Caracterização do comprometimento pulmonar associado à COVID-19 em pacientes com necessidade de ventilação mecânica / Characterization of pulmonary impairment associated with COVID-19 in patients requiring mechanical ventilation

RESUMO Objetivo: Detectar precocemente a instabilidade respiratória e hemodinâmica para caracterizar o comprometimento pulmonar em pacientes com COVID-19 grave. Métodos: Analisamos retrospectivamente os dados colhidos de pacientes com COVID-19 que apresentaram insuficiência respiratória aguda com necessidade de intubação e ventilação mecânica. Utilizamos a avaliação da termodiluição transpulmonar por meio do dispositivo PiCCO™. Foram coletados os dados demográficos, respiratórios, hemodinâmicos e ecocardiográficos dentro das primeiras 48 horas após a admissão. Para resumir os dados, utilizamos estatística descritiva. Resultados: Entre 22 de março e 7 de abril de 2020, foram admitidos 23 pacientes com COVID-19 grave. Foram monitorados com o dispositivo PiCCO™ 12 (22,6%) deles. Quando da admissão, o volume diastólico final global indexado era normal (média de 738,8mL ± 209,2) e, na hora 48, encontrava-se moderadamente aumentado (879mL ± 179), enquanto o índice cardíaco se achava abaixo do normal (2,84 ± 0,65). Todos os pacientes revelaram a presença de água extravascular pulmonar acima de 8mL/kg na admissão (17,9 ± 8,9). Não identificamos qualquer evidência de origem cardiogênica. Conclusão: No caso de pneumonia grave por COVID-19, o quadro hemodinâmico e respiratório é compatível com edema pulmonar sem evidência de origem cardiogênica, o que favorece o diagnóstico de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To detect early respiratory and hemodynamic instability to characterize pulmonary impairment in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data collected from COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. We used transpulmonary thermodilution assessment with a PiCCO™ device. We collected demographic, respiratory, hemodynamic and echocardiographic data within the first 48 hours after admission. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: Fifty-three patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted between March 22nd and April 7th. Twelve of them (22.6%) were monitored with a PiCCO™ device. Upon admission, the global-end diastolic volume indexed was normal (mean 738.8mL ± 209.2) and moderately increased at H48 (879mL ± 179), and the cardiac index was subnormal (2.84 ± 0.65). All patients showed extravascular lung water over 8mL/kg on admission (17.9 ± 8.9). We did not identify any argument for cardiogenic failure. Conclusion: In the case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, hemodynamic and respiratory presentation is consistent with pulmonary edema without evidence of cardiogenic origin, favoring the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Tiger stripes sign in acute coronary syndrome / Signo manchas de tigre en síndrome coronario agudo

Abstract The incidence of mitral regurgitation in acute myocardial syndromes is variable. Echocardiographic evaluation is fundamental in making a proper diagnosis of mechanical complications and to offer timely treatment. We present a case of a 64-year-old male who was admitted to the ER in acute pulmonary edema. The electrocardiogram showed negative ST-segment deviation from V4-V6, positive ST-segment deviation in aVR. Multivessel disease with severe mitral regurgitation was seen in catheterization. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed important mitral regurgitation showing the "tiger stripes" sign, seen in the presence of intracardial oscillating structures, in this case, suspected papillary muscle rupture. Echocardiographic evaluation is necessary in every case of myocardial infarction who present with new-onset mitral regurgitation. Treatment is complex and must be determined with an interdisciplinary group.

Takayasu arteritis: differential diagnosis in a teenager with severe acute kidney injury - a case report / Arterite de Takayasu: diagnóstico diferencial em adolescente com lesão renal aguda grave - relato de caso

ABSTRACT Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of unknown cause that involves large vessels - particularly the aorta and its branches - such as the carotid, coronary, pulmonary, and renal arteries. The left subclavian artery is the most frequently involved vessel. Stenosis of the renal artery has been reported in 23-31% of the cases and may result in malignant hypertension, ischemic renal disease, decompensated heart failure, and premature death. Involvement of both renal arteries is uncommon. Early onset anuria and acute kidney injury are rare and have been reported only in a few cases in the literature. This report describes the case of a 15-year-old female with constitutional symptoms evolving for a year, combined with headache, nausea, and vomiting, in addition to frequent visits to emergency services and insufficient clinical examination. The patient worsened significantly six months after the onset of symptoms and developed acute pulmonary edema, oliguria, acute kidney injury, and difficult-to-control hypertension, at which point she was admitted for intensive care and hemodialysis. Initial ultrasound examination showed she had normal kidneys and stenosis-free renal arteries. The patient was still anuric after 30 days of hospitalization. A biopsy was performed and revealed her kidneys were normal. Computed tomography angiography scans of the abdominal aorta presented evidence of occlusion of both renal arteries. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for Takayasu arteritis and had a severe complication rarely described in the literature: stenosis of the two renal arteries during the acute stage of ischemic renal disease.

RESUMO A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, granulomatosa, de causa desconhecida, que afeta grandes vasos, principalmente a aorta e seus ramos, incluindo artérias carótidas, coronárias, pulmonares e renais, sendo a artéria subclávia esquerda o vaso mais acometido. A estenose da artéria renal é relatada em 23-31% dos casos e pode resultar em hipertensão maligna, insuficiência renal por isquemia, descompensação cardíaca e morte prematura. O acometimento bilateral de artérias renais é incomum, sendo rara a presença de anúria súbita e lesão renal aguda como sintoma inicial da doença, com poucos relatos na literatura. O caso reporta uma adolescente de 15 anos com sintomas constitucionais durante um ano de evolução, associados a problemas como cefaleia, náuseas e vômitos, com idas frequentes a serviços de emergência, sem adequada investigação clínica. Após 6 meses do início dos sintomas, a paciente evoluiu de forma grave, com quadro de edema agudo de pulmão, oligúria, lesão renal aguda e hipertensão arterial de difícil controle, sendo necessário suporte em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e hemodiálise. A ultrassonografia inicial mostrava rins normais e artérias renais sem sinais de estenose. Após 30 dias de internamento, paciente permanecia anúrica, sendo realizada biópsia renal que se mostrou dentro dos padrões da normalidade. Angiotomografia de aorta abdominal evidenciou oclusão bilateral de artérias renais. A paciente descrita fechou critérios diagnósticos para arterite de Takayasu e manifestou uma complicação grave pouco descrita na literatura: estenose bilateral de artérias renais, ainda na fase aguda da nefropatia isquêmica.

Carbohydrate antigen 125 predicts pulmonary congestion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has long been used as an ovarian cancer biomarker. However, because it is not specific for ovarian cells, CA125 could also be used to monitor congestion and inflammation in heart disease. Acute heart failure (HF) is used to identify patients with a worse prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to determine the association of CA125 with acute HF in STEMI and to compare CA125 with N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with a cross-sectional study. At admission, patients were examined to define Killip class and then underwent coronary angioplasty. Blood samples, preferably taken in the hemodynamic ward, were centrifuged (1500 g for 15 min at ambient temperature) and stored at −80°C until biomarker assays were performed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of congestion. Patients in Killip class ≥II were in the congestion group and those with Killip <II in the absence of congestion group. We evaluated 231 patients. The mean age was 63.3 years. HF at admission was identified in 17.7% of patients. CA125 and NTproBNP levels were higher in patients with Killip class ≥II than those with Killip class <II (8.03 vs 9.17, P=0.016 and 772.45 vs 1925, P=0.007, respectively). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.60 (95%CI 0.53−0.66, P=0.024) for CA125 and 0.63 (95%CI 0.56−0.69, P=0.001) for NTproBNP. There was no statistical difference between the curves (P=0.69). CA125 has similar use to NTproBNP in identifying acute HF in patients presenting with STEMI.

Edema pulmonar por presión negativa con máscara laríngea clásica. Presentación de un caso pediátrico / Pulmonary edema due to negative pressure with classical laryngeal mask. Presentation of a pediatric case

RESUMEN El edema pulmonar por presión negativa es una complicación rara y dramática en la anestesia general. Habitualmente ocurre como consecuencia de un laringoespasmo u otra causa de obstrucción de la vía aérea. Se presentó un caso con el objetivo de mostrar los elementos usados para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del edema pulmonar por presión negativa. Paciente de 7 años de edad, femenina, ASA I, operada de metatarso varo funcional con anestesia general balanceada y máscara laríngea clásica # 3. Desarrolló dicho evento adverso durante la recuperación anestésica. El diagnóstico se basó en la disociación toraco abdominal al restablecer la ventilación espontanea, crepitantes en ambos hemitórax, cianosis central, hipoxemia y la presencia de infiltrado difuso bilateral alveolar. Se intubó la tráquea, se controló la ventilación con presión positiva al final de la espiración y se administró furosemida. La paciente fue trasladada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos donde evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Este es un síndrome cuya verdadera incidencia se desconoce debido a la escasa familiarización con el mismo. La evolución de los pacientes es favorable siempre que se establezca el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno (AU).

ABSTRACT Pulmonary edema due to negative pressure is a rare and dramatic complication in general anesthetic. It usually occurs as a consequence of a laryngeal spasm or another cause of respiratory tract obstruction.A case was presented with the aim of showing the elements used for the diagnosis and treatment of the pulmonary edema due to negative pressure. An ASA I, 7-year-old female patient, was operated on a functional metatarsus varus with balanced general anesthetic and classical laryngeal mask number 3. She developed this adverse event during the anesthetic recovery. The diagnosis was based on the thoracoabdominal dissociation when recovering spontaneous ventilation, crepitation in hemithoraxes, central cyanosis, hypoxemia, and alveolar bilateral diffused infiltrate. The trachea was intubated, ventilation was controlled with positive pressure at the end of the expiration and furosemide was administered. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit where she evolved satisfactorily. This is a syndrome whose true incidence is unknown as a result of the lack of familiarization with it. Patients' evolution is favorable whenever the right diagnosis and treatment are timely established (AU).

Edema agudo del pulmón por presión Negativa en el post-operatorio inmediato / Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema: Case Report

Paciente masculino de 23 años que presenta edema agudo del pulmón, no cardiogénico secundario a presión negativa, en el postoperatorio inmediato

This case is about a male patent, 23 years old, who presented negative pressure pulmonary edema during immediate post-operatve period.

Edema pulmonar de reexpansão na doença pleural / Re-expansion pulmonary edema in pleural disease

O edema pulmonar de reexpansão é uma condição clínica rara, porém frequentemente letal. É uma complicação secundária à rápida reexpansão do pulmão colapsado em consequência a um pneumotórax ou derrame pleural de grande volume. São de fundamental importância para sua prevenção, o conhecimento da etiopatogenia e a execução de técnica adequada na drenagem pleural tubular e na toracocentese. A sua patogênese é multifatorial. O esvaziamento lento da cavidade pleural, a monitorização da oximetria e administração de oxigênio são necessários para prevenção e tratamento. AU

The reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare clinical condition, but often lethal. It is a secondary complication to the rapid re-expansion of the lung collapsed as a result of a pneumothorax or pleural effusion of large volume. The fundamental importance for prevention are knowledge of the pathogenesis and executing proper technique on pleural drainage and thoracentesis. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Its prevention is still based on slow pleuralemptying procedures, without standards to avoid RPEevolution. The oximetry monitoring and administration of oxygen are needed for treatment. AU

Edema agudo de pulmão / Acute lung edema

Edema agudo pulmonar (EAP) é uma causa prevalente de dispneia na emergência. O diagnóstico diferencial da etiologia do edema e a instituição de terapêutica adequada devem ser rapidamente efetuados. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem para os pacientes com esta condição.

Acute pulmonary edema is a prevalent cause of dyspnea in emergency units. Differential diagnosis of origin of edema and institution of suitable therapy must be promptly carried out. This article suggests an approach to patients with this condition.

Edema pulmonar de altura / High pulmonary altitude edema

El edema pulmonar de altura (EPA) es una forma de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico en individuos que ascienden a la altura 0 descienden de ella. Para su diagnóstico se utilizan los criterios de Louise y algunos estudios adicionales como la tomografía pulmonar, excluyéndose otras causas. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente extranjera que presento EPA al viajar a Cusco y se revisa la literatura...

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HA PE) is a form of non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema in individuals who ascend to or descend from high-altitudes. For its diagnosis, Louise criteria are used and some auxiliary tests like pulmonary CT, excluding other causes. We present the case of a foreign teenager who presented HAPE travelling to Cusco and make a review of the literature...

Edema pulmonar por presión negativa / Negative pressure pulmonary edema

El edema pulmonar por presión negativa representa el 0.1% de las complicaciones pulmonares de los pacientes post ­ quirúrgicos, y la condicionante del incremento de dicha incidencia es la existencia de algún tipo de obstrucción de la vía aérea llegando hasta un 11% de casos. Su incidencia y prevalencia no son claras ya que es una entidad con infradiagnóstico. En los reportes de casos se coincide que la mayoría de pacientes son jóvenes con evaluaciones de riesgo quirúrgico bajos previamente sanos y que desarrollan en forma súbita un cuadro de edema agudo de pulmón, casi siempre posterior a la anesthesia, encontrándose ya no orointubados...(AU)

Edema pulmonar por presión negativa. Reporte de caso / Pulmonary edema by negative pressure. Case report

El edema pulmonar por presión negativa representa el 0.1% de las complicaciones pulmonares de los pacientes post ­ quirúrgicos, y la condicionante del incremento de dicha incidencia es la existencia de algún tipo de obstrucción de la vía aérea llegando hasta un 11% de casos. Su incidencia y prevalencia no son claras ya que es una entidad con infradiagnóstico. En los reportes de casos se coincide que la mayoría de pacientes son jóvenes con evaluaciones de riesgo quirúrgico bajos previamente sanos y que desarrollan en forma súbita un cuadro de edema agudo de pulmón, casi siempre posterior a la anesthesia, encontrándose ya no orointubados. La intensa presión negativa intrapleural secundaria al esfuerzo inspiratorio genera en el intersticio pulmonar pericapilar el gradiente transmural suficiente para producir edema. La hipoxemia, hipercapnia, acidosis e hipersecreción adrenérgica se suman al escenario, determinando las características fisiopatológicas, clínicas, radiológicas y evolutivas de esta entidad.3-4. El edema pulmonar resultante puede aparecer en pocos minutos tras la obstrucción de la vía aérea o de forma diferida al cabo de varias horas. Este cuadro clínico es potencialmente grave, pero habitualmente responde bien al tratamiento con oxigenoterapia, en raros casos es necesaria la ventilación mecánica a presión positiva y diuréticos...(AU)

Pulmonary edema by negative pressure represents 0.1% of pulmonary complications in post - surgical patients, and the condition of the increase in this incidence is the existence of some type of airway obstruction reaching up to 11% of cases. Its incidence and prevalence are not clear since it is an entity with underdiagnosis. In the case reports it is agreed that the majority of patients are young with previously low risk surgical evaluations who develop suddenly a picture of acute pulmonary edema, almost always after anesthesia, and are no longer orointubed. The intense negative intrapleural pressure secondary to the inspiratory effort generates in the pericapillary pulmonary interstice the transmural gradient sufficient to produce edema. Hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, acidosis and adrenergic hypersecretion are added to the scenario, determining the physiopathological, clinical, radiological and evolutionary characteristics of this entity.3-4. The resulting pulmonary edema may appear within a few minutes after the obstruction of the airway or deferred after several hours. This clinical picture is potentially serious, but usually responds well to treatment with oxygen therapy, in rare cases it is necessary mechanical ventilation at positive pressure and diuretics ... (AU)  

Edema agudo de pulmón en emergencia de adultos Hospital Roosevelt / Acute lung edema in adult emergency Roosevelt Hospital

El Edema Agudo de Pulmón (EAP) consiste en la acumulación de líquido en el pulmón, que impide la normal oxigenación de la sangre y ocasiona hipoxia tisular. Constituye una frecuente y dramática urgencia médica. Métodos: Revisamos los Registros Médicos de los pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico clínico de EAP de la emergencia de adultos del Hospital Roosevelt, en el período de 1 de marzo de 2005 al 31 de marzo de 2006. Resultados: Encontramos 127 pacientes, el sexo más frecuente fue masculino 53%, la edad más frecuente fue en el rango de 14-23 años; la enfermedad de base más frecuente fue Insuficiencia Renal, seguida de Cardiopatías, siendo el Infarto Agudo del Miocardio el más frecuente. El síntoma más frecuente fue disnea, y el signo más frecuente fue diaforesis. 69% no tenían tratamiento previo a la consulta.

Acute Pulmonary Edema (EAP) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which prevents normal oxygenation ofthe blood and causes tissue hypoxia. It is a frequent and dramatic medical emergency. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of EAP from adult emergency room ofRoosevelt Hospital, from March 1st, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Results: We found 127 patients, 53% weremale, age range 14-23 years; Acute Kidney Disease followed by heart diseases, as Acute Myocardial Infarction were the most frequent associated diseases. The most common symptom was dyspnea, and themost frequent sign was sweating. 69% had no previously treated.

Post extubation negative pressure pulmonary edema due to posterior mediastinal cyst in an infant.

A 3‑month‑old male child underwent uneventful inguinal herniotomy under general anesthesia. After extubation, airway obstruction followed by pulmonary edema appeared for which the baby was reintubated and ventilated. The baby made a complete recovery and extubated after about 2 h. A post‑operative computed tomography scan revealed a posterior mediastinal cystic mass abutting the tracheal bifurcation. Presumably, extrinsic compression by the mass on the tracheal bifurcation led to the development of negative pressure pulmonary edema.

The five-point Likert scale for dyspnea can properly assess the degree of pulmonary congestion and predict adverse events in heart failure outpatients

OBJECTIVES: Proper assessment of dyspnea is important in patients with heart failure. Our aim was to evaluate the use of the 5-point Likert scale for dyspnea to assess the degree of pulmonary congestion and to determine the prognostic value of this scale for predicting adverse events in heart failure outpatients. METHODS: We undertook a prospective study of outpatients with moderate to severe heart failure. The 5-point Likert scale was applied during regular outpatient visits, along with clinical assessments. Lung ultrasound with ≥15 B-lines and an amino-terminal portion of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level >1000 pg/mL were used as a reference for pulmonary congestion. The patients were then assessed every 30 days during follow-up to identify adverse clinical outcomes. RESULTS: We included 58 patients (65.5% male, age 43.5±11 years) with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 27±6%. In total, 29.3% of these patients had heart failure with ischemic etiology. Additionally, pulmonary congestion, as diagnosed by lung ultrasound, was present in 58% of patients. A higher degree of dyspnea (3 or 4 points on the 5-point Likert scale) was significantly correlated with a higher number of B-lines (p = 0.016). Patients stratified into Likert = 3-4 were at increased risk of admission compared with those in class 1-2 after adjusting for age, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class and levels of NT-proBNP >1000 pg/mL (HR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.33-18.64, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: In our series, higher baseline scores on the 5-point Likert scale were related to pulmonary congestion and were independently associated with adverse events during follow-up. This simple clinical tool can help to identify patients who are more likely to decompensate and whose treatment should be intensified. .

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Life-Threatening Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema following Rupture of an Intracranial Aneurysm

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) leading to cardiopulmonary dysfunction is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with central nervous system lesions. This case report describes a 28-yr woman with life-threatening fulminant NPE, which was refractory to conventional respiratory treatment, following the rupture of an aneurysm. She was treated successfully with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), although ECMO therapy is generally contraindicated in neurological injuries such as brain trauma and diseases that are likely to require surgical intervention. The success of this treatment suggests that ECMO therapy should not be withheld from patients with life-threatening fulminant NPE after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The Frequency of Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema after Trocar and Hemostat Assisted Thoracostomy in Patients with Spontaneous Pneumothorax

PURPOSE: Several risk factors for development of reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) after drainage of pneumothoraces have been reported, but the association between the method of thoracostomy and the development of REPE is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of REPE after treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with trocar or hemostat assisted closed thoracostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study including 173 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who visited the emergency department from January 2007 to December 2008. In 2007, patients were treated with hemostat-assisted drainage, whereas patients in 2008 were treated with trocar-assisted drainage. The main outcome was the development of REPE, determined by computed tomography of the chest 8 hours after closed thoracostomy. Outcomes in both groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients were included, 48 (42 males) of which underwent hemostat-assisted drainage and 44 (41 males) underwent trocar-assisted drainage. The groups were similar in mean age (24+/-10 vs. 26+/-14 respectively). The frequencies of REPE after hemostat- and trocar-assisted drainage were 63% (30 patients) and 86% (38 patients) respectively (p=0.009). In multivariate analysis, trocar-assisted drainage was the major contributing factor for developing REPE (odds ratio=5.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.5-21). Age, gender, size of pneumothorax, symptom duration and laboratory results were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: Closed thoracostomy using a trocar is associated with an increased risk of REPE compared with hemostat-assisted drainage in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Insuficiência cardíaca agudamente descompensada e o tratamento com ventilação mecânica não invasiva / Acutely decompensated heart failure and treatment with non-invasive Ventilation

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é a via comum da maioria das cardiopatias. A oxigenioterapia por ventilaçãomecânica não invasiva (VMNI) é baseada em evidências. Este relato de caso descreve um caso de IC e a aplicação da técnica de VMNI no seu tratamento. Paciente com dispneia intensa, taquipneia e alteração dos sinais vitais. Constatou-se quadro de edema agudo de pulmão (EAP)secundário à IC descompensada. Foi instituída terapia medicamentosa e VMNI. O paciente recebeu altahospitalar 36 horas após. Os trabalhos analisados concluíram que a VMNI é boa opção no tratamento da IC descompensada.

Heart failure (HF) is the common pathway of most heart diseases. Oxygen therapy for mechanical non-invasiveventilation (MNIV) is based on evidence. This case report describes a case of HF and application of the MNIV technique for its treatment. A patient with severedyspnea, tachypnea and alteration of vital signs presented acute edema of the lung secondary to decompensated HF. After drug therapy and MNIV, thepatient was discharged after 36 hours. The studies reviewed concluded that MNIV is good option for thetreatment of decompensated HF.

Injuria pulmonar aguda en la intoxicación por ácido acetilsalicílico: Caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Acute lung injury due to acetylsalicylic acid poisoning: Case report and review

La intoxicación por salicilatos frecuentemente no es tenida en cuenta como causa de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico y de alteración del sensorio en pacientes adultos. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 52 años de edad, la cual presentó dos episodios de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico habiendo requerido para su manejo, asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. La presentación clínica de la intoxicación fue reconocida al ingreso al servicio de urgencias y llevó al diagnóstico correcto. Se le realizó hemodiálisis y alcalinización urinaria llevando a una rápida resolución del edema pulmonar. Varios aspectos de la presentación clínica sugirieron que la paciente tenía una intoxicación crónica, una condición que a menudo no es diagnosticada oportunamente, lo que contribuye al aumento de la morbi-mortalidad en estos pacientes. Frente a un caso de edema pulmonar agudo no cardiogénico debe considerarse la posibilidad de intoxicación con salicilatos, porque la institución rápida de una terapia apropiada, incluyendo la hemodiálisis, una vez establecido el diagnóstico, es un factor determinante de los resultados en esta grave intoxicación.

Salicylate intoxication is frequently overlooked as a cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and altered mental status in adult patients. We described the case of a 52 years-old woman who presented two episodes of recurrent non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema requiring intubation. On admission, recognition of the clinical syndrome in the emergency department led to the correct diagnosis of salicylate intoxication. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis and urinary alkalinization, leading to rapid resolution of pulmonary edema and extubation. Several aspects of the clinical presentation suggest that the patient suffered from chronic salicylism, a condition often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in the course of disease, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality in these patients. This poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema not cardiogenic and altered sensorium because rapid institution of appropriate therapy, including hemodialysis, once the diagnosis is established is an important determinant of outcome in this serious disorder.

Unilateral Pulmonary Edema: A Rare Initial Presentation of Cardiogenic Shock due to Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema (UPE) is a rare clinical entity that is often misdiagnosed at first. Most cases of cardiogenic UPE occur in the right upper lobe and are caused by severe mitral regurgitation (MR). We present an unusual case of right-sided UPE in a patient with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without severe MR. The patient was successfully treated by percutaneous coronary intervention and medical therapy for heart failure. Follow-up chest Radiography showed complete resolution of the UPE. This case reminds us that AMI can present as UPE even in patients without severe MR or any preexisting pulmonary disease affecting the vasculature or parenchyma of the lung.