ABSTRACT
Background Prolactin (PRL) regulates development and reproduction, and its effects are mediated by the prolactin receptor (PRLR). In order to clarify the role of PRLR and PRL in the process of follicular development in the goose ovary, the level of PRLR mRNA expression in the ovary and follicles of the Sichuan white goose was determined, as well as the PRL concentration in ovarian follicles. Results The level of PRLR mRNA in the hierarchical follicles (HFs) initially increased, and subsequently decreased, whereas PRLR expression was initially low and later increased in postovulatory follicles (POFs). The level of PRLR mRNA expression was the highest in the F4 follicles, and lowest in the F1 follicles in all of the examined follicles. Compared with the level of PRLR mRNA expression in the small white follicles (SWFs), the level of PRLR mRNA was 2.86- and 1.44-fold higher in the F4 and small yellow follicles (SYFs), respectively (P < 0.05). The level of PRLR mRNA expression in the F4 follicles was highest (P < 0.05) in HFs. The highest PRL concentration in all of the examined samples was observed in SYFs and F1, with concentration of 6162 mLU/g and 6197 mLU/g, respectively. The PRL concentration in SYFs was significantly higher compared with SWFs (P < 0.05). Conclusions The change of PRL concentration was similar to the PRLR mRNA expression level in preovulatory follicles. These results suggest that the PRL mediated by the PRLR plays a stimulatory role in the SWF to SYF transition.
Subject(s)
Animals , Prolactin/physiology , Receptors, Prolactin/physiology , Geese , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Ovary/growth & development , Receptors, Prolactin/genetics , RNA, Messenger , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Prolactin is an important mammalian hormone and the associated receptor is recognized in many different cells. Radioligand and histochemical methods are both used for assaying prolactin receptor. To produce FITC-prolactin conjugate and also to study the ability of conjugate to bind prolactin receptor. In this experimental study FITC was bound to prolactin in alkaline solution. FITC-prolactin conjugate was separated from free FITC by chromatographic method. Later, the ability of FITC-prolactin conjugate to bind prolactin receptor of peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] was assessed by flowcytometry. Fluorescence emission was detected in 2.1% of the cells in absence of FITC-prolactin. Following the addition of FITC-prolactin conjugate to cells for one hour and further washing, the fluorescence emission was detected in 27.8% of cells. For PBMC, these data were 0.02% and 11.8%, respectively. Regarding the data obtained in our study, FITC-prolactin conjugate can bind prolactin receptor. Therefore, this conjugate could be used for assessing prolactin receptor by fluorometric method
Subject(s)
Receptors, Prolactin/physiology , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate , Flow CytometryABSTRACT
El propósito de la presente revisión es explorar el papel de la prolactina como inmunomodulador en la respuesta inmune. La prolactina tiene función trófica en la proliferación de los linfocitos. Las células del sistema inmunitario tienen receptores en su superficie para la prolactina, más aún, los linfocitos son capaces de sintetizar y secretar prolactina. Diferentes estados en el nivel de prolactina ejercen una respuesta diferente en el sistema inmunitario, la disminución en la prolactina provoca un deterioro en la respuesta inmunitaria, mientras que el aumento de la prolactina ejerce un incremento de la respuesta inmunitaria. Las alteraciones en la prolactina se han descrito en muchas enfermedades con fondo inmunológico, como el lupus eritematoso sistémico, el síndrome de Reiter, artritis por adyuvantes, uveítis, transplante de órganos. La acumulación de pruebas al momento actual del papel que juega la prolactina como inmunomodulador puede tener un profundo impacto clínico en las enfermedades autoinmunitarias pero aún están en camino de determinarse
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Rats , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Bromocriptine/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection/blood , Graft Rejection/physiopathology , Hyperprolactinemia/drug therapy , Hyperprolactinemia/immunology , Immunity/physiology , Interleukins/physiology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/immunology , Biomarkers , Mice, Inbred NZB , Prolactin/blood , Prolactin/pharmacology , Prolactin/physiology , Receptors, Prolactin/physiology , Lymphocyte Activation/physiologyABSTRACT
Tradicionalmente se había considerado al sistema inmunitario como autónomo; sin embargo, pruebas recientes han demostrado que existen comunicaciones bidireccionales entre el sistema inmunitario y el neuroendócrino. Hay influencia de las hormonas gonadales, tiroideas, suprarrenales y pituitarias. De entre éstas, la prolactina ha sobresalido como potencial blanco para modificar la respuesta inmunitaria en algunos estados de enfermedad