Analgesic effect of ropivacaine after arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligament in athletes / Efeito analgésico da ropivacaína após reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento em atletas / El efecto de la ropivacaína en el dolor después de la reconstrucción artroscópica de ligamentos de un atleta

ABSTRACT After arthroscopic ligament reconstruction, athletes still need to go through a postoperative rehabilitation training period and suffer the possible pain that can go from moderate to severe. Commonly used analgesic medications, ropivacaine and fentanyl have the effect of relieving athletes' pain. To study the analgesic effect of ropivacaine on arthroscopic reconstruction of the knee ligament, the steps of reconstruction and pharmacology of ropivacaine were first introduced. Next, the analgesic effects of ropivacaine and fentanyl in 86 athletes were compared on muscle strength recovery, patient satisfaction, and pain score. The results showed that the satisfaction of patients with ropivacaine was 95.35%, and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was only 9.30%. These results indicate that ropivacaine has a better analgesic effect in arthroscopic reconstruction of the knee ligament in athletes, which is suitable for postoperative rehabilitation.

RESUMO Após a reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento, os atletas ainda precisam passar por um longo período de treinamento pós-operatório de reabilitação e suportar a possível dor de moderada a severa. Os medicamentos analgésicos ropivacaina e fentanilo comumente utilizados têm o efeito de aliviar a dor dos atletas. Para estudar o efeito analgésico da ropivacaína na reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento do joelho foram introduzidos, em primeiro lugar, os passos da reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento e os da farmacologia da ropivacaína. Em seguida, os efeitos analgésicos da ropivacaína e o fentanilo em 86 atletas foram comparados com a recuperação na força muscular, na satisfação do paciente e na pontuação da dor. Os resultados mostraram que a satisfação dos doentes com a ropivacaína chegava a 95.35%, e a incidência de reações adversas pós-operatórias foi apenas de 9.30%. Estes resultados indicam que a ropivacaína tem melhor efeito analgésico na reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento do joelho, o que é adequado para a reabilitação pós-operatória.

RESUMEN Después de la reconstrucción artroscópica del ligamento, los atletas aun precisan pasar por un largo período de entrenamiento posoperatorio de rehabilitación y soportar el posible dolor que puede ir de moderado a severo. Los medicamentos analgésicos, ropivacaína y fentanilo que son comúnmente utilizados, tienen el efecto de aliviar el dolor de los atletas. Para estudiar el efecto analgésico de la ropivacaína en la reconstrucción artroscópica del ligamento de la rodilla fueron introducidos, en primer lugar, los pasos de la reconstrucción y de la farmacología de la ropivacaína. Enseguida, los efectos analgésicos de la ropivacaína y el fentanilo en 86 atletas fueron comparados en la recuperación de la fuerza muscular, en la satisfacción del paciente y en la puntuación del dolor. Los resultados mostraron que la satisfacción de los pacientes con la ropivacaína llegaba a 95.35%, y la incidencia de reacciones adversas posoperatorias fue apenas de 9.30%. Estos resultados indican que la ropivacaína tiene mejor efecto analgésico en la reconstrucción artroscópica del ligamento de la rodilla de los atletas, lo que es adecuado para la rehabilitación posoperatoria.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomized double blind prospective study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine on brachial plexus block in patients scheduled for elective shoulder arthroscopy.@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II, scheduled for elective shoulder arthroscopy, were randomly divided into three groups. In group R (n=30), the patients were given 10 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine in branchial plexus block (interscalene approach guided by ultrasound), in group D1 (n=30), the patients were given 10 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine (interscalene approach guided by ultrasound) + dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/(kg×h) (intravenous pump infusion), and in group D2 (n=30), the patients were given 10 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine (interscalene approach guided by ultrasound) + dexedetomidine 0.7 μg/(kg×h) (intravenous pump infusion). To evaluate the effect of brachial plexus block before general anesthesia. Group D1 and group D2 were given dexmedetomidine intravenously for 1.0 μg/kg during 10 min, then the drug was pumped by 0.2 μg/(kg×h) and 0.7 μg/(kg×h) respectively until 30 min before the operation finished. Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and before anesthesia (T0), 10 min (T1), 30 min (T2) after giving dexmedetomidine, discontinue medication (T3), after operation (T4), and extubation (T5) were investigated. Motor and sensory block onset times, block durations, and duration of analgesia were recorded. The scores of pain after operation and the adverse effects of shiver, hypopiesia, drowsiness, and blood loss were recorded during operation.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group R, the duration of analgesia and duration of sensory block in group D1 and group D2 were significant longer (P<0.01), there was no significant difference between groups D1 and D2 (P>0.05). Compared with group R, at each time point of T1-T5, the heart rate and systolic blood pressure in group D1 and group D2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with D1 group, the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in group D2 were significantly different (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Intravenous dexmedetomidine could prolong the duration of analgesia time and sensory block within the brachial plexus block, inhibiting the stress response during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Compared with high-dose, low-dose can provide safer and better clinical effect and reduce the adverse effects of dexmedetomidine.