Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in a Neglected Community, South Western Nigeria

Purpose: Schistosomiasis ranks second to malaria among parasitic diseases of socio-economic and public health importance. In Nigeria; urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is endemic. This study aimed at producing an accurate data on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Apojula; a neglected community located around Oyan Dam; southwest Nigeria; using parasitological and molecular techniques. Methods: Parasitological examinations were carried out on urine samples from 63 participants whose ages ranged between 7 and 63 years. Matched blood and urine samples were also screened for S. hematobium infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat. Results: of the 63 participants; 33 (52.4) were positive for heamaturia while 6 (9.5) had S. haematobium ova in their urine. PCR amplification of S. haematobium Dra1 repeat from their urine and blood samples showed that 59 (93.65) and 62 (98.4) were infected respectively. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of S. haematobium infection as detected by PCR amplification of schistosome Dra1 repeat from the urine and blood samples of the study participants. In addition; the PCR was able to detect schistosome infection in cases otherwise shown to be negative by parasitological examinations thereby making them also to receive chemotherapy

Infection Pattern of Schistoma Haematobium in Primary School Children of the Kumba Health District; South-West Cameroon

"Studies were carried out on 855 pupils of classes 3; 5 and 7 (age range 5-16 years) attending 17 primary schools in the Kumba Health District; Cameroon; to determine the infection pattern of Schistosoma haematobium in its different communities. The results reveal prevalence rates of 9.7for urinary schistosomiasis and 11.6for haemuturia. The focal area for Schistosomiasis was Barombi kotto with a prevalence rate of 75.9; a finding not significantly different from 78.2for haematuria. Low prevalence rates were recorded in the villages at the periphery of Barombi Kotto and also in the vicinity of Kumba town. Lake Barombi Kotto and ""Kumba Water"" were the main sources of infection in these areas. No significant differences in prevalence were observed between males and females or between children in the different classes surveyed. Age-specific evaluation revealed that peak infection was attained at /and 83.8respectively."

Study of the disturbance of S. hematobium in El-Menya Governorate

Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease and one of the major health problems in Egypt. Although schistosomiasis is essentially a rural disease, it is increasingly seen in urban and semi-urban areas. In this study, all districts of El-Minya Governorate were examined for S. haematobium aiming to determine the prevalence and seasonality of the disease in the different districts. The clinical and laboratory results were collected and validated in the field and centrally analysed in the Department of Community Medicine, with cooperation of Tropical Medicine Department, El-Minya University. The study revealed that the prevalence rates of S. haematobium for population in general and school children in particular vary in different districts with seasonal variation. The highest rates were observed in EI-Edwa [8.9 percent]. The lowest rates were in El-Minya rural district [3.5 percent] The prevalence rates were higher in Autumn [6.1 percent] and winter [5.9 percent] than in Spring [4.5 percent] and Summer [4.7 percent] and were higher in school children [6-15 years] in the different localities. The overall prevalence rate of S. haematobium in the governorate is decreasing. Terminal hematuria and dysuria were; the main complaints of examined positive cases. In conclusion, the prevalence rates of S. haematobium in E!-Minya Governorate show variation in relation to locality and seasons. These rates were higher in school children [6-15 years] in the different districts. The overall prevalence rate of S. haematobium in the governorate is decreasing. Study of the intensity of infection linked to disease morbidity in addition to well planned health education program with more attention to environmental health are recommended by the authors