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1.
Rev. argent. cir ; 112(2): 189-192, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125801

ABSTRACT

La diarrea nosocomial, que es la adquirida en el ámbito hospitalario, suele ser producida por Clostridium difficile. Sin embargo, en raras ocasiones puede ocasionar un síndrome de distrés respiratorio. Por ello, el diagnóstico de dicha patología es difícil si no se sospecha. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de antibiótico vía oral. Se expone el caso de una paciente de 66 años con dicha patología tras la realización de pancreatectomía total.


Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) diarrhea is usually caused by Clostridium difficile. On rare occasions it can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, this condition should be suspected in order to make a diagnosis. Treatment is based on oral antibiotics. We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with ARDS secondary to Clostridium difficile colitis after total pancreatectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/surgery , Clostridium Infections/complications , Pancreatectomy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/pathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnostic imaging
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 17(4): 183-187, dez 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284243

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Demonstrar casos de Chikungunya cujos paciente evoluíram com Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória do Adulto. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e documental cuja a amostra foi composta por pacientes internados em um hospital no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, diagnosticados com sorologia IgM positiva para febre do vírus Chikungunya, que evoluíram para Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória do Adulto. Foram feitas análises de prontuários e de imagens radiológicas, além de revisão de literatura. Resultados: Foram incluídos três pacientes no estudo, sendo que um evoluiu ao óbito e os outros dois obtiveram recuperação de suas funções após o quadro agudo da doença. Conclusão: A Chikungunya é uma doença recente em território nacional, com possível evolução para quadros graves, especialmente em sua fase aguda. Por essa razão, estudos aprofundados são necessários para maior conhecimento e entendimento da patologia e de suas factíveis complicações.


Objective: To report cases of Chikungunya that progressed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Methods: This is a descriptive and documental study, the sample of which consisted of patients who were hospitalized, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, diagnosed with positive IgM serology for Chikungunya fever, which progressed to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Medical records and radiological images were analyzed, and literature reviewed. Results: Three patients were included in the study, with one of them progressing to death, and the other two having their functions recovered after acute illness. Conclusion: Chikungunya is a recent disease in the national territory, with possible progression to severe conditions, especially on its acute phase. For this reason, in-depth studies are necessary for a better knowledge and understanding of the pathology and its likely complications


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnostic imaging , Chikungunya Fever/complications , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Skin/pathology , Tachycardia , Acidosis , Biopsy , Radiography , Anorexia , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Medical Records , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Arthralgia/etiology , Dyspnea , Mobility Limitation , Tachypnea , Hospitalization , Hypoxia , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(3): 312-317, jul.-set. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042587

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a influência do manejo da síndrome do desconforto respiratório sobre parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos de avaliação hemodinâmica em recém-nascidos ≤ 32 semanas. Métodos: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 33 recém-nascidos ≤ 32 semanas, submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva. A necessidade de surfactante exógeno e os parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida foram detalhadas nesse grupo de pacientes. Resultados: O valor da pressão média de vias aéreas foi significativamente maior nos recém-nascidos que necessitaram de inotrópicos [10,8 (8,8 - 23) cmH2O versus 9 (6,2 - 12) cmH2O; p = 0,04]. Houve correlação negativa entre pressão média de vias aéreas e integral velocidade-tempo da artéria pulmonar (r = -0,39; p = 0,026), débito do ventrículo direito (r = -0,43; p = 0,017) e medidas da excursão do plano do anel tricúspide (r = -0,37; p = 0,036). Verificou-se correlação negativa entre o número de doses de surfactante exógeno e: débito de ventrículo direito (r = -0,39; p = 0,028) e a integral velocidade-tempo da artéria pulmonar (r = -0,35; p = 0,043). Conclusão: Nos recém-nascidos ≤ 32 semanas em ventilação mecânica invasiva, elevações de pressão média de vias aéreas e do número de doses de surfactante correlacionam-se com piora da função cardíaca precoce. Aparentemente, o manejo mais agressivo da síndrome do desconforto respiratório contribui para a instabilidade hemodinâmica desses pacientes.


ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of respiratory distress syndrome management on clinical and echocardiographic parameters used for hemodynamic evaluation in ≤ 32- week newborns. Methods: Thirty-three ≤ 32-week newborns were prospectively evaluated and subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation. The need for exogenous surfactant and clinical and echocardiographic parameters in the first 24 hours of life was detailed in this group of patients. Results: The mean airway pressure was significantly higher in newborn infants who required inotropes [10.8 (8.8 - 23) cmH2O versus 9 (6.2 - 12) cmH2O; p = 0.04]. A negative correlation was found between the mean airway pressure and velocity-time integral of the pulmonary artery (r = -0.39; p = 0.026), right ventricular output (r = -0.43; p = 0.017) and measurements of the tricuspid annular plane excursion (r = -0.37; p = 0.036). A negative correlation was found between the number of doses of exogenous surfactant and the right ventricular output (r = -0.39; p = 0.028) and pulmonary artery velocity-time integral (r = -0.35; p = 0.043). Conclusion: In ≤ 32-week newborns under invasive mechanical ventilation, increases in the mean airway pressure and number of surfactant doses are correlated with the worsening of early cardiac function. Therefore, more aggressive management of respiratory distress syndrome may contribute to the hemodynamic instability of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/physiopathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Hemodynamics , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Time Factors , Infant, Premature , Prospective Studies , Age Factors , Gestational Age
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(4): 235-241, Aug. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841583

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) es una insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a edema pulmonar inflamatorio, con aumento de permeabilidad capilar, inundación alveolar e hipoxemia profunda subsiguiente. El trastorno subyacente es la presencia de shunt intrapulmonar, característicamente refractario a las FIO2 elevadas. El SDRA se manifiesta dentro de la semana de la exposición a un factor de riesgo, habitualmente neumonía, shock, sepsis, aspiración de contenido gástrico, trauma, y otros. En la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) la enfermedad frecuentemente aparece como no homogénea, con infiltrados gravitacionales coexistiendo con áreas normalmente aireadas y otras hiperinsufladas. La mortalidad es elevada (30-60%), especialmente en el SDRA secundario a shock séptico e injuria cerebral aguda. El tratamiento es el del factor de riesgo, junto con la ventilación mecánica que, inapropiadamente utilizada, puede también inducir injuria. El uso de un volumen corriente ≤ 6 ml/kg de peso corporal ideal como para mantener una presión de fin de inspiración (plateau) ≤ 30 cm H2O ("ventilación protectora") se asocia a una disminución de la mortalidad. Niveles de presión positiva de fin de espiración (PEEP) moderados-altos son frecuentemente necesarios para tratar la hipoxemia, pero no existe un único valor predeterminado o un método específico de titular PEEP para disminuir la mortalidad. Recientemente, la utilización precoz del decúbito prono en pacientes con PaO2/FIO2 ≤150 se asoció a un aumento de supervivencia. En la hipoxemia grave, pueden utilizarse adyuvantes de la ventilación mecánica como maniobras de reclutamiento, bloqueantes neuromusculares y oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea. La restricción en los fluidos resulta beneficiosa.


Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute respiratory failure produced by an inflammatory edema secondary to increased lung capillary permeability. This causes alveolar flooding and subsequently deep hypoxemia, with intrapulmonary shunt as its most important underlying mechanism. Characteristically, this alteration is unresponsive to high FIO2 and only reverses with end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP). Pulmonary infiltrates on CXR and CT are the hallmark, together with decreased lung compliance. ARDS always occurs within a week of exposition to a precipitating factor; most frequently pneumonia, shock, aspiration of gastric contents, sepsis, and trauma. In CT scan, the disease is frequently inhomogeneous, with gravitational infiltrates coexisting with normal-density areas and also with hyperaerated parenchyma. Mortality is high (30-60%) especially in ARDS associated with septic shock and neurocritical diseases. The cornerstone of therapy lies in the treatment of the underlying cause and in the use mechanical ventilation which, if inappropriately administered, can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury. Tidal volume ≤ 6 ml/kg of ideal body weight to maintain an end-inspiratory (plateau) pressure ≤ 30 cm H2O ("protective ventilation") is the only variable consistently associated with decreased mortality. Moderate-to-high PEEP levels are frequently required to treat hypoxemia, yet no specific level or titration strategy has improved outcomes. Recently, the use of early prone positioning in patients with PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 150 was associated with increased survival. In severely hypoxemic patients, it may be necessary to use adjuvants of mechanical ventilation as recruitment maneuvers, pressure-controlled modes, neuromuscular blocking agents, and extracorporeal-membrane oxygenation. Fluid restriction appears beneficial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Prognosis , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnostic imaging , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Risk Factors , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Prone Position , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Patient Positioning/methods , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/therapeutic use
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