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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 58(3): 1049-1067, Sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637980

ABSTRACT

Genetic methods for the reintroduction of primates Saguinus, Aotus and Cebus (Primates: Cebidae) seized in Bogota, Colombia. Primates are one of more confiscated taxa by the environmental authorities in Bogota, Colombia. During 2008, 133 monkeys were confiscated; samples from 115 of them were sequenced by the mitochondrial cythocrome oxidase II gene (mtCOII) and 112 sequences obtained were of high quality. These sequences were compared with those obtained by our research group from individuals directly sampled in the field, with precise geographic origin. So, a more specific geographic area of the Colombian territory could be considered for a correct rehabilitation treatment during the reintroduction of these confiscated animals. The main results with five primate species were: 1- For all the specimens analyzed of Saguinus leucopus, they could be liberated in any geographical area of its distribution range, since only one gene pool was found. 2- For the 14 Aotus sp. individuals sequenced from the SDA (Environmental District Secretariat), one of them (A. vociferans) was coming from the Amazon, seven exemplars belonged to A. griseimembra from the Magdalena Valley and the Colombian Caribbean coasts, four individuals represented to A. brumbacki from the Colombian Eastern Llanos, and two were associated to A. azarae azarae from Northern Argentina and Paraguay (which means that illegal traffic of animals is arriving to Colombia from other South-American countries). 3-Out 14 Cebus albifrons sequenced, two belonged to the geographical area of C. a. versicolor, one to C. a. pleei, 10 to C. a. leucocephalus and one could be not assigned because its sequence yielded a great genetic divergence with respect to the other specimens sequenced of this species. 4- The two Cebus capucinus sequenced showed to be associated to a gene pool found in the Northern of Chocó, Sucre and Córdoba Departments. 5- Out 11 Cebus apella sequenced, 10 showed to belong to the gene pool presented in the Colombian Eastern Llanos and highly related (but differentiable) to Cebus apella apella from the French Guyana. It could be named C. a. fatuellus sensu Groves (2001). One exemplar sequenced could be not related with the other C. apella analyzed, nor the related taxa to the aforementioned species (C. a. paraguayanus =C. cay; C. xanthosternos; C. nigritus). Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1049-1067. Epub 2010 September 01.


Los primates son uno de los grupos de mamíferos más decomisados por la autoridades ambientales (SDA) en Bogotá, Colombia. Un total de 133 primates fueron confiscados en Bogotá durante el año 2008 y mantenidos en las instalaciones de la SDA. De ellos, 115 fueron secuenciados para el gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa II (mtCOII) y en 112 ejemplares, las secuencias obtenidas fueron de alta calidad. Esas secuencias se compararon con las obtenidas para ejemplares muestreados directamente en campo por nuestro grupo de investigación y con origen geográfico conocido. De ese modo, se pudo determinar las áreas geográficas, en el territorio colombiano, donde pueden liberarse esos ejemplares después del tratamiento de rehabilitación oportuno. Los resultados principales para las cinco especies de primates fueron como siguen: 1- Para Saguinus leucopus, los animales analizados pueden ser liberados en cualquier área geográfica dentro del rango de distribución de la especie, ya que solo se detectó un acervo genético sin estructura espacial. 2- Para los 14 Aotus sp. secuenciados procedentes de la SDA, se determinó que: uno de ellos pertenecía a A. vociferans, propio de la Amazonía; siete ejemplares pertenecieron a A. griseimembra, propio del valle del Magdalena hasta la costa Caribe colombiana; cuatro ejemplares representaron a A. brumbacki, de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia; y dos ejemplares se asociaron con A. azarae azarae del norte de Argentina y Paraguay, con lo cual se muestra que en Colombia se está recibiendo fauna ilegal procedente de otros países. 3- De los 14 Cebus albifrons secuenciados, dos pertenecieron al área geográfica de distribución de C. a. versicolor; uno al de C. a. pleei, 10 al de C. a. leucocephalus, y uno no pudo ser asignado ya que su secuencia mostraba gran divergencia respecto a los otros ejemplares secuenciados de esta especie. 4- Los dos Cebus capucinus secuenciados mostraron estar asociados a un acervo genético encontrado en el norte del Chocó, Sucre y Córdoba. 5- De 11 Cebus apella secuenciados, 10 mostraron pertenecer al acervo genético que se encuentra en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia y altamente relacionado a Cebus apella apella de la Guyana Francesa, aunque podrían representar un acervo propio de Colombia, C. a. fatuellus sensu Groves (2001). Un individuo no pudo ser relacionado con ningún grupo de los otros C. apella estudiados, ni con los taxones relacionados a la especie mencionada, pero, probablemente, con su propio estatus taxonómico (C. a. paraguayanus = C. cay, C. xanthosternos, C. nigritus).


Subject(s)
Animals , Aotidae/genetics , Cebus/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Saguinus/genetics , Colombia , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
2.
Genet. mol. biol ; 29(2): 215-219, 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-432689

ABSTRACT

The Saguinus represent the basal genus of the Callitrichinae subfamily. Traditionally this genus is divided into three groups: Hairy, Mottled and Bare-face, however, molecular data failed to validate these groups as monophyletic units, as well as raised some subspecies to the species status. This is the case of the former subspecies Saguinus midas midas and S. midas niger, which are now considered as different species. In the present study, we sequenced a portion of the D-loop mtDNA region in populations from the East bank of the Xingu and from both banks of the Tocantins river, in order to test the effectiveness of large rivers as barriers to the gene flow in Saguinus. According to our results, the populations from the East and West banks of the Tocantins river are more divergent than true species like S. mystax and S. imperator. The Tocantins river may be acting as a barrier to gene flow, and consequently these very divergent populations may represent distinct taxonomic entities (species?).


Subject(s)
Animals , DNA, Mitochondrial , Gene Flow , Saguinus/genetics , Base Sequence , Brazil , Saguinus/classification
3.
Genet. mol. biol ; 23(1): 35-42, Mar. 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-283053

ABSTRACT

Seqüências tipo mitocondriais têm comumente sido encontradas no genoma nuclear de diversos organismos. Quando acidentalmente incluídas em estudos de seqüências mitocondriais, diversas conclusöes erröneas podem ser obtidas. No entanto, estes pseudogenes nucleares tipo mitocondriais podem ser usados para a estimativa da taxa relativa de evoluçäo de genes mitocondriais e também como grupo externo em análises filogenéticas. No presente trabalho, seqüências mitocondriais com características do tipo de pseudogene, tais como deleçöes e/ou inserçöes e códons de parada, foram encontradas em tamarins (Saguinus spp., Callitrichinae, Primates). A análise filogenética permitiu a estimativa do tempo da migraçäo da seqüência mitocondrial para o genoma nuclear e algumas inferências filogenéticas. A escolha de um grupo externo näo adequado (Aotus infulatus) näo permitiu uma reconstruçäo filogenética confiável da subfamília Callitrichinae. A divergência bastante antiga de Cebidae (Callitrichinae, Aotinae e Cebinae) pode ter favorecido o aparecimento de homoplasias, obscurecendo a análise.


Subject(s)
Animals , DNA, Mitochondrial , Genome , Saguinus/genetics , Base Sequence
4.
Rev. bras. genét ; 13(1): 89-96, mar. 1990. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-94226

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados citogenéticamente 6 especimes de S.m. midas procedentes das margens do Rio Jari (Regiäo Amazônica Brasileira). Todos os animais apresentaram 2n = 46. Um dos animais apresentou diferença no padräo de Banda C do par 9. Os padröes de bandeamentos obtidos foram comparados com os previamente descritos para S.m. niger. As duas subespécies diferem apenas pela variaçäo na quantidade de heterocromatina constitutiva, que é maior no par 7 e no cromossomo Y de S.m. midas


Subject(s)
Cytogenetics , Genetic Variation , Karyotyping , Saguinus/genetics , Brazil , Chromosome Banding
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