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1.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 19(2): 375-389, Apr.-Jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789563

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Estudo observacional que analisa a qualidade das ações de diagnóstico, tratamento e controle da esquistossomose na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em área endêmica. Foram utilizados questionários estruturados em 97 profissionais de saúde da ESF e em secretários municipais de saúde de 25 municípios pertencentes à Gerência Regional de Saúde de Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados os Modelos de Variáveis Latentes para definir um escore a fim de avaliar a qualidade da proposta. Os resultados mostraram que 57,8% das equipes da ESF realizam suas ações de maneira insatisfatória ou crítica. Os profissionais não realizam ações efetivas para controle da infecção e 8,1% não utilizam o método diagnóstico preconizado pelo governo. As estratégias de vigilância e controle ainda são incipientes. Da mesma forma, os profissionais não receberam treinamento adequado para o desenvolvimento das ações de prevenção e controle da esquistossomose. Falta material educativo para o desempenho das atividades de educação em saúde, sendo que as equipes da ESF realizam atividades educativas nas escolas em 48% dos municípios. Menos da metade dos profissionais entrevistados conhecia o Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE). É necessário integrar as práticas do PCE à ESF, além de buscar um adequado suporte da gestão municipal por meio de pactuações e do controle social.


ABSTRACT: Observational study that examined the quality of the preventive actions for schistosomiasis control in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (FHS) in an endemic area. Structured questionnaires were used to interview 97 health professionals of the FHS and the Secretary of Health of 25 municipalities belonging to the State Health Department of Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Models of latent variables were used to define a score to evaluate the quality of the process. The results showed that 57.8% of the FHS teams' actions were unsatisfactory or critical. The professionals did not perform effective activities for the control of the infection and 8.1% did not use the diagnostic methods required by the government. Similarly, the professionals did not receive adequate training for the development of schistosomiasis prevention and control. There was a lack of educational materials to carry out health education activities, and the FHS teams conducted educational activities in only 48% of the schools of municipalities. Less than half of the professionals interviewed knew about the Schistosomiasis Control Program. We concluded that it is necessary to integrate this Program's practices to the FHS, and seek a suitable support of municipal management through pacts and social control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family Health , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis/therapy
2.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 23(2): 148-151, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787000

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de um paciente portador de hipertensão pulmonar de origem esquistossomótica, que procurou pronto atendimento por apresentar quadro de dor torácica em repouso. A apresentação clínica e os demais dados referentes ao caso levantaram a suspeita de insuficiência coronariana aguda, e foi diagnosticada uma obstrução grave do tronco da coronária esquerda. O relato do caso teve por objetivo destacar a necessidade do diagnóstico diferencial da queixa de dor torácica nestes pacientes e ressaltar a opção da intervenção coronariana percutânea como tratamento eficaz e seguro neste cenário.


This report describes a patient with pulmonary hypertension secondary to schistosomiasis, who sought emergency care due to chest pain at rest. The clinical presentation and other information related to the case raised the suspicion of acute coronary failure, and a severe obstruction was identified in the left main coronary artery. The case report aimed to highlight the need for a differential diagnosis of chest pain complaints in these patients, and emphasizes the choice of percutaneous coronary intervention as an effective and safe treatment in this scenario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Angina Pectoris/complications , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Schistosomiasis/complications , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Angiography/methods , Bundle-Branch Block/complications , Chest Pain/complications , Echocardiography/methods , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Stents , Ultrasonography/methods
3.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 35(1): 91-96, jan.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1889

ABSTRACT

O praziquantel é o fármaco de escolha no tratamento da esquistossomose, porém, sua baixa solubilidade aquosa pode comprometer sua biodisponibilidade por via oral. Neste trabalho o praziquantel foi incorporado em microesferas de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) e Eudragit® E pela técnica de emulsão-evaporação do solvente, com o intuito de melhorar sua solubilidade aquosa. As micropartículas preparadas com PHB apresentaram forma esférica e eficiência de encapsulação do fármaco de 78%. Quando preparadas com Eudragit® E/PHB na proporção de 50/50, apresentaram-se porosas e com eficiência de encapsulação de 42%. As microesferas preparadas com os polímeros na proporção de 75/25 apresentaram-se mais porosas que as anteriores e com 52% de praziquantel encapsulado. Ensaios de dissolução in vitro demonstraram melhora significativa na solubilidade aquosa do praziquantel incorporado às microesferas de Eudragit® E/PHB 75/25. O aumento da solubilidade está associado à elevada porosidade das microesferas e ao emprego do Eudragit® E como carreador hidrofílico.


Praziquantel is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis, however, its low water solubility may undermine the oral bioavailability. In this study, praziquantel was incorporated into microspheres prepared with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and a polymethacrylate (Eudragit® E), using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method, in order to improve its aqueous solubility. Microparticles prepared with PHB had spherical shape and encapsulation efficiency of 78%. When prepared with Eudragit® E/PHB at a ratio of 50/50 the microspheres were porous and encapsulated 42% of the drug, and for a ratio of 75/25 the microspheres were more porous than those of the previous formulations, with an encapsulation efficiency of 52%. Dissolution in vitro led to a significant improvement in the aqueous solubility of praziquantel incorporated into Eudragit® E/PHB 75/25 microspheres. This increased solubility is linked to the high porosity of the microspheres and the use of Eudragit® E as a hydrophilic carrier.


Subject(s)
Praziquantel , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Drug Compounding
4.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 14(1): 5-11, jan.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621391

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, o caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) atua como principal vetor hospedeiro intermediário do helminto trematódeo Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae), agente etiológico da esquistossomose. O combate deste hospedeiro com substâncias moluscicidas é considerado uma das formas de redução do risco de transmissão da esquistossomose. Na busca por novos produtos naturais para controlar este vetor, o presente trabalho testou os extratos de algumas espécies vegetais exóticas consideradas tóxicas: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) e Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Apenas a espécie S. grantii apresentou atividade moluscicida (CL50 = 40,0 µg mL-1) promissora, sendo este o primeiro relato desta atividade para espécies do gênero Synadenium.


In Brazil, Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) snail serves as the principal intermediate vector host of Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae) trematode helminth, the etiologic agent of schistosomiasis. A way of reducing transmission risk of schistosomiasis is the combat of this host with molluscicide substances. In the search for new natural products to control this vector, the present study tested the extracts of some exotic plant species considered toxic: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) and Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Only the S. grantii species showed molluscicide activity promising (LC50 = 40.0 mg mL-1), and this is the first report of this activity to the genus Synadenium (Euphorbiaceae).


En Brasil, el caracol Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) actúa como principal vector hospedero intermediario del helmintos trematodo Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae), agente etiológico de la esquistosomiasis. El combate de este hospedero con sustancias molusquicidas es considerado una de las formas de reducción del riesgo de transmisión de la esquistosomiasis. En la búsqueda por nuevos productos naturales para el control de este vector, el presente estudio examinó los extractos de algunas especies exóticas de plantas consideradas tóxicas: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) y Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Sólo la especie S. grantii presentó actividad molusquicida prometedores (CL50 = 40,0 ug mL-1) promisora, siendo éste el primer relato de esta actividad para especies del género Synadenium.


Subject(s)
Schistosomiasis/therapy , Schistosomiasis/veterinary , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Phytotherapy
5.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 14(1): 29-32, jan.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621395

ABSTRACT

Este artigo relata um surto de intoxicação acidental por salinomicina em 39 equinos. Ao exame físico os animais apresentavam claudicação, taquipneia, ataxia, sudorese e fraqueza. Em alguns se observou também decúbito permanente, dispneia, cianose e morte. Em amostras de soro foi detectado aumento significativo nos níveis de AST (aspartato-aminotransferase) e CPK (creatina-fosfoquinase), e no hemograma observou-se neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda. Vinte e um animais morreram e 18 sobreviveram, sendo hidratados com solução de Ringer com lactato de sódio e solução de glicose a 5%, e medicados com dexametasona, flunixina meglumina e furosemida. O exame necroscópico revelou necrose muscular aguda generalizada, coração globoso, necrose de miocárdio, congestão pulmonar severa, hemorragia na mucosa intestinal, congestão renal e fígado com aparência de noz moscada. Amostras de ração foram submetidas a análises laboratoriais que mostraram a presença de salinomicina em 1.300 ppm, índice muito acima do suportável por equinos.


This article reports an outbreak of accidental poisoning by salinomycin in 39 horses. On physical examination, the animals showed lameness, tachypnea, ataxia, sweating and weakness. Permanent recumbency, dyspnea, cyanosis and death were observed in some animals. In serum samples, significant increase in the levels of AST and CPK was detected, and hematology showed neutrophilia with a left shift. Twenty-one animals died and 18 survived, being hydrated with Ringer?s lactate and 5% glucose solution, and treated with dexamethasone, flunixin meglumine and furosemide. Necropsy revealed acute generalized muscle necrosis, enlarged heart, myocardial necrosis, severe pulmonary congestion, hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa, renal congestion and liver with nutmeg appearance. Food samples were subjected to laboratory tests which showed the presence of salinomycin in 1.300 ppm, far above the tolerable rate for horses.


Este artículo relata un brote de intoxicación accidental por salinomicina en 39 equinos. Al examen físico los animales presentaban claudicación, taquipnea, ataxia, transpiración y debilidad. En algunos se observó también decúbito permanente, disnea, cianosis y muerte. En muestras de suero se detectó elevación significante en los niveles de AST (aspartato ? aminotransferase) y CPK (creatina ? fosfoquinasa), y el hemograma mostró neutrofilia con desvío a la izquierda. Veintiuno animales murieron y dieciocho sobrevivieron, siendo hidratados con solución de Ringer con lactato de sodio y solución de glucosa a 5%, y medicados con dexametasona, flunixin meglumina y furosemida. El examen necroscópico reveló necrosis muscular aguda generalizada, corazón globoso, necrosis de miocardio, congestión pulmonar severa, hemorragia en la mucosa intestinal, congestión renal e hígado con apariencia de nuez moscada. Muestras de ración fueron sometidas a análisis en laboratorio, que mostraron presencia de salinomicina en 1.300 ppm, índice muy arriba del soportable por equinos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/parasitology , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Schistosomiasis/veterinary , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Phytotherapy
6.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2011; 41 (2): 307-314
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-154404

ABSTRACT

Egypt leads the world in hepatitis C infection cases. Schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus [HCV] co-infection is common in Egypt. Hepatitis B [HBsAg] is also encountered. Potassium antimony tartarate was used for Schistosomiasis in endemic areas all over the world for more than 50 years, intravenously and was prohibited since late of the last century when the oral drugs were developed. Some authors postulated that Schistosomiasis might contribute to persistence of HCV via biological factors. This study compared the prevalence of HCV and HBV among Schistosomiasis patients in endemic areas given parenteral or oral route anti-schistosomiasis. A total of 102 manual workers patients were selected from different areas in Cairo and Gharbia Governorates. They were 82 males and 20 females; their age was ranged between 16-60 years [40 +/- 12]. Sheets were filled out on each patient including name, age, sex, history of haematurea or bloody diarrhea, parasitic infection, intravenous injections, blood transfusion, dental care, shaving, previous treatment, and anti-schistosomiasis. They were divided into GI: 50 patients treated IV since 20-30 years ago with ages [49.4 +/- 7.4] and GIL 52 patients treated orally up to 8 years ago with ages [2.2 +/- 7.7]. They were subjected to IHAT anti-schistosomal antibodies, circulating schistosome antigens in urine, HBsAg and HCVAb, the latter was confirmed by PCR for positivity, and Alanin transeferese [ALT]. In GI, 42/50 [84%] had HCV compared to 4/52[7.7%] in Gil, with statistical significant. HBsAg was detected in a patient. HCV patients showed function. 3/52 received oral treatment showed elevation of liver function [5.8%]. 10% [10/50] of GI and 34.6% [18/52] of Gil were schistosomal antigen in urine positive


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis A virus/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Liver Function Tests/epidemiology , Injections, Intravenous/methods , Treatment Outcome
7.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2010; 40 (1): 119-134
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-113036

ABSTRACT

A total of 60 patients with schistosomiasis [40], fascialiosis [15] and heterophyiasis [5] were selected Beni-Swejf and Mansoura Districts and subjected to history taking, clinical examination, Kato thick smear, sedimentation and hatching test [for schistosomiasis cases] at the beginning of the study, 2 and 3 months after treatment with Oleo-resin of Myrrh [Mirazid] in a dose of 10mg/kg/day for 6 consecutive days an hour before breakfast. The results showed a significant improvement in symptoms with minimal negligible or no side effects. The cure rates, 2 and 3 months after treatment were 80.7% and 11.8% for schistosomiasis, 93.3% and 6.6% for fascioliasis, and 100% for heterophyiasis. The clinical picture of schistosomiasis before treatments were easy fatigability, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria pain, abdominal distention, right upper guardant pain, colicky abdominal pain, left upper andlor lower guardant pain, abdominal rumbling, dysentery, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, constipation, and alternating bowel habit. Those of fascioliasis were abdominal distention, dripping of saliva, right upper guardant, colicky abdominal pain, weight loss, easy fatigability, intermittent jaundice, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria, left upper and/or lower quadrant pain, right layer quadrant pain, loin pain, abdominal rumbling, diarrhea, constipation, and alternating bowel habit The safety and efficacy of C. molmol extract in treating heterophyiasis [100%], fascioliasis [100%] and schistosomiasis [92.5%] were documented


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts , Zoonoses , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Fascioliasis/therapy , Heterophyidae , Terpenes
8.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. xviii,122 p. ilus, tab, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-573306

ABSTRACT

O objetivo da dissertação foi avaliar uma estratégia de diagnóstico e tratamento para a esquistossomose e geohelmintoses, empregando a escola como base operacional para atender a meta mínima das Resoluções 54.19 da Assembléia Mundial da Saúde (AMS) e CD49.R19, da OPAS de dar cobertura a 75por cento das crianças em idade escolar e, incrementar as ações do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE-SUS) na área endêmica de Pernambuco. O município escolhido foi Araçoiaba, no qual a população escolar (6-15 anos) foi aleatoriamente alocada em um esquema operacional empregando como base a escola ou a comunidade para comparar a cobertura de diagnóstico e tratamento. Antes de iniciar essa pesquisa duas questões importantes foram respondidas: (a) a prevalência nas crianças em idade escolar é um indicador adequado para estimar a infecção no nível da comunidade naquela área? Para tal, os dados populacionais de positividade para esquistossomose de 19 localidades daquela área foram analisados nos seguintes grupos etários: 0-5, 6-15, 16-25, 26-40, 41-80 anos; (b) as atuais diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde realizadas pelo PCE-SUS em um município endêmico para esquistossomose permitiriam a ele atender aquela meta mínima? A primeira análise mostrou que a prevalência na faixa de 6-15 anos pode ser usada em inquéritos de linha de base (antes do tratamento) como referência para estimar a situação da comunidade. A análise das ações de diagnóstico e tratamento realizadas pelo PCE-SUS em Chã de Alegria revelou que dos 15.288 residentes no município, apenas 1.766 (11,5por cento) e 2.977 (19,5por cento) foram examinados nos dois inquéritos realizados em 2003-2004 e 2004-2006, respectivamente, sendo que no primeiro deles, apenas 570 (32,3por cento) crianças de 7-14 anos foram cobertas. Essa análise sugere que o município de Chã de Alegria dificilmente conseguiria atingir a meta mínima estabelecida na AMS, o que pode refletir a situação em outros municípios que possuem características epidemiológicas e dificuldades de infraestrutura semelhantes. Uma vez respondidas as duas questões preliminares, colocamos em prática a pesquisa operacional em Araçoiaba. Os resultados mostraram que a intervenção na comunidade alcançou cobertura de distribuição de potes (98,9por cento) e diagnóstico (84,9por cento) significativamente maior do que a na escola (96,4por cento e 74,8por cento, respectivamente). No entanto, a intervenção na escola apresentou taxas diárias de distribuição (62,4) e coleta de potes (46,7) significativamente maiores do que na comunidade (27,3 e 23,2 respectivamente). Não houve diferença significativa quanto à adesão ao tratamento entre as duas intervenções (88,7por cento na comunidade e 90,4por cento, na escola), porém o tempo médio gasto no tratamento na escola foi significativamente menor do que na comunidade. Os dados permitem propor uma abordagem combinada baseada na escola e na comunidade, de modo que as vantagens observadas em cada intervenção permitam um maior acesso e cobertura das ações de controle nesse grupo etário em curto prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Community Participation , Schools , Brazil/epidemiology
10.
In. Salamano Tessore, Ronald; Scavone Mauro, Cristina L; Wajskopf Pomeranz, Saúl; Savio Larriera, Carlos María Eduardo. Neuroinfecciones en el adulto y el niño. Montevideo, Arena, 2008. p.191-195.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-759695
11.
Afr. health sci. (Online) ; 8(4): 239-243, 2008.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1256518

ABSTRACT

Background: Schistosoma mansoni was observed and reported in Kuluva hospital Arua District in north western Uganda as early as 1902. S. mansoni is widely distributed in Uganda along permanent water bodies. Objective: To review the litreture on scistosomiasis in Uganda; since 1902. Method: The core literature for this short review was searched from reports and publications by the British colonial Ministry of Health Districts Medical officers and Entomologists. Additional information was obtained from Makerere University Medical School library archives; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine library archives; University of Antrwap; and post independence publications on schistosomiasis in Uganda in various journals. Results: Since it was first detected in 1902 Schistosoma (S) mansoni is more widely distributed in Uganda than S. haematobium. However Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium are of public health importance in Uganda and the importance of migrants and fishermen in disseminating infections into non-infested areas and intensifying infection in areas already infested have been reported. Conclusion: S. mansoni has been on the increase in Uganda whereas S. haematobium is localized in sporadic foci in the north of Uganda. Treatment with praziquantel the drug of choice in Uganda used in schistosomiasis control programme has reduced development of severe schistosomiasis


Subject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Schistosomiasis/therapy
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 93(supl.1): 259-64, Oct. 1998. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-218683

ABSTRACT

A schedule of repeated chemotherapy with oxamniquine, consisting of biannual treatment of school-aged (7-13 years) children and annual treatment of all other age groups, was used in a representative rural village from a highly endemic area of schistosomiasis in Pernambuco. Significant reductions in infection were obtained only after two cycles of treatment, as the overall prevalence decreased from 72.6 per cent to 41.7 per cent and the geometric mean egg counts per gram of faeces among positives fell from 188.4 to 76. In a school-aged cohort (n=29) three treatment at six-month intervals were necessary to significantly reduce the proportion of positive (from 75.9 per cent to 51.7 per cent). In a cohort of children under 7 years of age (n=20) the proportion of positives actually increased (from 30 per cent to 45 per cent) despite two annual treatments. Water contact was intense and host snails density was relatively high. As there is no short-term perspective of improved sanitation, auxiliary measures such as focal mollusciciding are needed for an adequate control of schistosomiasis in this and alike areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Brazil , Oxamniquine/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 93(supl.1): 313-6, Oct. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-218697

ABSTRACT

Specific chemotherapy against schistosomiasis together with environmental changes occuring in endemic areas of Brazil are causing a revolution in the clinico-pathological presentation of the disease when comparing to date from 10 to 15 years ago. To update the subject, an inquire was made among the most experienced Brazilian investigators in this field. They agree that a decrease of about 50 to 70 per cent in prevalence, and an even higher decrease in incidence are taking place in Brazil today. The prevalence of schistosome-infection has decreased in some areas and increased in other, with spreading sometimes occuring to peri-urban regions, indicating that schistosomiasis control depends on the application of multiple measures. General clinical and pathological manifestation related to hepatosplenic disease, such as ascites, gastric hemorrhages, big-spleen syndrome, cor pulmonale, glomerulopathy, etc. are also less severe nowadays than they used to be in the past.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spleen/parasitology , Drug Therapy , Liver/parasitology , Liver Diseases/parasitology , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Brazil
17.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 40(4): 225-31, July-Aug. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-225880

ABSTRACT

Dados de prevalencia e incidencia da esquistossomose foram estimados, acompanhando-se um grupo de escolares residentes em area rural do municipio de Itariri (Sao Paulo, Brasil), por um periodo de 2 anos, com cinco inqueritos, um a cada semestre, realizados no primeiro semestre de cada ano entre marco e abril e no segundo, entre setembro e outubro. O hospedeiro intermediario do Schistosoma mansoni na area e a Biomphalaria tenagophila. A infeccao pelo S. mansoni foi determinada pelo metodo parasitologico de Kato-Katz, atraves do exame de tres laminas, e os resultados analisados comparativamente aos da reacao de imunofluorescencia para deteccao de anticorpos IgM (RIF-IgM). Foram encontrados nos cinco inqueritos indices de prevalencia de 8,6 por cento, 6,8 por cento, 9,9 por cento, 5,8 por cento e 17,2 por cento pelo metodo parasitologico...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Schistosoma mansoni/parasitology , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Oxamniquine/administration & dosage , Oxamniquine/therapeutic use , Parasite Egg Count , Schistosomiasis/immunology , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Biomphalaria/parasitology , Brazil , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Rural Areas , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 40(4): 233-5, July-Aug. 1998.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-225881

ABSTRACT

Apresentam-se os casos de dois jovens com bacteriemia por Salmonella associada a esquistossomose mansoni ativa em pacientes com a sindrome da imunodeficiencia adquirida. A apresentacao clinica incluiu sintomas e sinais inespecificos como fadiga, perda de peso, diarreia, febre prolongada e hepatoesplenomegalia. A biopsia hepatica em um paciente revelou granulomas mal formados em torno de ovos de S. mansoni e hepatite de intensidade moderada. O tratamento da esquistossomose com a oxamniquine induziu melhora clinica progressiva culminando com a cura da salmonelose e da esquistossomose. O reconhecimento da associacao Salmonella-S. mansoni em pacientes com AIDS mostra-se importante nesses casos pois o tratamento da esquistossomose melhora o prognostico da bacteriemia por Salmonella que pode tornar-se recorrente e fatal nos pacientes com AIDS


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Diarrhea/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/parasitology , Biopsy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Salmonella Infections/therapy , Oxamniquine/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Signs and Symptoms
19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(5): 669-76, Sept.-Oct. 1997. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-194214

ABSTRACT

The ideal diagnostic method for schistosomiasis detection seems to be still far from available. Paucity of egg output in low prevalence situations, low levels of circulating antigens in individuals with low intensity of infection and inadequate specificity of antibody detection systems outline pieces of a puzzle that challenges scientific efforts. Estimated prevalence, financial resources and operational reality must be taken into account when deciding the diagnostic method to be used. A combination of a screening step, using a fast strip test for antibody detection with a parasitological ratification step such as Kato-Katz repeated stool examination may serve as a diagnostic approach for a previously untreated low level endemic area. However, when eradication is the aim, and high financial investment is available, re-treatment may be based on the association between multiple stool examination and circulating antigen detection. Ethical aspects as well as cost-benefit rates between treatment and diagnosis approaches lead to the conclusion that in spite of the recent advances in simple administered and relatively safe drugs, treatment should only be performed when supported by appropriated diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Feces/parasitology , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Immunologic Tests/methods
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(5): 693-7, Sept.-Oct. 1997. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-194218

ABSTRACT

Administration of an antifibrotic agent as an adjunct to antihelmintic treatment with the objective of morbidity reduction was investigated in the nurine schistosomiasis mansoni model. Antifibrotic, ß-aminopropionitrile treatment has a profound effect on the cellular composition of the liver granuloma of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice when given alone, resulting in increase macrophage infiltration. These macrophages, in response to stimulation with soluble egg antigen or lipopolysaccharide produced elevated levels of nitric oxide but low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha compared to untreated infected mice. This also correlated with reduced liver granuloma size. In spite of low numbers of eggs in the liver, mice receiving a combine treatment had a high level of resistance to a challenge infection compared with mice receiving only praziquantel. Those mice also exhibited a reduced lymphocyte proliferative response, similar to that of infected untreated mice. Antifibrotic treatment has an impact on the dynamic of the cellular nature of granulomas and impacts on the host immunity to infection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Aminopropionitrile/administration & dosage , Fibrosis/chemically induced , Schistosomiasis/therapy , Granuloma/therapy , Mice/parasitology , Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects
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