Effect of cigarette smoke on counts of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils on the nasal mucosa in young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis / Efeito do tabagismo nas contagens de células imunorreativas a eotaxina-1 e eosinófilos na mucosa nasal em pacientes jovens com rinite alérgica perene

Abstract Introduction: In teenagers with perennial allergic rhinitis, exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke increases the count of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa; the recruitment of eosinophils arises from the combined action of a number of cellular and molecular signals, including eotaxin. Objective: To assess the effect of exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke on the count of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils on the nasal mucosa of children and teenagers with perennial allergic rhinitis. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, forty-four patients were evaluated (aged 7-19 years old): 22 with and 22 with no exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke. After replying to 2 validated questionnaires, on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and on the severity of nasal symptoms, nasal mucosal samples were obtained by scraping the middle one-third of the inferior turbinates. Then counts of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Patients with exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke showed higher cell counts of both eotaxin-1 and eosinophils than patients with no exposure to the smoke, with no correlation between the two variables. However, both counts, of eotaxin-1 and eosinophils, were related to the cotinine/creatinine ratio. Conclusions: Exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke can increase eotaxin-1 and the count of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Resumo Introdução: Em adolescentes com rinite alérgica perene, a exposição à fumaça do cigarro de tabaco aumenta a contagem de eosinófilos na mucosa nasal. O recrutamento de eosinófilos surge da ação combinada de alguns sinais celulares e moleculares, inclusive a eotaxina. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da exposição à fumaça do cigarro de tabaco na contagem de células imunorreativas a eotaxina-1 e eosinófilos na mucosa nasal de crianças e adolescentes com rinite alérgica perene. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 44 pacientes foram avaliados (entre sete e 19 anos): 22 com e 22 sem exposição à fumaça do cigarro de tabaco. Depois de responder a dois questionários validados, sobre asma e alergias na infância e sobre a gravidade dos sintomas nasais, as amostras de mucosa nasal foram obtidas por meio de raspagem do terço médio das conchas inferiores. Em seguida, as contagens de células imunorreativas para eotaxina-1 e eosinófilos foram avaliadas por imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: Os pacientes com exposição à fumaça do cigarro de tabaco apresentaram contagens de células mais elevadas tanto para eotaxina-1 como para eosinófilos em comparação com os pacientes sem exposição à fumaça, sem correlação entre as duas variáveis. No entanto, ambas as contagens, de eotaxina-1 e eosinófilos foram relacionadas com a razão cotinina/creatinina. Conclusões: A exposição à fumaça do cigarro de tabaco pode aumentar a eotaxina-1 e a contagem de eosinófilos na mucosa nasal de pacientes jovens com rinite alérgica perene.

La estria supranuclear de las células ciliadas en la rinitis alérgica / Supranuclear stria of ciliated cells in allergic rhinitis

Se estudiaron 80 pacientes adultos alérgicos, que cursaron con los siguientes cuadros clínicos: 16 casos de rinitis intermitente y 64 de rinitis persistente. Se realizó el recuento porcentual de la estría supranuclear de las células ciliadas, respecto de los leucocitos presentes en los extendidos obtenidos por toma endonasal. Con los datos obtenidos se clasificaron los extendidos en 4 grupos; Grupo A (N=23): predominio leucocitario eosinófilo con eosinofilia nasal >10%, Grupo B (N=15): abundantes leucocitos neutrófilos y eosinofilia nasal >10%, Grupo C (N=29): con escasos leucocitos, Grupo D (N=13): con abundantes leucocitos de predominio neutrófilo sin eosinofilia. Se observó que el incremento porcentual de estría supranuclear se correlacionó con eosinofilia nasal >10% y con las muestras que presentaron escasos leucocitos. Sin embargo se evidenció una marcada disminución del porcentaje de estría supranuclear en la leucocitosis neutrófila de etiología bacteriana.

Nasal secretions were studied in 80 allergic adults patients: 16 with intermittent rhinitis and 64 with persistent rhinitis. The percentage of supranuclear stria of ciliated cells with regard to leucocytes was studied by nasal scraping. Four groups of patients were classified according to nasal leucocytic predominance: patients with eosinophilic predominance with eosinophils > 10% in Group A (N=23), patients with abundant neutrophils and eosinophils >10% in Group B (N=15), patients with scant leucocytes in Group C (N=29), patients with neutrophilic predominance without eosinophils in Group D (N=13). An increase of supranuclear stria percentage was correlated to eosinophils > 10% and also correlated to scant leucocytes. Nevertheless, a significant decrease of supranuclear stria percentage was observed in neutrophilic leukocytosis of bacterial etiology.

Examination of the distribution of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

It is known that mast cells play an important role in pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. In this study, we investigated the distribution of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the pollen-season. This study was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Turkey, during the grass-pollen season between, March and July in 2002. Twenty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis [12 females and 8 males] and 20 healthy [10 females and 10 males] non-allergic controls were examined for the distribution and abundance of mast cells in nasal biopsies. Biopsies were performed in all patients and controls, once during natural provocation in the spring and were taken from the lower edge of the inferior turbinate using a forceps. The samples of nasal mucosa were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaline, stained with 0.5% aqueous toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin were examined under a light microscope. Mast cells were observed in the nasal mucosa obtained from 12 patients [60%] and 5 patients [25%] controls cases [p=0.025]. It was found out that intrapitelial mast cells are present in nasal mucosa samples of patients with SAR [seasonal allergic rhinitis] but not in the epithelium of non-allergic controls. The number of submucosal mast cells has considerably increased in the nasal mucosa samples of patients with SAR. Besides this, these cells are determined in great amounts in non-allergic individuals

Reactividad cutánea a alimentos en pacientes con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica / Food allergens in pacients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

La alergia ocular puede ser inducida por alimentos o por alergenos inhalantes; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios pediátricos al respecto. Objetivo: evaluar la relación de reactividad cutánea a alimentos y compararla con la de los inhalantes en pacientes pediátricos con rinoconjuntivitis. Método: se incluyeron 50 pacientes entre 6 y 16 años y se les realizaron pruebas a inhalantes y alimentos, IgE sérico total, citología de mucosa nasal y ocular. Para el análisis estadistico se utilizaron la prueba de T de Student no pareada, análisis de varianza de una vía, Ji cuadrada, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 9.1 años ñ 2.5 días. Las pruebas cutáneas resultaron positivas en 20 por ciento sólo para alimentos, 50 por ciento para inhalantes y 30 por ciento para ambos. Los alergenos alimentarios más frecuentes fueron mariscos, jitomate, arroz, cacahuate. El de los inhalantes fue Dermatophagoides pteronissinus. Se observó IgE sérica más elevada y citología ocular positiva en el grupo con respuesta positiva a alimentos, con diferencia significativa (p= 0.023) en relación con inhalantes. Conclusiones: en el grupo de estudio se encontraron pacientes con alergia ocular con alta frecuencia de hipersensibilidad a los alimentos (50 por ciento)

The Eosinophilic Changes in Rhinorrhea due to Nasal Allergy

Since the early part of the twentieth century, many authors have claimed that eosinophilia is found in the nasal secretions and blood of patients with allergic diseases. This observation has now become an established fact, and recent evidence based on extensive investigation, suggests that the eosinophil may play an active role in allergic disease. Thus, we report changes in nasal eosinophils in a group of nasal allergy patients treated by specific hyposensitization. The following results were obtained; 1. Eosinophilia was noted in 52.8 percent of untreated nasal allergy patients. 2. The eosinophilic count was gradually decreased with increasing S.D.V.(specific desensitizing vaccine) hyposensitization.