Sterility effects of Neem [Azadirachta indica] extract on male rat

Nowadays uses of synthetic pesticides has caused a lot of environmental problems. For this reason there is an effort to replace them with biopesticides. One of these ways is the use of plant bioproducts. Various studies on Azadirachta indica [Neem] have proven that the seed extract of this plant has reversible infertility and spontaneous abortion properties. In this study we are trying to determine the effective dose of its seed extract for sterility of rodent pests. In this survey, 24 male wistar rats with 4-5 months old [weighing about 150-200 grams] were selected randomly. They were divided into 4 subgroups each containing 6 rats. The Neem extract [Neem Azal 1%] was fed to 3 groups by gavage for six days. The first group was fed with water and others were fed with Neem extract [5mg/kg, 15mg/kg and 25mg/kg respectively]. Hematological parameters were determined on 4th and 9th day of the experiment. On the 10th day two animals from each group were dissected for histological study of testes. Remaining animals were tested for fertility with fertile female rats. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups. After observing reproduction in female rats, these groups were excluded from study. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups in their hematological parameters except for MCH and hemoglobin on 4th [P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively] and 9th day [p<0.05] and WBC on 9th day [p<0.05] in third group, which showed an increase. There were no significant differences between serum testosterone levels. In group which received 15 mg/kg extract, reproduction occurred after 60 days [reproduction cycle in rats is 20-23 days]. In group which received 25mg/kg extract, half of the animals died due to high doses of Neem extract and in the remaining half, reproduction occurred after 3 months. Histological results of testes indicated abnormality in spermatogenesis and sperms production in some of the semniferous tubules. Therefore after 60-90 days and repair of injured cells, reproduction is observed again. Base on the results of this study it seems that we can use Neem seed extract as an anti-fertility agent, considering its cost benefit ratio and suitable formulation, we can use it as rodent baits to control harmful agricultural rodents. In this way we have a new method of controlling deleterious rodents

effect of long term administration of sublethal dose of carbaryl [sevin] on the stomach of adult albino rat

This study aimed to examine the effect of long term administration of sublethal dose of carbaryl [Sevin] on the stomach of adult albino rats. Forty adults male albino rats were used and divided into two equal groups: The first group served as controls and the second group was used to show the effect of carbaryl on the stomach by giving 25 mg carbaryl orally/rat/day for three months. The stomach was dissected and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The mucosa of the treated rat showed degeneration of the gastric glands with marked monocytic cellular infiltration. Only some parietal cells persisted the effect of the drug and looked healthy by light microscopy. However, EM studies showed that the parietal cells which appeared healthy in light microscopy showed degenerative changes in the form of dilated endoplasmic reticulum, enlarged mitochondria with loss of their cristae and vacuolation of their cytoplasm and nuclei. It was concluded that carbaryl induces hazard effects on the stomach of albino rats in the form of degeneration of the mucosa and marked cellular infiltration

Ultrastructural study on the effect of lithium carbonate administration on the kidney of adult male albino rat

Twenty-five adult male albino rats weighing 150-200 gm were used in this study. The animals were divided into five groups of five animals each. The results after intake of the therapeutic dose revealed fusion of the minor feet processes of the podocytes and apparent increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane in comparison with the control group. Both proximal and distal convoluted tubules showed disappearance of their basal infoldings and evident mitochondrial degeneration in the form of swelling and loss of their cristae and dilated cisternae of rER were also noticed. In addition, microvilli of proximal convoluted tubules were lost in focal areas. The same changes, but in more severe form, were noticed after the intake of the toxic dose. In addition, there were tubular nuclear changes in the form of irregularity of contour, pyknosis or decreased density of chromatin

Effect of niridazole [Ambilhar] on mice 1. Histopathological studies

The effect of ambilhar at different dose levels on normal non-infected as well as on Schistosoma-infected mice was studied. Histopathological examination showed the occurrence of degenerative and necrotic changes in the epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules and inhibition of spermatogenesis in the tests at the dose range of 40 to 100 mg per kg body weight daily for a week. The interstitial cells were not affected. The changes in the tests were associated with manifestations of acute toxicity in mice treated with 40 mg. Changes in the liver were characterized by degenerative changes in the hepatic cells and mononuclear cell infiltrations in the portal tract. Changes related to toxicity were also seen in the kidney, heart, spleen and brain