valores p do estadístico X2, que há uma associação estatisticamente significativa p<0,05 entre as variáveis analisadas no estudo. Os estilos autoritários e negligentes indicaram em geral ser um fator de risco e o indulgente e autorizativo um fator de proteção. O ter pais com estilo negligente, aumentam o risco num 34% de consumir cocaína, 31% maconha, 23% cigarro, 39% cola y 26% dick (cloreto de metileno).