Detection of Heparin in the Salivary Gland and Midgut of Aedes togoi

Mosquitoes secrete saliva that contains biological substances, including anticoagulants that counteract a host's hemostatic response and prevent blood clotting during blood feeding. This study aimed to detect heparin, an anticoagulant in Aedes togoi using an immunohistochemical detection method, in the salivary canal, salivary gland, and midgut of male and female mosquitoes. Comparisons showed that female mosquitoes contained higher concentrations of heparin than male mosquitoes. On average, the level of heparin was higher in blood-fed female mosquitoes than in non-blood-fed female mosquitoes. Heparin concentrations were higher in the midgut than in the salivary gland. This indicates presence of heparin in tissues of A. togoi.

Estudo estereológico dos diferentes componentes estruturais de glândulas submandibulares de ratos machos e fêmeas / Stereological study of the various morphologic structures of male and female rat submandibular glands

Na presente pesquisa, avaliou-se as dimensöes morfométricas de ácinos, ductos intercalares, ductos excretores e estroma de glândulas submandibulares de ratos de ambos os sexos. A análise dos resultados mostrou que: a) a massa glandular dos machos foi 42 por cento maior do que nas fêmeas; b) os ácinos exibiram densidade de volume, densidade de superfície e relaçäo superfície-volume maiores nas fêmeas e volume nuclear e volume total do compartimento maiores nos machos; c) as densidades de volume e superfície do compartimento dos ductos intercalares foram maiores nas fêmeas e o seu volume nuclear foi maior nos machos; d) a densidade de superfície dos ductos excretores foi maior nos animais fêmeas; e) o volume total do estroma foi significativamente maior nos machos; f) o número absoluto de células do estroma foi maior nos animais machos, e nos demais compartimentos näo se observou diferenças estatisticamente significantes; g) o número de ácinos foi semelhante nos machos e fêmeas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as glândulas submandibulares dos ratos machos exibem diferenças detectáveis pela morfometria, nos compartimentos dos ácinos, ductos intercalares, ductos excretores e estroma em relaçäo às fêmeas

The maturation of convoluted granular tubule cells from mouse submandibular glands during its postnatal development: increase in the cell size

We studied the evolution of nuclear and cytoplasmic volume and of the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio of convoluted granular tubule secretory cells in the submandibular glands of male albino Swiss mice at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 56 days of age. Nuclear volume was measured on 0.25um sections by morphometric method of Bach and the volume densities of nucleus and cytoplasm were determined by point-count volmetry. The date were used to calculate the cytoplasm/nucleus ratio and cytoplasmic volume. The nuclear volume of convoluted tubule cells decreased by 44.6% over the study period, where as the cytoplasmic volume increased markedly by 126.2% from 21 to 35 days of postnatal life, with no statiscally significant increases occurring thereafter. The cytoplasm/nucleus ratio increased by 331.3% over the study period