Methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and its association with lipid profile and nutritional status in adults

BACKGROUND: Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. RESULTS: DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist-hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.

Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents / Polimorfismo Trp64Arg do gene ADRB3 associado à oxidação máxima de gorduras e à concentração de LDL-c em adolescentes não obesos

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene, maximal fat oxidation rates and the lipid profile levels in non-obese adolescents. Methods: 72 schoolchildren, of both genders, aged between 11 and 17 years, participated in the study. The anthropometric and body composition variables, in addition to total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, insulin, and basal glycemia, were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of the polymorphism: non-carriers of the Arg64 allele, i.e., homozygous (Trp64Trp: n = 54), and carriers of the Arg64 allele (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg: n = 18), in which the frequency of the Arg64 allele was 15.2%. The maximal oxygen uptake and peak of oxygen uptake during exercise were obtained through the symptom-limited, submaximal treadmill test. Maximal fat oxidation was determined according to the ventilatory ratio proposed in Lusk's table. Results: Adolescents carrying the less frequent allele (Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg) had higher LDL-c levels (p = 0.031) and lower maximal fat oxidation rates (p = 0.038) when compared with non-carriers (Trp64Trp). Conclusions: Although the physiological processes related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism are complex, the presence of the Arg 64 allele was associated with lower rates of FATMAX during aerobic exercise, as well as with higher levels of LDL-c in adolescents.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o polimorfismo Trp64Arg do gene ADRB3, as taxas de oxidação máxima de gorduras e as concentrações do perfil lipídico em adolescentes não obesos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 72 escolares, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 11 e 17 anos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal, além do colesterol total, lipoproteina de alta densidade, lipoproteina de baixa densidade, triglicerídeos; insulina e glicemia basal. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos, segundo a presença ou não do polimorfismo: não portadores do alelo Arg64, ou seja, homozigotos (Trp64Trp: n = 54) e portadores do alelo Arg64 (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg: n = 18), em que a frequência do alelo Arg64 foide 15,2%. O consumo máximo de oxigênio e pico de consumo máximo de oxigênio durante o exercício foram obtidos por meio do teste aeróbio submáximo de sintoma limitado em esteira. A oxidação máxima de gorduras foi determinada de acordo com a razão de trocas ventilatórias propostas na Tabela de Lusk. Resultados: Os adolescentes portadores do alelo menos frequente (Trp64Arg e Arg64Arg) apresentaram maiores concentrações de lipoproteina de baixa densidade (p = 0,031) e menores taxasde oxidação máxima de gorduras (p = 0,038) quando comparados aos não portadores (Trp64Trp). Conclusões: Embora os processos fisiológicos relacionados à lipólise e ao metabolismo de lipídeos sejam complexos, a presença do alelo Arg64 associou-se a menores taxas de FATMAX durante exercício aeróbio, bem como maiores níveis de lipoproteina de baixa densidade em adolescentes.

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Hormones, Blood Lipids and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Obese Women according to 3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to provide basic information about the effects of aerobic exercise on physiological change in middle-aged obese women according to differences of beta3-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. METHOD: Twenty-nine middle aged obese women with over 30%BMI were divided into three groups according to beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism[Variable Group(VG):9, Normal Group(NG):10, Control Group(CG):10]. The VG and NG groups performed walking at 50% exercise intensity for 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week, for 12 weeks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULT: The level of leptin, insulin and % body fat in the VG and NG groups was significantly lower than those of the CG after 12 weeks. In addition, the level of HDL-C in the VG and NG was significantly higher than that of the CG after 12 weeks. However, TC, TG and body weight between groups didn't appear significant at the end of 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise didn't cause differences in persons with differing beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms, but aerobic exercise affected the physiological change in middle-aged obese women. The findings suggest that aerobic exercise is a desirable nursing intervention for obesity control in middle-aged obese women.