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1.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 21: e226427, jan.-dez. 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1393274

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether non-ionizing radiation emitted by smartphones is likely to cause genotoxic effects on oral epithelial cells. Methods: Thirty adults were distributed into two groups according to the mobile phone brand used, namely Samsung (Samsung, Seoul, South Korea) and Apple (Apple, California, USA). The material was collected with gentle swabbing of the right and left buccal mucosa using a cervical brush, then the micronucleus test was performed. Results: The Mann-Whitney test with a 5% significance level did not reveal statistically significant differences in micronuclei frequency between the exposed and non-exposed sides (p=0.251). The different brands do not seem to cause risks of inducing genetic damage because there were no statistically significant differences between them (p=0.47). Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggest no correlations of micronuclei frequency in the exposed buccal cells of mobile phone users at the exposure standard levels observed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Radio Waves , Micronucleus Tests , Epithelial Cells , Smartphone , Mouth Mucosa , Mutagenicity Tests
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 30(4): 309-316, oct. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606844

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Medir a exposição de fisioterapeutas aos campos elétrico e magnético produzidos por 17 equipamentos de diatermia de ondas curtas (DOC) de clínicas de fisioterapia da cidade de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil. Comparar os valores medidos com os níveis de exposição recomendados pelo ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). Observar a eficácia das gaiolas de Faraday como medida de proteção à exposição dos fisioterapeutas aos campos elétrico e magnético oscilantes. MÉTODOS: As medidas dos campos elétrico e magnético foram realizadas durante sessões reais de tratamento fisioterápico, em quatro pontos: nas proximidades da pelve e da cabeça do operador, dos cabos elétricos dos aparelhos e dos eletrodos de aplicação. O equipamento de medição utilizado foi o EMR-200 da Wandell & Goltermann. RESULTADOS: Os valores obtidos nas proximidades dos eletrodos e cabos estavam de 10 a 30 vezes acima dos níveis de referência ocupacionais recomendados pela ICNIRP. Nas salas de tratamento com DOC com gaiola de Faraday, os campos encontrados foram ainda mais altos que os das salas sem esse revestimento, principalmente o campo magnético, com valores superiores a 100 vezes o limite de exposição da ICNIRP. CONCLUSÕES: As intensidades dos campos elétrico e magnético obtidas neste trabalho estão, de modo geral, acima dos níveis de exposição recomendados pelas normas da ICNIRP. Além disso observou-se que a gaiola de Faraday não fornece proteção aos fisioterapeutas mas aumenta os níveis de exposição aos quais estão submetidos estes profissionais.


OBJECTIVE: Measure physical therapists' exposure to the electric and magnetic fields produced by 17 shortwave diathermy devices in physical therapy clinics in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil. Compare the observed values with the exposure levels recommended by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Observe the efficacy of Faraday cages as a means of protecting physical therapists from exposure to oscillating electric and magnetic fields. METHODS: Electric and magnetic field measurements were taken at four points during actual physical therapy sessions: in proximity to the operator's pelvis and head, the devices' electrical cables, and the electrodes. The measuring equipment was a Wandel & Goltermann EMR-200. RESULTS: The values obtained in proximity to the electrodes and cables were 10 to 30 times higher than ICNIRP's recommended occupational reference levels. In the shortwave diathermy treatment rooms with Faraday cages, the fields were even higher than in treatment rooms not so equipped-principally the magnetic field, where the values were more than 100 times higher than the ICNIRP exposure limit. CONCLUSIONS: The electric and magnetic field intensities obtained in this study are generally above the exposure levels recommend in ICNIRP standards. It was also observed that the Faraday cage offers physical therapists no protection, and instead, increases their level of exposure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Physical Therapy Modalities , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Short-Wave Therapy/adverse effects , Brazil , Diathermy/adverse effects , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Occupational Health , Risk Assessment
3.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 51(4): 187-217, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-691007

ABSTRACT

Los efectos en salud de la radiación electromagnética ionizante son bien conocidos; sin embargo hay menos reconocimiento de los efectos en salud causados por exposición a radiación electromagnética no ionizante. La primera parte del presente trabajo se refiere a los efectos en salud de las radiaciones electromagnéticas no ionizantes, independiente de su origen, puesto que no hay diferencias apreciables entre los efectos producidos por los diversos tipos de radiación electromagnética no ionizante y por lo tanto, son también válidas para aquellas emitidas por la telefonía celular. Se describe una asociación estadísticamente significativa de varias enfermedades a radiación electromagnética de frecuencia baja (ELF) proveniente de tendidos o transformadores de alta tensión, radiación electromagnética ELF del tendido eléctrico domiciliario y de artefactos electrodomésticos, exposición ocupacional a radiación electromagnética principalmente ELF, y radiación electromagnética de radiofrecuencia (RF) proveniente de antenas de transmisión de televisión. A continuación se analizan los efectos ya demostrados de la telefonía celular (los teléfonos y sus antenas repetidoras). Luego se analizan los grados de certeza de un estudio del Estado de California (USA) para relacionar las diversas enfermedades causadas por radiación electromagnética no ionizante. Este estudio confirmó la alta o mediana probabilidad de una relación causa-efecto de la radiación electromagnética con las siguientes enfermedades: leucemia en adultos y niños, cáncer cerebral en adultos y niños, cáncer de mama femenino y masculino, abortos espontáneos, suicidio, enfermedad de Alzheimer, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica y enfermedades cardiovasculares incluyendo infarto del miocardio. Se describen cuales son estas enfermedades de acuerdo al origen de estas radiaciones y se analizan cuales pueden ser los mecanismos biológicos que determinan la génesis de éstas...


The health effects of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are well known; neverthless there exist less recognition on the health effects of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. The first part of the present report refers to health effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, independently of its origin, since there are not important differences among effects caused by the different kind of non-ionizing radiations, therefore, they are valid for those emmited by the mobile telephony. A statistically significant association is described among various diseases and extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) from high tension electric conductors or transformers, intradomiciliary electric lines or electrodomestic appliances, occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields, mainly ELF, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation from television transmission. Already demonstrated effects of mobile telephony (cellular telephones and their antenas). The degrees of certainty from a study of the State of California (USA) is analyzed to relate various diseases caused by non-ionizing radiation. This study confirmed high or moderate probability of a cause-effect relationship for adult and child leukemia, brain cancer in adults and children, female and male breast cancer, spontaneous abortions, suicide, Alzheimer disease, amiotrophic lateral sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction. Various diseases are related to the different origin of the radiation, and the biological mechanisms involved in disease generation are analyzed. Research performed in the USSR and afterwards in Russia on health effects of mobile telephony are summarized, these investigations originated the regulation in this country and afterwards in West Europe, and influenced the decisions of WHO on its carcinogenicity...


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology , Chile , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Legislation, Environmental , Leukemia/etiology , Microwaves , Occupational Exposure , Radio Waves/adverse effects , Permissible Limit of Occupational Hazards , Television , Cell Phone
4.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2009; 36 (9): 585-607
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-150687

ABSTRACT

Although the use of mobile telephones is common, increasing and beneficial, it is still considered as an environmental pollutant nowaday. This is because these devices require to be held close to the head and the exposure effects on the brain remain controversial. Being so, we designed this study. The present study was done in an attempt to investigate the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes produced in the cerebellum of neonatal mice as a result of exposure to the nonionizing radiation of the mobile phone. Eleven neonatal mice were used in this study. Five of them were exposed [as experimental group] to mobile phone microwaves [900- 1800 MHz, SAR: 0.92 w/kg] during their late prenatal and early postnatal life [1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days]. While the other six served as control animals. Comparable parts of cerebella were removed from all animals and processed for the examination by the light and the transmission electron microscopes. The whole body exposure of the neonatal mice to this type of nonionizing radiation resulted in several morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes. These changes included a statistically significant decrease in the mean cell distribution, DNA content and total protein content of Purkinje cells and other cerebellar elements of exposed animals. On the other hand an increase in the Purkinje cell volume was recorded. In addition, the ultrastructural observations were corrugated plasma and nuclear membranes, ruptured mitochondria, destruction of Golgi apparatus, dilatation and disintegration of RER, scarcity of ribosomes and Nissl bodies in Purkinje cells. Damage in the cell membranes, chromatin clumping and increase in electron density of the cells of granular layer also observed. In the molecular layer; degeneration of axons and dendrites, increased electron density and damage of neurons occurred. The whole-body exposure of neonatal mice to the nonionizing radiation produced many pathological lesions in their cerebella at the cellular and subcellular levels


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Electromagnetic Radiation , Environmental Pollutants , Cerebellum/pathology , Microscopy, Polarization , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/genetics , Golgi Apparatus/pathology , Mice
5.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 20(2/3): 205-212, ago.-sept. 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-441035

ABSTRACT

Las nuevas tecnologías que utilizan campos electromagnéticos (CEM) ofrecen a la humanidad inmensos beneficios. Además de emplearse en la transmisión de energía eléctrica, las telecomunicaciones y en equipos industriales, médicos y electrodomésticos, los CEM tienen otras muchas y muy diversas aplicaciones. Algunos estudios demuestran que la exposición a los CEM podría producir efectos adversos a la salud, como cáncer y cambios en el comportamiento de las personas. Aunque hasta el presente no se ha demostrado que la exposición a CEM de baja intensidad provoque estos efectos, se trabaja por lograr un consenso científico al respecto y por establecer normas de seguridad adecuadas. La responsabilidad de desarrollar y promover los estándares de seguridad ha recaído fundamentalmente en organizaciones y agencias especializadas reconocidas internacionalmente; sin embargo, las autoridades sanitarias nacionales deben participar activamente en ese proceso. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud ha decidido promover investigaciones científicas y epidemiológicas con vistas a proponer guías y estándares armonizados. Algunos países de América Latina, como Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú y Venezuela ya cuentan con leyes específicas, aunque generalmente parciales o incompletas, basadas en las recomendaciones internacionales. En este artículo se describen las normas establecidas en América Latina y se analizan los diferentes enfoques de cada una de ellas.


New technologies that use electromagnetic fields (EMF) have proved greatly beneficial to humankind. EMF are used in a variety of ways in the transmission of electrical energy and in telecommunications, industry, and medicine. However, some studies have shown that EMF could be detrimental to one's health, having found an association between exposure to EMF on the one hand, and the incidence of some types of cancer as well as behavioral changes on the other. Although so far there is no concrete proof that exposure to low-intensity EMF is hazardous, researchers continue to study the issue in an attempt to reach a consensus opinion and to establish safety standards. While developing and establishing such norms and standards have traditionally been the responsibility of international specialized agencies, national health authorities should take an active part in this process. Currently the Pan American Health Organization is promoting scientific research, often in the form of epidemiologic studies, in order to propose uniform norms and standards. Some Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, have already enacted incomplete or partial legislation based on recommended international standards. This article describes the norms established in Latin America and the particular approach taken by each country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Threshold Limit Values , Guidelines as Topic , Latin America , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Reference Standards
6.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 35(2)abr.-jun. 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-450563

ABSTRACT

Las radiaciones electromagnéticas según diferentes autores pueden modificar la actividad bioeléctrica cerebral y producir cambios en el electroencefalograma mediante diferentes mecanismos biológicos que involucran a los iones calcio, la producción de melatonina y otras funciones neurorreguladoras. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el electroencefalograma en un grupo de personas expuestas a las radiaciones electromagnéticas y compararlo con un grupo no expuesto. Se encontró que en los expuestos las alteraciones electroencefalográficas más frecuentes fueron las que manifestaron un sufrimiento cortical cerebral (alteraciones lentas), un aumento de energía absoluta y total de las bandas electroencefalográficas theta y delta, mientras que las alteraciones del electroencefalograma encontradas en los controles no difieren por su número y características morfológicas de las encontradas en la población en general


Subject(s)
Humans , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Cerebral Cortex , Electroencephalography/methods , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects
7.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 38(3): 184-188, sept.-dic. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-309371

ABSTRACT

La introducción y desarrollo de tecnología donde se utilizan radiaciones o campos electromagnéticos no ionizantes, se ha ido incrementando en el sector de la salud, por lo que sus trabajadores constituyen una parte importante de los trabajadores expuestos a este factor de riesgo. Este artículo es una aproximación de como se comportó realmente esta problemática en el sector de la Salud Cubana, a partir de la visita a 14 hospitales de Ciudad de La Habana y la opinión recogida entre los trabajadores vinculados con esas fuentes. Los responsables de la PHT en los hospitales no percibieron a esas fuentes como un problema, la situación entre los operarios es algo diferente. Se presentó un listado de recomendaciones que estimamos útil para el sector


Subject(s)
Humans , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure , Health Personnel , Occupational Risks , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Radiation Exposure
9.
Säo Paulo; FUNDACENTRO; 1992. 22 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-135918

ABSTRACT

A avaliaçäo realizada apresenta caráter quantitativo, viabilizando a comparaçäo entre os níveis de exposiçäo ocupacional a radiaçöes näo ionizantes (microondas) e os padröes recomendados nas normas ACGIH; para avaliar a exposiçäo ocupacional dos trabalhadores do Grupo de Implantaçäo do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara durante as operaçöes de lançamento e recomendar medidas de controle


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Microwaves/adverse effects , Permissible Limit of Occupational Hazards , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Facility Regulation and Control/standards , Security Measures
10.
Bogota; s.n.; 8 feb. 1988. 90 p. ilus, tab.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-133787

ABSTRACT

Estudio comparativo entre un grupo de 40 ninos con disminucion de la agudeza visual y otro similar en tamano, edad y escolaridad, sin disminucion de la agudeza visual, para identificar los factores de riesgo para alteraciones de la vision. La informacion se recolecto mediante una untrevista estructurada a los padres que permitio identificar signos y sintomas de antecedentes de infeccion ocular, estrabismo, e iluminacion habitual del lugar donde el nino ve television. Para registrar los datos, se empleo un formato previamente disenado que facilito el analisis. El riesgo, se estudio cualitativamente en forma separada y posteriormente se establecieron relaciones de asociacion por razon de disparidad y prueba de significancia. En referencia a infeccion ocular se encontro asociacion con disminucion de la agudeza visual, pero fue mayor entre esta y estrabismo. No se encontro significativo como factor de riesgo el ver television con la luz ambiental apagada. Estos hallazgos revelan la importancia de reforzar los habitos higienicos en la familia y en el nino, y de ensenar a los padres a detectar tempranamente infeccion ocular y estrabismo como estrategias para prevenir la disminucion de la agudeza visual en escolares


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Female , Vision Disorders , Vision Screening , Visual Acuity , Eye Infections/complications , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Eye/anatomy & histology , Eye/physiology , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Strabismus/complications
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