ABSTRACT
Animal studies using oleic acid (OA) model to produce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been inconsistent. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to establish an acute model of ARDS in rats using OA and to characterize its effect on cardio-respiratory parameters and lethality. The trachea, jugular vein and femoral artery of anesthetized adult rats were cannulated. A dose of OA (30-90 µL; iv) was injected in each animal and changes in respiratory frequency (RF), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. Minute ventilation and PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio were also determined. At the end, lungs were excised for determination of pulmonary water content and histological examination. At all doses of OA, there was immediate decrease followed by increase in RF, however at 75 and 90 µL of OA, RF decreased abruptly and the animals died by 63 ± 8.2 min and 19 ± 6.3 min; respectively. In all the groups, HR and MAP changes followed the respiratory changes. The minute ventilation increased in a dose-dependent manner while the values of P/F ratio decreased correspondingly. Pulmonary edema was induced at all doses. Histological examination of the lung showed alveolar damage, microvascular congestion, microvascular injury, infiltration of inflammatory cells, pulmonary edema and necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. With these results, OA can be used to induce different grades of ARDS in rats and OA doses of 50, 60 and 75 µL resemble mild, moderate and severe forms of ARDS respectively. Hence, OA model serves as a useful tool to study the pathophysiology of ARDS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Heart Rate/drug effects , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/mortality , Inflammation/pathology , Male , Necrosis , Oleic Acid/toxicity , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , Pulmonary Edema/mortality , Pulmonary Edema/pathology , Pulmonary Ventilation/drug effects , Rats , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/chemically induced , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/mortality , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology , Respiratory Rate/drug effects , Survival RateABSTRACT
Twelve cases died during the process of venous infusion were collected from 208 autopsy cases during the period of 2002-2004 in our center. The rate was 5.8% (12/208). In these 12 cases, 8 occurred in countryside clinic with poor medical condition. Negligence to take care of the indications and contraindications of venous infusion was the main cause of these accidents. Autopsy data showed that the cause of sudden death of 9 cases were related to the venous infusion directly or indirectly. The other 3 cases were died from original diseases of these patients and the time of these deaths was time of coincidence occasionally with the time of venous infusion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Death, Sudden/pathology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology , Forensic Medicine , Infusions, Intravenous , Malpractice , Pulmonary Edema/mortalityABSTRACT
High altitude pulmonary edema develops in people who make a rapid ascend to a high altitude and the body is not able to acclimatize itself. We came across two such cases in the department of Forensic Medicine at I.G.M.C, Shimla.
Subject(s)
Adult , Altitude Sickness/mortality , Cause of Death , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , India , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/mortality , Young AdultABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La injuria pulmonar aguda post-resección pulmonar es una complicación grave y de mal pronóstico que aparece en el postoperatorio inmediato de la cirugía de resección pulmonar. Objetivos: Presentación de 3 casos clínicos de injuria pulmonar aguda post-resección pulmonar con revisión de los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que participan en su génesis y descripción de las principales pautas terapéuticas. Lugar: Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Base de datos: Base electrónica MEDLINE y revisión de los principales trabajos sobre el tema en revistas de anestesiología, medicina crítica y neumonología.