ABSTRACT
We previously demonstrated correlation between parasympathetic dysfunction and brain white matter lesions in chronic chagasic patients. OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum functional circulating antibodies with beta adrenergic (Ab-β), muscarinic (Ab-M) or muscarinic and beta adrenergic (Ab-Mβ) activity, the autonomic system function and brain lesions in chronic chagasic patients. METHOD: In fifteen consecutive chagasic patients, the autonomic nervous system was evaluated and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. The sera of all patients were tested to the presence of circulating functional antibodies. RESULTS: Sera from 11 of 15 chronic chagasic patients had some activity (Ab-β: 7; Ab-M: 1; Ab-Mβ: 3); however, there was no significant correlation between the presence of antibodies and the autonomic system function or the presence of hyperintensities in MRI. CONCLUSION: The mechanism involved in the genesis of hyperintense lesions seen in brain MRI of chronic chagasic patients is still unresolved, although apparently related to parasympathetic dysfunction.
A correlação entre disfunção parassimpática e lesões de substância branca cerebral em pacientes chagásicos já foi previamente demonstrada. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a presença de anticorpos circulantes funcionais com atividade beta-adrenérgica (Ab-β), muscarínica (Ab-M) ou muscarínica e beta adrenérgica (Ab-Mβ), a presença de disautonomia e lesões de substância branca cerebral em pacientes chagásicos crônicos. MÉTODO: Em quinze pacientes chagásicos consecutivos, foram realizados a avaliação do sistema nervoso autônomo e ressonância magnética (RM) do crânio. O soro dos pacientes foi testado para a presença de anticorpos funcionais circulantes. RESULTADOS: O soro de 11 dos 15 pacientes chagásicos apresentou alguma atividade (Ab-β: 7; Ab-M: 1; Ab-Mβ: 3); porém não houve correlação significativa entre a presença de anticorpos circulantes e disautonomia ou de hiperintensidades à RM. CONCLUSÃO: O mecanismo envolvido na gênese das lesões hiperintensas à RM do crânio dos pacientes chagásicos crônicos não está esclarecida ainda, apesar de aparentemente relacionada à disfunção parassimpática.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rabbits , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases , Autoantibodies/blood , Brain , Chagas Disease , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/immunology , Receptors, Muscarinic/immunology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/immunology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Brain/immunology , Brain/pathology , Chronic Disease , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/pathology , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
In this study we characterize the presence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) of chicks by immunohistochemistry with the M35 antibody. Some M35-immunoreactive fibers were observed emerging from the retinal optic nerve insertion, suggesting that they could be centrifugal fibers. Indeed, intraocular injections of cholera toxin B (CTb), a retrograde tracer, and double-labeling with M35 and CTb in the ION confirmed this hypothesis. The presence of M35-immunoreactive cells and the possible mAChR expression in ION and ectopic neuron cells in the chick brain strongly suggest the existence of such a cholinergic system in this nucleus and that acetylcholine release from amacrine cells may mediate interactions between retinal cells and ION terminals
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Optic Nerve/cytology , Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis , Retina/cytology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis , Immunochemistry , Nerve Fibers/chemistry , Optic Nerve/chemistry , Rabbits , Receptors, Muscarinic/immunology , Retina/chemistryABSTRACT
Here we demonstrate that T. cruzi antigen molecule SAPA (shed acute phase antigen) with neuraminidase-trans sialidase activity triggers down-regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by interacting with T lymphocyte muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). SAPA attachment to mAChR from Lyt 2.2+ T cells resulted in synthesis of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and secretion of PGE2, an immunoregulator effector substance. These T suppressor cell signals were blunted by atropine and by indomethacin. Cell sorter analysis showed that the interaction of SAPA with purified T cells, affected the ratio of L3T4+/Lyt 2.2+ T cells increasing the percentage of Lyt 2.2+ T cells, effect that was inhibited by the mAChR antagonist, atropine. The interaction between SAPA and mAChR from Lyt 2.2+ T cells may result, therefore, in the down-regulation of the host immune response as consequence of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells activation and PGE2 release as they were observed. These results support the theory of an immunosuppressive state that contribute to the chronic course of Chagas'disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antigens, Protozoan/drug effects , Atropine/pharmacology , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology , Receptors, Muscarinic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Cell Division , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chronic Disease , Concanavalin A , Cyclic GMP/immunology , Dinoprostone/immunology , Flow Cytometry , Mice, Inbred BALB C , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
Este trabajo demuestra, en pacientes chagásicos, la presencia de auto-anticuerpos circulantes reactivos contra el tercer dominio extracelular del receptor muscarínico M2, humano utilizando un péptido sintético correspondiente a la secuencia 169-192 del receptor, mediante técnicas de ELISA e immunoblotting. Anticuerpos anti-péptido purificados por inmunoafinidad revelaron actividad muscarínica cardíaca, ya que deprimieron la contractilidad, inhibieron la producción de AMPc e incrementaron los niveles de GMPc; estos efectos fueron bloqueados específicamente por el péptido sintético y por atropina. Comprobamos una fuerte asociación entre presencia de autoanticuerpos anti-péptido M2 y manifestaciones de disautonomia en los pacientes, sugiriendo su posible utilidad como marcadores tempranos de disautonomia.