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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(4): 410-416, July-Aug. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755963

ABSTRACT

AbstractINTRODUCTION:

The saliva of mosquitoes has an important role in the transmission of several diseases, including malaria, and contains substances with vasomodulating and immunomodulating effects to counteract the host physiological mechanisms and enhance pathogen transmission. As immunomodulatory components, salivary gland proteins can induce the generation of specific IgG antibodies in the host, which can be used as specific biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles sundaicus . The objective of this study was to identify immunogenic proteins from the salivary glands of Anopheles sundaicus by reaction with sera from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas who are thus exposed to Anopheles mosquitoes.

METHODS:

IgG antibodies targeting salivary gland proteins in serum samples from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from healthy individuals living in non-endemic areas were used as negative controls. Determination of the presence of salivary gland immunogenic proteins was carried out by western blotting.

RESULTS:

Sixteen bands appeared in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with molecule weights ranging from 22 to 144kDa. Among the exposed individuals, IgG responses to salivary gland proteins were variable. Protein bands with molecular weights of 46, 41, 33, and 31kDa were the most immunogenic. These immunogenic proteins were consistently recognized by pooled serum and individual samples from people living in malaria-endemic areas but not by negative controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results support the potential use of immunogenic proteins from the salivary glands of Anopheles as candidate markers of bite exposure or in malaria vaccines.

.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Anopheles/immunology , Insect Proteins/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Anopheles/chemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Insect Proteins/analysis , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/analysis
2.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 15-34, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-95047

ABSTRACT

Immunoglobulin G4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) is a recently defined emerging entity characterized by a diffuse or mass forming inflammatory reaction rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells associated with fibrosclerosis and obliterative phlebitis. IgG4-RSD usually affects middle aged and elderly patients, with a male predominance. It is associated with an elevated serum titer of IgG4, which acts as a marker for this recently characterized entity. The prototype is IgG4-related sclerosing pancreatitis or autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Other common sites of involvement are the hepatobiliary tract, salivary gland, orbit, and lymph node, however practically any organ can be involved, including upper aerodigestive tract, lung, aorta, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, soft tissue, skin, central nervous system, breast, kidney, and prostate. Fever or constitutional symptoms usually do not comprise part of the clinical picture. Laboratory findings detected include raised serum globulin, IgG and IgG4. An association with autoantibody detection (such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor) is seen in some cases. Steroid therapy comprises the mainstay of treatment. Disease progression with involvement of multiple organ-sites may be encountered in a subset of cases and may follow a relapsing-remitting course. The principal histopathologic findings in several extranodal sites include lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, lymphoid follicle formation, sclerosis and obliterative phlebitis, along with atrophy and destruction of tissues. Immunohistochemical staining shows increased IgG4+ cells in the involved tissues (>50 per high-power field, with IgG4/IgG ratio >40%). IgG4-RSD may potentially be rarely associated with the development of lymphoma and carcinoma. However, the nature and pathogenesis of IgG4-RSD are yet to be fully elucidated and provide immense scope for further studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Lacrimal Apparatus/immunology , Lymphatic Diseases/immunology , Pancreatitis, Chronic/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Sclerosis/immunology
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(7): 1019-1022, Nov. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-534169

ABSTRACT

Bihar, India has been in the grip of kala-azar for many years. Its rampant and severe spread has made life miserable in most parts of the state. Such conditions require a comprehensive understanding of this affliction. The numbers coming out of the districts prone to the disease in the north and south Ganges have provided us with several startling revelations, as there are striking uniformities on both sides, including similar vegetation, water storage facilities, house construction and little change in risk factors. The northern areas have been regularly sprayed with DDT since 1977, but eradication of the disease appears to be a distant dream. In 2007 alone, there were as many as 37,738 cases in that region. In contrast, the southern districts of Patna and Nalanda have never had the disease in its epidemic form and endemic disease has been present in only some pockets of the two districts. In those cases, two rounds of spraying with DDT had very positive results, with successful control and no new established foci. In addition, an eleven-year longitudinal study of the man hour density and house index for the vector Phlebotomus argentipes demonstrated that they were quite high in Patna and Nalanda and quite low in north Bihar. Given these facts, an attempt has been made to unravel the role of P. argentipes saliva (salivary gland) in the epidemiology of kala-azar. It was determined that patchy DDT spraying should be avoided for effective control of kala-azar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , DDT , Insecticides , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control , Phlebotomus/growth & development , Analysis of Variance , Humidity , Housing/classification , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Insecticide Resistance , India/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/immunology , Longitudinal Studies , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Mosquito Control , Population Density , Phlebotomus/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology
4.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 25(3): 115-118, 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-563797

ABSTRACT

Glándulas salivales de pacientes con síndrome de Sjõgren presentan un aumento en la degradación de componentes de la lámina basal (LB, laminina y colágeno IV) y estroma (colágenos I y III y fibronectina). Estos cambios se correlacionan con un desbalance en la expresión y actividad de metaloproteinasas y sus inhibidores titulares (MMP/TIMP) que desorganiza la LB de acinos y ductos. Esta desorganización es concomitante a una sobreexpresión de lamininas -1 y -5 y a la degradación de nidógenos 1 y -2, que tienen como función establecer puentes de conexión entre laminina y colágeno IV. Cambios post-transcripcionales de la integrina alfa 6 beta 4 están correlacionados con una drástica redistribución de beta 4 en acinos con LB desorganizadas. Estos resultados sugieren que alteraciones en la adhesión célula-matriz y en la formación de contactos célula-célula pueden modificar la señalización de la integrina alfa 6 beta 4 induciendo muerte celular cuando hay una severa interrupción de la célula acinar con la LB.


Increased degradation of basal lamina (BL, laminin and type IV collagen) and stroma (type I and III collagens, and fibronectin) proteins have been observed in salivary glands of patients with Sjõgren’s syndrome. Such changes are associated with imbalanced expression and activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors (MMPs/TIMPs), which contribute to disorganization of the parenchyma basal lamina. Disorganization of the basal lamina is paralleled by an overexpression of laminin-1and -5 and the degradation of nidogens 1 and -2: linker proteins that help maintain the integrity of type IV collagen and laminin networks.Additionally, post-transcriptional changes in alpha 6 beta 4 integrin are associated with a dramatic redistribution of beta 4 in acini, particularly where perturbations in BL organization were apparent. These findings are taken to suggest that changes in acinar cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell contact formation may alter alpha 6beta 4 integrin signaling, triggering cell death only when severe disruption of cell-BL attachment occurs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Extracellular Matrix , Salivary Glands/pathology , Laminin/physiology , Basement Membrane/pathology , Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Basement Membrane/immunology , Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology , Sjogren's Syndrome/metabolism
5.
Salvador; s.n; 2009. 63 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540653

ABSTRACT

Lutzomyia longipalpis é o principal transmissor da Leishmania chagasi, agente etiológico da leishmaniose visceral (LV), a forma mais letal da doença. A saliva de L. longipalpis possui moléculas capazes de modular as repostas hemostática, inflamatória e imunológica do hospedeiro, favorecendo o estabelecimento da infecção. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos têm abordado o papel da saliva de L. longipalpis na indução de mediadores lipídicos e sua implicação nos momentos iniciais da infecção por Leishmania. Neste trabalho, investigamos o papel do sonicado de glândula salivar (SGS) de Lutzomyia longipalpis na indução da formação de corpúsculos lipídicos (CL) e produção de mediadores lipídicos durante os estágios iniciais da infecção por Leishmania chagasi. O SGS foi capaz de induzir in vitro a formação de CLs e a produção de PGE2 em macrófagos murinos. Durante a infecção de camundongos C57BL/6 por L. chagasi, a presença de saliva de L. longipalpis aumentou a formação de CLs em macrófagos após 3 horas de estímulo, o que esteve correlacionado com o aumento do influxo de células para o sítio inflamatório, principalmente neutrófilos. A infecção de L. chagasi em presença do SGS de L. longipalpis induziu a produção de LTB4 e PGE2 em leucócitos peritoneais ex vivo. Após 3 horas, macrófagos e neutrófilos infectados, bem como a interação entre essas células foram observadas. O percentual de macrófagos infectados e o número de parasitas por macrófago esteve reduzido durante a infecção em presença de SGS. O conjunto dos nossos resultados indica que a saliva do vetor desempenha um papel importante na modulação da inflamação durante os estágios iniciais da infecção por L. chagas i e abre novas perspectivas para o entendimento da imunopatogênese da leishmaniose visceral.


Subject(s)
Animals , Salivary Glands/immunology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology , Macrophages/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Inflammation Mediators/immunology , Psychodidae/immunology , Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/metabolism
6.
Salvador; s.n; 2008. 90 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540440

ABSTRACT

Transmitidas por diferentes espécies de Flebótomos, as Leishmanioses apresentam uma grande variedade de manifestações clínicas. Tem sido demonstrada, a possibilidade de imunização contra a infecção por Leishmania utilizando-se a saliva do vetor Flebotomíneo Lutzomyia Longipalpis. O principal vetor da Leishmania Braziliensis é o Flebótomo Lutzomyia Intermedia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a imunização de hamsters com a saliva de L. Longipalpis confere proteção contra a infecção por L. Braziliensis na presença da saliva de L. Intermedia. Hamsters machos forma imunizados com o Sonicado de Glândula Salivar (SGS) por três vezes com intervalo de quinze dias. O desafio foi feito na orelha contra-lateral quinze dias após a última imunização 105 (com dez elevado à quinta potência) formas promastigotas de L. Braziliensis na presença do SGS de L. Intermedia. O desenvolvimento da lesão foi acompanhado semanalmente e 3,5 e oito semanas, após o desafio, as orelhas e lifondos drenantes foram retirados para a avaliação da carga parasitária, bem como da produção de citocinas durante a infecção. Quarenta e oito horas após o desafio com SGS, observa-se um infiltrado inflamatório composto predominantemente de células mononucleares nas orelhas dos animais imunizados. Estes animais apresentam redução significativa na carga parasitária dos lifondos drenantes, bem como das orelhas desafiadas. Além disso, produzem significativamente mais anticorpos anti-saliva quando comparados aos não-imunizados e menos anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesta proteção são os níveis reduzidos da expressão de IL-10 e TGF- ao longo da infecção. Estes resultados sugerem que a imunização com o SGS de L. Longipalpis confere proteção contra a infecção por L. Braziliensis de modo inespecífico à presença da saliva no momento do desafio. Dessa forma, a possibilidade de vacinação contra diferentes espécies de Leishmania, utilizando proteínas salivares de uma espécie de vetor...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Psychodidae/physiology , Saliva/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Insect Vectors , Macrophages/parasitology
7.
Salvador; s.n; 2008. 109 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540656

ABSTRACT

Papel da saliva do Lutzomyia intermedia na infecção por Leishmania braziliensis: desenvolvimento de vacinas para Leishmaniose Tegumentar. A saliva de flebotomíneos tem uma série de componentes farmacológicos e imunomoduladores, e a imunidade à saliva protege contra a infecção por Leishmania. Neste trabalho, se estudou a resposta immune contra a saliva de Lutzomyia intermedia, o principal vetor da Leishmania braziliensis no Brasil, e os efeitos da pré-exposição à saliva na infecção por L. braziliensis. Foi avaliada a resposta imune a distintas proteínas da saliva de L. intermedia, as quais produziram desfechos contrastantes na infecção por L. braziliensis. Camundongos BALB/c imunizados com o sonicado de glândula salivar (SGS) de L. intermedia desenvolveram anticorpos IgG 1 contra saliva e uma resposta celular com a produção das citocinas IFN-y e IL-4. O infiltrado inflamatório nos animais imunizados com SGS foi composto por muitas células polimofonucleares e poucas mononucleares. Camundongos desafiados com L. braziliensis, na presença da saliva, não foram protegidos contra a infecção apesar de desenvolverem uma lesão mais tardia. O sítio de inoculação e o linfonodo regional apresentaram uma contínua replicação parasitária e uma baixa razão de IFN-y por IL-4, indicando que a pré-exposição a saliva de L. intermedia modula a resposta imune. Além do mais, numa área endêmica para leishmaniose cutânea, pacientes com lesões cutânea ativa apresentaram uma elevada resposta humoral contra a saliva quando comparados aos indivíduos com teste de pele positivo para leishmaniose. A imunização com plasmídeos que codificam distintas proteínas salivares de L. intermedia modulou a infecção por L. braziliensis. Camundongos BALB/c imunizados com LliSP0l e LiSP05 tiveram uma proteção parcial contra a infecção enquanto a imunização com LliSP07 exacerbou a infecção, sugerindo que a imunização com essas distintas moléculas altera o curso da imunidade à Leishmania. Esses resultados sugerem que a pré-exposição a saliva de flebotomíneos possui um importante papel no desfecho da leishmaniose cutânea, em ambos camundongos. Esses resultados enfatizam possíveis obstáculos no desenvolvimento de vacinas baseadas na saliva de L. intermedia e a necessidade de identificar e selecionar candidatos individuais ao invés da saliva total, a qual pode favorecer uma resposta não protetora.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dog Diseases/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis Vaccines/immunology , Dogs , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Saliva/chemistry
8.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(1): 40-44, 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-461435

ABSTRACT

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by sialoadenitis and elevated titers of autoantibodies. To assess whether it is possible to induce inflammatory changes in salivary gland tissues, a series of immunizations in Balb/c mice have been undertaken, using salivary gland extract, modified or not, added to several adjuvants. Mice's humoral immune response to salivary gland antigens was monitored by ELISA. Inflammatory cells infiltrating gland tissue were seen 3 months after immunization with salivary gland extract modified with pepsin (AgGp) and metaperiodate (AgGMp). Although pathological progression was not observed, the histopathological picture was similar to the initial phase of Sjõgren's syndrome. In addition, a monoclonal antibody reactive with 3 gland polypeptides and anhydrase carbonic II was rescued among B cells from immunized mice. Thus, immunizations with modified autoantigens were able to initiate pathological damage to glandular tissue and stimulate the proliferation of auto-reactive B cells.


A Síndrome de Sjögren é uma doença auto-imune caracterizada por desenvolvimento de sialoadenite e títulos elevados de auto-anticorpos. Com o objetivo de induzir alterações inflamatórias no tecido das glândulas salivares foram realizadas várias imunizações em camundongos BALB/c utilizando extratos de glândulas salivares, modificados ou não, em vários adjuvantes. A resposta humoral para antígenos salivares foi monitorada por ELISA. Células inflamatórias infiltrando o tecido glandular foram vistas 3 meses pós-imunização com extrato de glândula salivar modificado com pepsina (AgGp) e metaperiodato (AgGMp). Embora a evolução patológica não tenha sido observada, o quadro histopatológico foi semelhante à fase inicial da Síndrome de Sjõgren. Também foi possível notar, a partir das células B dos animais imunizados, a produção de anticorpos monoclonais reativos com 3 polipeptídeos glandulares e anidrase carbônica II. Assim, a imunização com auto-antígenos glandulares modificados foi capaz de iniciar o processo patológico no tecido glandular e induzir a proliferação de células B produtoras de auto-anticorpos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Mice , Salivary Glands/immunology , Sialadenitis/immunology , Vaccination , Autoantigens/adverse effects , Hybridomas/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mitogens/adverse effects , Periodic Acid/adverse effects , Salivary Glands/pathology , Sialadenitis/pathology , Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology , Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology
9.
Natal; s.n; 2002. 107 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-313051

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo foram analizados 23 casos de Adenomas pleomórficos, sendo 11 em glândulas salivares maiores e 12 em glândulas salivares menores. Realizada a análise morfológica do material corado em H/E, foi observado que nas lesöes em glândulas salivares maiores o parênquima era constituido por ninhos, ilhas e lençoes de células epiteliais e mioepiteliais, com o predomínio das fusiformes. No estroma destas lesöes, houve predomínio do tipo mixóide (4 casos), hislino (4 casos) e condróide (3 casos). Nas glândulas salivaresmenores, o parenquima apresentou predomínio...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Adenoma, Pleomorphic , Extracellular Matrix , Fibronectins , Salivary Glands/immunology , Tenascin
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(11): 117-25, 1990. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-91612

ABSTRACT

1. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface antigens of Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites, an avian malaria parasite, were produced using spleen cells from mice immunized with sporozoites from mosquito salivary glands (SGS) or from midadgusts containing oocysts (OoS). 2. All of the 15 MAbs teted (11 anti-SGS and 4 anti-OoS) reacted with SGS and OoS by indirect immunofluorescence and circumsporozoiter precipitation reactions. Fourteen of these MAbs (11 anti-SGS and 3 anti-OoS) produced a Western blot (WB) patten identical to that produced with serum from mice lyperimmunized with viable intacts sporozoites. 3. All MAbs and the immune sera recognized only two polypeptide bands of approximate molecutlar weight 78 and 64KDa. 4. No difference in the WB pattern was observed when-or 12-day SGS or OoS extracts were used as antigens in WB. This antigenic similary was confirmed when the total protein extracts were visualized on silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Plasmodium gallinaceum/immunology , Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis , Blotting, Western , Cell Extracts/analysis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Salivary Glands/immunology , Malaria, Avian/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Oocytes/immunology , Precipitin Tests
11.
In. Tommasi, Antonio Fernando. Diagnóstico em patologia bucal. Säo Paulo, Pancast, 2.ed; 1989. p.353-64, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-255825
12.
In. Tommasi, Antonio Fernando. Diagnóstico em patologia bucal. Säo Paulo, Artes Médicas, 1982. p.291-302, ilus. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-263465
13.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 1-8, 1977.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-21670

ABSTRACT

In the present study, normal guinea pigs were used to investigate the possible pathogenic role of cell-mediated immunity in Sjogren's syndrome. The effects of anti-salivary gland antibodies on circulating lymphocytes, various organs including salivary glands, thymus and the reticuloendothelial system, and on delayed hypersensitivity were studied. Our study demonstrated that anti-salivary gland antibodies directly affected circulating lymphocytes. There was a 60-80% decrease in the lymphocyte count from the original level with a maximum effect at 5 hours after the introduction of the antibodies. When antibodies were injected repeatedly, the recovery to the pre-injection level of lymphocytes was delayed. We also found that antisalivary g1and antibodies were not organ-specific and were cross-reactive with various organs that are often involved in Sjogren's syndrome. Direct immunofluorescent study showed antibody deposits in the thymus-dependent areas of lymph nodes. These results suggest that antisalivary gland antibodies are lymphocytotoxic and have an anti-T cell property. The anti-salivary gland antibodies prepared in this experiment did not produce any pathological lesions such as those found in Sjogren's syndrome. The amount of antiserum or the period of administration might not have been long enough to produce pathological changes. Another possibility is that the anti-salivary gland antibodies might be species-specific. On the basis of these results, it appears that impaired cell-mediated immunity is not the primary pathogenic factor responsible for Sjogern's syndrome but rather that deranged immunity is secondary to the development of anti-salivary gland antibodies which occur in Sjogern's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Rabbits , Animals , Antibodies , Guinea Pigs , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes/immunology , Mononuclear Phagocyte System/immunology , Salivary Glands/immunology , Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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