Avaliação da eficácia de taboa (Typha domingensis Pers.) e batata-de-purga [Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F. Austin & Staples] in natura sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos, naturalmente infectados, em clima semi-árido / Evaluation of the effectiveness of "taboa" (Typha domingensis Pers.) and "batata-de-purga" [Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D.F. Austin & Staples] in natura on gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, naturally infected, in the semi-arid region

Avaliou-se a eficácia da Typha domingensis (taboa) e da Operculina hamiltonii (batata-de-purga) in natura sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos, naturalmente infectados, em clima semi-árido. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos da raça Moxotó, e o rizoma da taboa e a raiz da batata-de-purga, avaliados através da fitoquímica. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias zero, sete e 25, após, o tratamento da contagem de OPG. Os animais foram distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Grupo I tratado com Moxidectina 0,2 por cento em dose única de 0,5 mg Kg-1; o Grupo II tratado com Taboa na dose (10 g 20 Kg-1 peso vivo); Grupo III com batata-de-purga na dose de 9 g 20 Kg-1 p.v.; Grupo IV tratado com taboa 10 g 20 Kg-1 p.v. associada a batata 9 g 20 Kg-1 p.v. durante três dias consecutivos, todos administrados oralmente e o Grupo V como grupo controle. Os grupos tratados apresentaram redução no número médio de OPG aos 7 e 25 dias pós-tratamento, quando comparado com o grupo controle no respectivo período, sendo a batata-de-purga com maior redução aos 7 e a taboa aos 25 dias. A maior eficácia foi da batata-de-purga de 84 por cento e 70 por cento, nos dias 7 e 25 pós-tratamento. Verificou-se que a batata-de-purga foi eficaz no controle de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos no clima semi-árido e que a taboa associada com a batata tem potencial para serem utilizadas em programas alternativos de controle parasitário.

The effectiveness of Typha domingensis ("taboa") and Operculina hamiltonii ("batata-de-purga") in natura was evaluated on gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, naturally infected, in the semi-arid region. Thirty Moxotó goats were used, and the rhizome of "taboa" and the root of "batata-de-purga" were analyzed through phytochemistry. Feces were collected on days zero, seven and 25 after the treatment for FECs. The distribution of animals was completely at random, with five treatments and six replicates. Group I was treated with Moxidectin 0.2 percent in a single dose of 0.5 mg kg-1; Group II was treated with "taboa" at the dose of 10 g 20 Kg-1 body weight; Group III was treated with "batata-de-purga" at the dose of 9 g 20 Kg-1 b.w.; Group IV was treated with "taboa" at 10 g 20 Kg-1 b.w. associated with "batata-de-purga" at 9 g 20 Kg-1 b.w. during three consecutive days. All treatments were orally administered and Group V was used as control. Treated groups showed a reduction in the average number of FECs at seven and 25 days post-treatment when compared to the control group in the respective period; "batata de purga" had a greater reduction at seven days, while "taboa" showed a more pronounced reduction at 25 days. The highest effectiveness was observed for "batata de purga": 84 percent and 70 percent at seven and 25 days post treatment. "Batata-de-purga" was effective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in the semi-arid climate and "taboa" associated with "batata de purga" have the potential to be used in alternative programs for parasite control.

[Evaluation of chubak aqueous extract in parasite decontamination on vegetables and comparison with commercial detergent in Sari]

Use of surfactants and chemicals for washing and parasite decontamination from vegetables is not recommend-ed by W.H.O. due to it's penetration in vegetables parenchyma and probable cause of improper taste and odor and toxicity. Some surveys showed "soap-roots" rhizomes [Chubak] to contain Saponin like constituents. Those are effective on surface tension reduction and so are prefered to chemical washers. This research was designed to study plant effect on Parasite removal from vegetables and it's comparison with disinfectant and commercial detergent in Sari City [Mazandaran Province-north of Iran]. "Soap-roots" aqueous extract [1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent] was prepared from the Acanthophyllum squarrosum [Caryophyllaceae] rhizome by maceration method. 100 g of parsley vegetable samples was taken randomly from shopping centers. The samples were placed in contact with "Soap-roots" aqueous extract for zero and 15 minutes according to the W.H.O. guidelines. Then the effluent was centrifuged and evaluated for parasite decontamination as qualitatively and quantitatively by Mc-master counting slide [0.3 mm]. In addition in this research parasite decontamination by commercial detergent [10%] was performed with contact times 0 and 15 minutes and also pure water as blank. Maximum parasite decontamination by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract and commercial detergent [10%] at 0 minute contact time obtained was 84 and 97 parasite eggs [parasite], respectively. Also maximum parasite decontamination by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract and commercial detergent [10%] and blank water at 15 minutes contact time obtained was 230, 26 and 64 parasite ova [parasite], respectively. In this research the best parasite decontamination range by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract was obtained at concentrations of 10 to 20% and contact time of 15 minutes. Quantitavely, maximum parasite ova [parasite] decontamination from vegetable samples by "Soap-roots" aqueous extract [10%] and 15 minutes contact time released 230 parasites. This numbers included 22 alive and active nematode larva, 197 alive larvas and 20 Parameciumia