Esotropia, nystagmus and optic disk staphyloma in Donnai-Barrow syndrome / Esotropia, nistagmo e estafiloma de disco óptico na síndrome de Donnai-Barrow

ABSTRACT A 12-year-old boy with Donnai-Barrow syndrome diagnosed intra-uterus presented esotropia, high myopia, nystagmus, and optic disk staphyloma in an ophthalmologic examination. The patient had associated Fanconi syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss as well as facial manifestations as hypertelorism, downward slanting of palpebral fissures and low ear implantation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case associated with esotropia, nystagmus, and optic disk staphyloma.

RESUMO Paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos, com diagnóstico intrauterino de síndrome de Donnai-Barrow, apresentava ao exame oftalmológico esotropia, alta miopia, nistagmo e estafiloma de disco óptico. Associado ao quadro, apresentava síndrome de Falconi e perda auditiva neurossensorial, além de alterações faciais, como hipertelorismo, inclinação inferior das fissuras palpebrais e implantação baixa das orelhas. Ressonância magnética revelou agenesia de corpo caloso. Ao nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro caso relatado associando esotropia, nistagmo e estafiloma de disco óptico.

Five years results after intrafamilial kidney post-transplant in a case of familial hypomagnesemia due to a claudin-19 mutation / Resultado cinco anos pós-transplante renal intrafamiliar em um caso de hipomagnesemia familiar devido a mutação da claudina-19

Introduction: Familial Hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, with severe ocular impairment secondary to claudin-19 mutation, is a rare recessive autossomic disorder. Its spectrum includes renal Mg2+ wasting, medullary nephrocalcinosis and progressive chronic renal failure in young people. Objective: To report a case of kidney transplantation father to daughter in a familial occurrence of severe bilateral nephrocalcinosis associated with ocular impairment in a non-consanguineous Brazilian family, in which two daughters had nephrocalcinosis and severe retinopathy. Methods: The index case, a 19 years-old female, had long-lasting past medical history of recurrent urinary tract infections, and the abdominal X-ray revealed bilateral multiple renal calcifications as well as ureteral lithiasis, and she was under haemodialysis. She had the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa in the early neonatal period. The other daughter (13 years-old) had also nephrocalcinosis with preserved kidney function, retinopathy with severe visual impairment, and in addition, she exhibited hypomagnesaemia = 0.5 mg/dL and hypercalciuria. The other family members (mother, father and son) had no clinical disease manifestation. Mutation analysis at claudin-19 revealed two heterozygous missense mutations (P28L and G20D) in both affected daughters. The other family members exhibited mutant monoallelic status. In despite of that, the index case underwent intrafamilial living donor kidney transplantation (father). Conclusion: In conclusion, the disease was characterized by an autosomal recessive compound heterozygous status and, after five years of donation the renal graft function remained stable without recurrence of metabolic disturbances or nephrocalcinosis. Besides, donor single kidney Mg2+ and Ca2+ homeostasis associated to monoallelic status did not affect the safety and the usual living donor post-transplant clinical course. .

Introdução: Hipomagnesemia familiar com hipercalciúria e nefrocalcinose, com grave envolvimento ocular, por mutação no gene da claudina-19, é uma doença rara autossômica recessiva. Seu espectro inclui perda renal de magnésio, nefrocalcinose medular e doença renal progressiva em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de transplante renal pai para filha em uma ocorrência familiar de nefrocalcinose bilateral grave associada com comprometimento ocular em uma família brasileira não consangüínea, na qual duas filhas apresentavam nefrocalcinose e retinopatia severa. Métodos: O caso índice, uma mulher de 19 anos de idade, tinha longa história pregressa de infecção urinária de repetição, o raio-X abdominal revelava calcificações renais múltiplas bilaterais, bem como litíase ureteral, e estava sob hemodiálise. Havia um diagnóstico prévio de retinite pigmentosa no período neonatal precoce. A outra filha (13 anos de idade) também apresentava nefrocalcinose com função renal preservada, retinopatia com grave deficiência visual, e além disso, ela exibia hipomagnesemia = 0,5 mg/dL e hipercalciúria. Os outros membros da família (mãe, pai e filho) não tinham nenhuma manifestação clínica da doença. A análise mutacional no gene da claudin-19 revelou duas mutações heterozigotas (P28L e G20D) em ambas as filhas afetadas. Os outros membros da família apresentavam estado mutante monoalélico. Apesar disso, o caso índice foi submetido a transplante de rim com doador vivo intrafamiliar (pai). Conclusão: Em conclusão, a doença foi caracterizada por um estado heterozigoto recessivo composto autossômico e após cinco anos de doação a função do enxerto ...

A Case of Recurrent Exercise-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Renal Hypouricemia with R90H Mutation in a SCL22A12 Gene / 영남의대학술지

Acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patch renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) is a rare cause of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Some ALPE patients also have renal hypouricemia. Mutations in the SCL22A12 gene are among the major factors of hypouricemia. Education for the prevention of relapse and genetic counseling should be recommended to ALPE patients with renal hypouricemia. This paper reports a 25-year-old man who showed recurrent exercise-induced ARF and renal hypouricemia with R90H mutation in his SCL22A12 gene.

Clinical characteristics of acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction (PRV) is a syndrome presenting with sudden loin pain after anaerobic exercise. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of diagnostic imaging studies of patients with this syndrome. METHODS: We retrospectively selected 17 patients with ARF accompanied by loin or abdominal pain who showed multiple patchy wedge-shaped delayed contrast enhancements on a computerized tomography scan. Information about the clinical characteristics, including the nature of pain and combined symptoms, suspected causes, such as exercise, drug or alcohol intake, and renal hypouricemia, and the results of laboratory and imaging tests were gathered. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with episodes of ARF accompanied by loin pain was 23.0+/-6.5 (range 16-35) years old. Pain was mainly located in the loin (70.6%) or abdominal area (76.5%) and continued for approximately 3.5+/-4.0 days. Exercise was suspected as a primary cause of disease in 12 (70.6%) patients. Maximal serum creatinine was 5.42+/-3.16 (1.4-12.1) mg/dL 3.1+/-1.8 (1-7) days after the onset of pain. The peak level of serum uric acid was 9.41+/-2.91 (6.0-15.8) mg/dL. All of the patients recovered to near-normal renal function, and one patient showed hypouricemia after recovery. CONCLUSION: ARF with severe loin pain and PRV can present with loin or abdominal pain, even without a history of anaerobic exercise. Careful history taking and appropriate imaging studies are critical in the diagnosis and management of this syndrome.

Presentación de un caso con múltiples malformaciones congénitas: asociación VACTERL / A case with multiple congenital malformations: VACTERL association

La asociación VACTERL es un conjunto de malformaciones congénitas que ocurre en varias combinaciones, entre las cuales encontramos: malformaciones Vertebrales, atresia Anal, anomalías Cardiovasculares, fistula Traqueo esofágica, atresia Esofágica, malformaciones Renales y displasia de las extremidades (Limb), fundamentalmente en el hueso radial. Para su diagnóstico se requiere la presencia de, al menos, tres de los siete criterios enumerados y se realiza por medio de ecografía a partir de la semana 18 de gestación. Aun no se ha reconocido etiología específica para esta patología; se cree que es producto de una influencia teratogénica entre la cuarta y octava semana de gestación. El pronóstico de estos pacientes es muy pobre, ya que fallece el 50-85% de los niños en el primer año de vida, sobreviviendo después del primer año de vida solo un 12-15%.

VACTERL association is a group of birth defects occurring in various combinations, among which are: vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-oesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, renal defects and limb dysplasia, mainly in the radial bone. To diagnostic is necessary at least three of the seven criteria listed and is performed by ultrasound after 18 weeks of gestation. Although no specific etiology has been recognized for this condition, is believed to be the result of undefined teratogenic influence acting between the fourth and eighth weeks of gestation. Prognosis for these patients is very poor, and who died on 50-85% of children in the first year and surviving after the first year of life only 12-15%.

A Case of Exercise-induced Acute Renal Failure with G774A Mutation in SCL22A12 Causing Renal Hypouricemia

Acute renal failure with severe loin pain which develops after anaerobic exercise is rare. One of predisposing factors of exercise-induced acute renal failure is renal hypouricemia. Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a genetic disorder characterized by hypouricemia with abnormally high renal tubular uric acid excretion. The mutation in SCL22A12 gene which encodes renal uric acid transporter, URAT1, is the known major cause of this disorder. We here described a 25-yr-old man showing idiopathic renal hypouricemia with G774A mutation in SCL22A12 who presented exercise-induced acute renal failure. There have been a few reports of mutational analysis in Korean idiopathic renal hypouricemia without acute renal failure. This is the first report of genetically diagnosed idiopathic renal hypouricemia with exercise-induced acute renal failure in Korea.

Magnesium Metabolism

Magnesium is the second most common intracellular divalent cation. Magnesium balance in the body is controlled by a dynamic interplay among intestinal absorption, exchange with bone, and renal excretion. Intestinal magnesium absorption proceeds in both a passive paracellular and an active transcellular manner. Regulation of serum magnesium concentrations is achieved mainly by control of renal magnesium reabsorption. Only 20% of filtered magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, whereas 60% is reclaimed in the cortical thick ascending limb (TAL) and another 5-10% in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The passive paracellular transport of magnesium in the TAL is closely related with the mutations in claudin-16/paracellin-1 and is responsible for familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. The active transcellular transport of magnesium in the DCT was similarly enhanced by the realization that defects in transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) cause hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. This channel regulates the apical entry of magnesium into epithelia and alters whole-body magnesium homeostasis by controlling urinary excretion. TRPM6 is regulated at the transcriptional level by acid-base status, 17beta-estradiol, and both FK506 and cyclosporine. The molecular identity of the protein responsible for the basolateral exit of magnesium from the epithelial cell remains unidentified.

Despistaje de acidosis tubular renal distal en preescolares del jardín de infancia Guiri Guire La Guardia, Estado Nueva Esparta: mayo 2005 / Search of acidosis renal distal in preeschool of the childhood garden Guiri Guire La Guardia, Nueva Esparta: may 2005

La acidosis tubular renal distal es un trastorno congénito o adquirido de la acidificación renal consecuencia de disfunción tubular, no presenta manifestaciones clínicas evidentes. Realizar despistaje en preescolares del Jardín de infancia Guiri Guire, La Guardia, Estado Nueva Esparta, en mayo 2005. Estudio Transversal mixto, muestra de 104 preescolares, se tallaron, pesaron, se llenó cuestionario respecto a hábitos alimentarios. Se realizó examen simple de primera orina en ayunas. Aquellos cuyo pH urinario resultó alcalino y/o presentaban cristales de oxalato de calcio pasaron a segunda etapa del estudio que consistió en recolectar muestra de 1ª y 2ª orina en ayunas, 2 muestras de sangre (en ayunas, post prandial) para determinar electrolitos séricos, urinarios, calcio, creatinina séricos, urinarios, y equilibrio ácido base. Los que presentaron acidosis metabólica hiperclorémica con hiato aniónico urinario positivo, se diagnósticaron como acidosis tubular renal distal. La incidencia es de 1,9 por ciento. Se evidenció alta prevalencia de cristales de oxalato de calcio en orina (26,92 por ciento). Del total se encontró un caso con acidosis metabólica hiperclorémica con hiato aniónico urinario negativo. La asociación entre talla baja y acidosis no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,906). La asociación entre déficit ponderal y acidosis no fue significativa (p=0,799). La prevalencia de esta patología (2/104) es significativamente mayor que la mundial (1/10000) (Probabilidad de Poisson = 0,00005352). Se recomienda realizar estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño para resultados más precisos del comportamiento de la enfermedad a nivel estatal.