Ações para segurança na prescrição, uso e administração de medicamentos em unidades de pronto atendimento / Acciones para la seguridad en la prescripción, consumo y administración de medicamentos en una unidad de pronta atención / Actions for safety in the prescription, use and administration of medications in emergency care units

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar os riscos e incidentes relacionados ao processo de terapia medicamentosa no cenário de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) e propor ações de gerenciamento e práticas seguras, na percepção da equipe de enfermagem. MÉTODO Pesquisa qualitativa, na modalidade pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida no cenário de uma UPA, localizada no interior de São Paulo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e grupos focais com 33 profissionais, entre junho de 2015 a abril de 2016. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO A partir dos relatos dos participantes foram organizadas categorias temáticas, sendo os riscos e incidentes relacionados ao processo de terapia medicamentosa uma das categorias elencadas, assim como propostas de ações. CONCLUSÃO O estudo possibilitou a implementação de ações de segurança ao paciente relacionadas à administração de medicamentos em uma UPA, oferecendo maior qualidade do cuidado.

Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar cuáles son los riesgos e incidentes relacionados con el proceso de terapia medicamentosa en una Unidad de Pronta Atención (UPA) y presentar propuestas de acciones de gestión y prácticas seguras en la percepción del equipo de enfermería. MÉTODO Investigación cualitativa, en la modalidad investigación-acción, desarrollada en el escenario de una UPA, ubicada en el interior de San Pablo. Se recolectaron los datos a través de entrevistas y grupos focales con 33 profesionales, entre junio de 2015 y abril de 2016. Para procesar los datos, se utilizó la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN A partir de los relatos de los participantes, se organizaron categorías temáticas, siendo los riesgos e incidentes relacionados al proceso de terapia medicamentosa una de las categorías enumeradas, así como las propuestas de acciones. CONCLUSIÓN El estudio permitió implementar acciones de seguridad del paciente relacionadas con la administración de medicamentos en una UPA, ofreciendo mayor calidad del cuidado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify what risks and incidents related to the drug therapy process are presented in an Emergency Care Unit (UPA) and to present proposals for management actions and safe practices, in the perception of the nursing team. Method: Qualitative research, in the research-action modality, developed in the scenario of UPA, located in the interior of São Paulo. Data collection was done through interviews and focus groups with 33 professionals, between June 2015 and April 2016. For the data treatment, the Content Analysis Technique was used. Results and discussion: From the participants' reports, thematic categories were organized, with the risks and incidents related to the drug therapy process being one of the listed categories, as well as proposals for actions. Conclusion: The study allowed the implementation of patient safety actions related to the administration of drugs in a PAU, offering a higher quality of care.

GOVERNAMENTALIDADES NEOLIBERAIS E DISPOSITIVOS DE SEGURANÇA / GOVERNAMENTALIDADES Y DISPOSITIVOS DE SEGURIDAD NEOLIBERAL / NEOLIBERAL GOVERNMENTALITY AND SAFETY DEVICES

Este artigo visa a realizar um debate teórico por meio das análises de Michel Foucault e de Robert Castel, entre outros, a respeito dos mecanismos de segurança e das estratégias de governamentalidade neoliberal, na sociedade contemporânea. Os cursos Em defesa da sociedade, Segurança, território e população e Nascimento da Biopolítica, de Foucault, inauguraram uma discussão relevante a respeito dos racismos de Estado e de sociedade, de seus paradoxos, nas democracias, e de seus efeitos a partir da emergência do neoliberalismo norte-americano e alemão, após a II Guerra Mundial, que foram difundidos em outros países, sobretudo na década de noventa do século XX, com especificidades em cada país, mas com pontos de conexão que nos permitem traçar um diagrama da sociedade de segurança e de como ela opera por táticas de governo das condutas, também denominadas governamentalidades, por Foucault...

Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un debate teórico a través del análisis de Michel Foucault y Robert Castel, entre otros, en relación con los mecanismos y estrategias de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal en la sociedad contemporánea de seguridad. Cursos En defensa de la sociedad, Seguridad, territorio, población y Nacimiento de la biopolítica, Foucault, inauguraron una discusión relevante del racismo de Estado y la sociedad, sus paradojas, en las democracias, y su efecto sobre la aparición de neoliberalismo americano y alemán, después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, que se emite en otros países, especialmente en los años noventa del siglo XX, con las especificidades de cada país, pero con puntos de conexión que nos permiten dibujar un diagrama de la empresa de seguridad y su funcionamiento por las tácticas del gobierno de los conductos, también llamado governamentalidades por Foucault...

This article aims at a theoretical debate through the analysis of Michel Foucault and Robert Castel, among others, about the security mechanisms and strategies of neoliberal governmentality in contemporary society. Foucault's courses In defense of society, Security, territory and population and The Birth of Biopolitics have opened a relevant discussion about the racism of state and society, its paradoxes in democracies, and effects on the emergence of North America and Germany's neoliberalism after World War II, which was broadcast to other countries, especially in the nineties of the twentieth century, with each country's specificities, but with connection points that allow us to draw a diagram of how society security operates for the conduct of government tactics, also called governmentality by Foucault...

Galactose oxidation using 13C in healthy and galactosemic children

Galactosemia is an inborn error of galactose metabolism that occurs mainly as the outcome of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. The ability to assess galactose oxidation following administration of a galactose-labeled isotope (1-13C-galactose) allows the determination of galactose metabolism in a practical manner. We aimed to assess the level of galactose oxidation in both healthy and galactosemic Brazilian children. Twenty-one healthy children and seven children with galactosemia ranging from 1 to 7 years of age were studied. A breath test was used to quantitate 13CO2 enrichment in exhaled air before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after the oral administration of 7 mg/kg of an aqueous solution of 1-13C-galactose to all children. The molar ratios of 13CO2 and 12CO2 were quantified by the mass/charge ratio (m/z) of stable isotopes in each air sample by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. In sick children, the cumulative percentage of 13C from labeled galactose (CUMPCD) in the exhaled air ranged from 0.03% at 30 min to 1.67% at 120 min. In contrast, healthy subjects showed a much broader range in CUMPCD, with values from 0.4% at 30 min to 5.58% at 120 min. The study found a significant difference in galactose oxidation between children with and without galactosemia, demonstrating that the breath test is useful in discriminating children with GALT deficiencies.

La salud de los trabajadores y la Tropical Oil Company: Barrancabermeja, 1916-1940 / The workers health and the Tropical Oil Company Barrancabermeja, 1916-1940

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre la salud de los trabajadores en los procesos de exploración y explotación petrolera adelantados en el país en la denominada Concesión de Mares, entre 1916 y 1940. Se construyó una periodización que busca dar cuenta del lugar de la problemática de la Fiebre Amarilla y las enfermedades tropicales en la situación sanitaria de la actividad petrolera en este periodo y región, pasando de ocupar un lugar central a ser desplazadas por la accidentalidad. El periodo inicial se caracteriza por la desprotección a que se ven sometidos los trabajadores al comienzo de las actividades productivas petroleras, entre 1916 y 1920; el segundo periodo se define por la implementación de medidas de protección, en el marco de un conflicto laboral con un gran peso de la problemática sanitaria, entre 1921 y 1928; y en el tercer periodo se consolida la iniciativa empresarial para hacer de la salud un dispositivo de control, pero que se acompaña de la persistencia de conflictos laborales importantes en que la accidentalidad tiene una presencia notoria, entre 1929 y 1940. Finalmente se identifican aspectos a profundizar para una caracterización de la configuración de la salud de los trabajadores petroleros en la Concesión de Mares.

This article analyses the health of workers engaged in oil exploration and exploitation in Colombia during the time of the so-called De Mares concession from 1916 to 1940. Periodisation was constructed which sought to account for yellow fever and tropical diseases within the sanitary situation related to oil exploration and exploitation during this period and region and how it became displaced from its central position by accidentally. The initial period was characterised by the lack of protection to which the workers were subjected at the start of oil-producing activities between 1916 and 1920. The second period was defined by implementing means of protection within the framework of a labour dispute accompanied by the sanitary problem's great burden between 1921 and 1928. The third period (1929 to 1940) dealt with entrepreneurial initiative becoming consolidated so as to make health become a control device, even though this was accompanied by the persistence of important labour disputes in which accidentality had a notable presence. Aspects are identified which should be gone into in greater depth for characterising oil-workers' health at the time of the De Mares concession.

Assessment of Grenada's capacity to implement the Biosafety Protocol

Grenada's capacity to manage risks posed by living modified organisms (LMOs) is augmented through an Organization of American States funded project called "Biosafety Regulations in Latin America and the Caribbean under the International Biosafety Protocol" The Project is implemented in six countries in Central America and the Caribbean is designed to identify the weaknesses and needs of participating countries in managing of risks posed by LMOs, while also developing a trusting environment for maximizing the benefits of the modern biotechnology industry. The results of the study indicated that the Grenada's legal and institutional framework is not fully conducive for the implementation of the Biosafety Protocol. Specifically, a number of constraints exists which included, limited competencies in risk assessment and management; inadequate legal framework; lack of an established administrative arrangement for risk management; lack of coherence in policies and programs among key implementing agencies; lack of, and/or insignificant awareness among the populace of the implications of biotechnology and inadequate systems of information exchange. To augment national capacity to successfully implement the Cartagena Protocol, training would be needed in the developing relevant legal instruments; conducting risk assessments and developing more effective platforms for information exchange.

Trauma por la inseguridad ciudadana y la violencia: impunidad y política criminal / Trauma by citizen insecurity and the violence: impunity and criminal policy

El derrumbe del derecho contravencional costarricense, gestado por un experimento universitario y provocado por los fallos de la Sala Constitucional; los elevados índices de impunidad disparados en los últimos cinco años; el incremento en la atrocidad y frecuencia de los crímenes comentidos contra niños y mujeres; el olvido y abandono de las víctimas en el derecho penal y procesal penal; la alcahuetería punitiva y la falta de una definida política criminal costarricense, son los factores que traumatizan a nuestra sociedad. Palabras clave: Agresión infantil, seguridad pública, impunidad, violencia, violencia doméstica, delitos, contravenciones, estrés por inseguridad, código penal, policía, sanciones, proceso penal.