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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 23(3): 323-329, jul.-set. 2008. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500516

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O enxerto de veia safena (VS) utilizado em revascularização miocárdica possui uma vida útil, sendo o estágio final a oclusão do vaso. Esforços em adquirir novas técnicas de coleta da VS podem possibilitar uma viabilidade maior do enxerto. MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes foram randomizados e divididos em dois grupos com o objetivo de avaliação do endotélio vascular. A técnica "no touch" (NT) consiste em retirar o segmento de VS com o tecido perivascular. A técnica convencional consiste em retirar a VS, com remoção "in situ" do tecido perivascular e conseqüente vasoespasmo. Houve um padrão de retirada das VS com incisões longitudinais escalonadas. Características da VS foram consideradas. A avaliação do endotélio das VS foi realizada usando microscópio eletrônico (ME) pelo método de varredura e de transmissão. Cortes histológicos das VS foram corados em Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). O colágeno subendotelial foi analisado pelos métodos de Picro-Sirius e Tricrômio de Masson. RESULTADOS: A ME evidenciou que o Grupo NT possui maiores áreas endoteliais não desnudadas, além de um menor número de células degradadas. A coloração em HE nos permitiu verificar a forma e a integridade das camadas das VS. Há um predomínio maior de fibras colágenas coradas no Grupo NT. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica NT permite uma melhor preservação endotelial da VS, sugerindo um enxerto mais viável em longo prazo.


OBJECTIVE: Saphenous vein grafts (SV) used in coronary artery bypass grafting have a limited life and vein occlusion may be the final adverse effect. Efforts to develop new techniques to harvest the saphenous vein may improve the viability of the graft. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly divided into two groups with the objective of evaluating the vascular endothelium. The No Touch (NT) technique consists in removing the saphenous vein with perivascular tissue. The conventional technique consists in harvesting with "in situ" removal of the perivascular tissue. The standard saphenous vein harvesting procedure used bridged incisions. Characteristics of the vein were considered. Evaluation of the endothelium was achieved by electron microscopy and histologic analysis using hematoxylin eosin staining. The Picrosirius and Masson Trichrome methods were used to analyze subendothelial collagen. RESULTS: Electron microscopy demonstrated that the NT Group had larger non-denudated endothelial areas as well as a smaller number of degraded cells. Histological analysis showed the form and integrity of the saphenous vein layers. A larger amount of collagen fibers were identified in the NT Group. CONCLUSIONS: The NT technique better preserves the saphenous vein endothelium suggesting a more viable graft in the long term.


Subject(s)
Humans , Collagen/ultrastructure , Coronary Artery Bypass/methods , Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Saphenous Vein/ultrastructure , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Azo Compounds , Coloring Agents , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Hematoxylin , Methyl Green , Saphenous Vein/cytology , Saphenous Vein/transplantation
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(supl.1): 77-82, 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483128

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate the efficiency of glycol methacrylate-embedding medium to detect morphological alterations of human saphenous vein submitted to brief and crescent pressurizations. METHODS: Saphenous veins of 20 CABG patients were randomly distributed into four experimental groups (control, 100, 200 and 300 mmHg pressures during 15 seconds). To quantify the percentage of endothelium spread over vein surface a microscope magnification of 100x was used for measurements. Morphometric analysis was performed using videomicroscopy with the Leica Qwin software in conjunction with a Leica microscope, videocamera, and an on-line computer. RESULTS: A slight tendency of quantitative increase was observed in all parameters including percentage of endothelium spread over vein surface and thickness of saphenous vein walls (intima and media layers). CONCLUSIONS: The glycol methacrylate-embedding allowed sections with adequate resolution of structural details and revealed to be an extremely useful method to study pressurized human saphenous veins.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a inclusão em glicol metacrilato para estudar alterações morfológicas de veias safenas humanas submetidas a pressurizações breves e crescentes. MÉTODOS: Veias safena de 20 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio foram distribuídas ao acaso em quatro grupos experimentais (controle, pressões de 100, 200 e 300 mmHg durante 15 segundos). Para quantificar a percentagem da superfície venosa recoberta por endotélio utilizou-se o aumento de 100x. A análise morfométrica foi realizada utilizando-se videomicroscopia com auxílio do software Leica Qwin em conjunto com um microscópio Leica e videocâmera, acoplados a um computador. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma leve tendência de aumento quantitativo de todos os parâmetros avaliados, incluindo a percentagem de superfície recoberta por endotélio e a espessura das paredes das veias safenas. CONCLUSÕES: A inclusão em glicol metracrilato permitiu secções com adequada resolução dos detalhes estruturais, revelando-se um método extremamente útil para o estudo de veias safenas humanas pressurizadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Methacrylates , Pressure , Plastic Embedding/methods , Saphenous Vein/anatomy & histology , Tunica Intima/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Video/methods , Saphenous Vein/ultrastructure
3.
Clinics ; 63(5): 683-688, 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495045

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Saphenous vein grafting is still widely used to revascularize ischemic myocardium. The effectiveness of this procedure is limited by neointima formation and accelerated atherosclerosis, which frequently leads to graft occlusion. A better understanding of this process is important to clarify the mechanisms of vein graft disease and to aid in the formulation of strategies for prevention and/or therapeutics. OBJECTIVE: To develop an ex vivo flow system that allows for controlled hemodynamics in order to mimic arterial and venous conditions. METHODS: Human saphenous veins were cultured either under venous (flow: 5 ml/min) or arterial hemodynamic conditions (flow: 50 ml/min, pressure: 80 mmHg) for 1-, 2- and 4-day periods. Cell viability, cell density and apoptosis were compared before and after these intervals using MTT, Hoeschst 33258 stain, and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fresh excised tissue segments were well preserved prior to the study. Hoechst 33258 and MTT stains showed progressive losses in cell density and cell viability in veins cultured under arterial hemodynamic conditions from 1 to 4 days, while no alterations were observed in veins cultured under venous conditions. Although the cell density from 1-day cultured veins under arterial conditions was similar to that of freshly excised veins, the TUNEL assay indicated that most of these cells were undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The results observed resemble the events taking place during early in vivo arterial-vein grafting and provide evidence that an ex vivo perfusion system may be useful for the identification of new therapeutic targets that ameliorate vein graft remodeling and increase graft patency over time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemodynamics , Models, Cardiovascular , Organ Culture Techniques/methods , Perfusion/methods , Saphenous Vein/pathology , Analysis of Variance , Apoptosis/physiology , Cell Count , Cell Survival/physiology , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Staining and Labeling , Saphenous Vein/transplantation , Saphenous Vein/ultrastructure
4.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 14(2): 257-63, jul.-dez. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-268979

ABSTRACT

For the microscopical study of the great saphenous vein wall, the venous segments from six male necropsiedcadavers: were obtained three young individuals between 16 and 35 years old and three aged individuals between 50 and 83 years old. The tunica media of the great saphenous vein at the upper third level of the thigh belonging to both young and aged individuals is made up of two layers: an internal formed by fascicles of smooth longitudinal muscular fibers and the external layer made up by fascicles of smooth circular muscular fibers. At the level of the discharge in the femoral, the tunica media of the great saphenous vein wall of both, young and aged individuals, is made up of one layer, whose fascicles of smooth muscular fibers are circularly orientated in relation to the vascular axis. The tunica adventitia of the great saphenous vein wall at the upper third level of the young individuals thigh, presents elastic fibers whereas it the aged individuals it is made up of fascicles of smooth longitudinal fibers; at the level of the femoral vein disdarge in both young and aged individuals, the tunica adventitia presents a fiber elastic constitution. The young and aged individuals' parietal venous valve is elastic fiber in nature. The young individuals' ostial valve is also elastic and that of aged individuals is muscular fiber in nature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Femoral Vein/ultrastructure , Saphenous Vein/ultrastructure , Tunica Media/ultrastructure , Aged, 80 and over , Cadaver , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure , Thigh/blood supply
5.
Rev. angiol. cir. vasc ; 2(3): 116-33, jul.-set. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-138763

ABSTRACT

O uso da veia safena magna como implante em cirurgias de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio e de extremidades, ao lado do seu acometimento pela doença varicosa, tem despertado o interesse dos pesquisadores quanto aos aspectos de sua estrutura microscópica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever as variaçöes que ocorrem nas túnicas da veia safena magna normal e da safena magna varicosa, comparar os resultados obtidos e correlacionar as anormalidades encontradas com o mecanismo patogênicodas varizes. Para isso, os fragmentos foram submetidos a técnicas histológicas para estudo ao microscópio óptico de sua morfologia geral, para determinaçöes morfométricas e para análise histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica de componentes da matriz extracelular das túnicas parietais. Os aspectos mais relevantes destes achados foram levados a um estudo ao microscópio eletrônico, complementando-se com um teste para avaliaçäo da reatividade motora frente ao K e à noradrenalina. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o espessamento da túnica íntima é uma eventualidade que pode acometer a veia, independente do processo varicoso, embora seja encontrado mais intensamente nesta condiçäo. Na túnica média, a interposiçäo das fibras do sistema elástico associadas aos feixes musculares constituem as modificaçöes mais importantes nas veias safenas varicosas. Com o estabelecimento de uma sistemática no estudo da parede das safenas magnas, deverá ser possível aprofundar os estudos sobre a adequaçäo do seu uso como enxerto, assim como aqueles que visam tornar mais claro o mecanismo do seu acometimento pela doença varicosa e pela hiperplasia intimal


Subject(s)
Humans , Saphenous Vein/anatomy & histology , Varicose Veins/pathology , Microscopy, Electron , Saphenous Vein/immunology , Saphenous Vein/ultrastructure
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