Rhinosporidiosis: the largest case series in Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infection of the mucous membrane and is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic mesomycetozoan. The mode of infection is probably transepithelial penetration. The large number of rivers and lakes and the strong presence of riparian populations in the State of Maranhão are strong predisposing factors for rhinosporidiosis. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary medical center situated in Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Twenty-five Maranhense patients diagnosed with rhinosporidiosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Most of the patients were children, adolescents and young adults (age range: 7-24 years, mean age: 14 years). The majority of the participants were male (84%), brown (76%), and students (92%). All lesions involved the entire nasal cavity and presented with a vascular polypoid mass. All patients were treated by surgical excision of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Rhinosporidiosis affects younger age groups, especially students from the countryside and the outskirts of urban areas. This study will aid and guide physicians in diagnosing and treating this infection in endemic areas.

Rhinosporidiosis in Raipur, Chhattisgarh: a report of 462 cases.

Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in the state of Chhattisgarh. 462 cases were encountered during the period of 12 years from January 1994 to December 2005. Maximum incidence was seen in men in the age group of 21-30 years. Nose and nasopharynx were the commonest site (81.1%), followed by ocular tissue (14.2%). Many rare sites of involvement were encountered. Seven cases of generalized rhinosporidiosis were seen. Rhinosporidium seeberi could be easily identified in Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Sporangias and spores are better delineated by periodic Acid Schiff, Mayer's mucicarmine, Verhoff's vonGieson and Grocott Gomori methamine silver stain.

Oculosporidiosis in a tertiary care hospital of western Orissa, India: a case series.

The authors present a case series of 54 subjects of Rhinosporidium. They were reported in two years at a tertiary care hospital of Western Orissa. The clinically diagnosed cases by ophthalmologists were confirmed by histopathological samples following surgery. In our series, we noted Rhinosporidium seeberi organisms as the main causative agent. Males were affected three times more than females. Children less than 10 years of age comprised more than 50% of our series. In 91% of cases, the conjunctiva was the site of this infection. Total excision of fungal mass was carried out in all cases and two cases had recurrence between 9 and 12 months following intervention. Although this is an endemic area for such infestation, unilateral manifestation observed in all cases is interesting to note. Low recurrence rate in limited follow-up period could be due to early detection and standard management.

Rhinosporidiosis--a clinicopathological study of 34 cases.

Rhinosporidiosis was the commonest (68%) fungal lesion encountered during the period of 11 1/2 years from January 1987 to July 1998. Men in 2nd, 3rd, 4th decade were commonly affected. Nose and nasopharynx were the commonest (85%) sites involved followed by ocular tissue (9%). One patient had involvement of bone (tibia). Generally a lymphoplasmacytic response was observed in all cases. Polymorphonuclear leukocytic response mostly observed at the site of rupture of sporangia. Epithelioid cell granulomatous and giant cell response observed in 47% of cases. Transepithelial migration of sporangia observed in 76% of cases. Rhinosporidium seeberi could be easily identified in haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. The walls of young trophic forms are delineated well with the PAS stain and verhoeff van Gieson stain.

Reporte del primer caso de rinosporidiosis en la provincia Ciego de Avila, Cuba / First case report of rhinosporidiosis at Ciego de Avila, Cuba

Se presenta el primer caso de rinosporidiosis diagnosticado en la provincia Ciego de Avila, Cuba, analizándose las características clinico epidemiológicas del caso. Paciente de 13 años de edad, de sexo masculino, proveniente de un área rural que presentaba localización nasal de las lesiones. Se revisa la literatura al respecto

Incidence and clinicopathological studies on rhinosporidiosis in Tamil Nadu.

A clinicopathological study on 83 cases of rhinosporidiosis attended at Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital during 1979 to 1984 from Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu revealed its endemicity. The season has no apparent influence on the incidence probably due to chronicity of the disease. The incidence was mostly seen in 11-30 years age group (57/83). Males were predominantly affected (60/83). Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, bleeding and clotting times were within the normal range. Urinalysis revealed no abnormal constituents. Haematological examination revealed that the haemoglobin level was below normal ranges (males-8.58 g/dl; females-7.71 g/dl). Though the total leucocyte counts were found to be normal the differential count showed a slight monocytosis (males-8.39%, females-9.17%).

Rhinosporidiosis in Bankura.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium Seeberi. Although a variety of sites may be affected, the principal site of infection is the nasal mucosa, the disease is endemic in India and Sri Lanka, smaller series are also described from East Africa and parts of America, but it is very rare in Europe. The 116 cases seen in the Medical College at Bankura during January 1983 to December 1987 are presented here. The disease is more prevalant in males and in the second decade of life. Excision by diathermy knife and electrocautery of the base proved to be helpful to prevent recurrence.