Letalidade do extrato de synadenium grantii hook. F. (Euphorbiaceae) frente a caramujos biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (gastropoda, planorbidae) / Letalidad del extracto de synadenium grantii hook. F. (Euphorbiaceae) contra caracoles biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (gastropoda, planorbidae) / Lethality of synadenium grantii hook. F. (Euphorbiaceae) extract to snails biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (gastropoda, planorbidae)

No Brasil, o caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) atua como principal vetor hospedeiro intermediário do helminto trematódeo Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae), agente etiológico da esquistossomose. O combate deste hospedeiro com substâncias moluscicidas é considerado uma das formas de redução do risco de transmissão da esquistossomose. Na busca por novos produtos naturais para controlar este vetor, o presente trabalho testou os extratos de algumas espécies vegetais exóticas consideradas tóxicas: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) e Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Apenas a espécie S. grantii apresentou atividade moluscicida (CL50 = 40,0 µg mL-1) promissora, sendo este o primeiro relato desta atividade para espécies do gênero Synadenium.

In Brazil, Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) snail serves as the principal intermediate vector host of Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae) trematode helminth, the etiologic agent of schistosomiasis. A way of reducing transmission risk of schistosomiasis is the combat of this host with molluscicide substances. In the search for new natural products to control this vector, the present study tested the extracts of some exotic plant species considered toxic: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) and Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Only the S. grantii species showed molluscicide activity promising (LC50 = 40.0 mg mL-1), and this is the first report of this activity to the genus Synadenium (Euphorbiaceae).

En Brasil, el caracol Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) actúa como principal vector hospedero intermediario del helmintos trematodo Schistosoma mansoni (Schistosomatidae), agente etiológico de la esquistosomiasis. El combate de este hospedero con sustancias molusquicidas es considerado una de las formas de reducción del riesgo de transmisión de la esquistosomiasis. En la búsqueda por nuevos productos naturales para el control de este vector, el presente estudio examinó los extractos de algunas especies exóticas de plantas consideradas tóxicas: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small (Phyllanthaceae), Croton floribundus Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), Euphorbia milii des Mol. var. breonii (Euphorbiaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Monstera deliciosa Liebm. (Araceae) y Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae). Sólo la especie S. grantii presentó actividad molusquicida prometedores (CL50 = 40,0 ug mL-1) promisora, siendo éste el primer relato de esta actividad para especies del género Synadenium.

Intoxicação por salinomicina em equinos - estudo de um surto em 39 animais / Intoxicación por salinomicina en equinos - estudio de un brote en 39 animales / Salinomycin poisoning in horses - study of an outbreak in 39 animals

Este artigo relata um surto de intoxicação acidental por salinomicina em 39 equinos. Ao exame físico os animais apresentavam claudicação, taquipneia, ataxia, sudorese e fraqueza. Em alguns se observou também decúbito permanente, dispneia, cianose e morte. Em amostras de soro foi detectado aumento significativo nos níveis de AST (aspartato-aminotransferase) e CPK (creatina-fosfoquinase), e no hemograma observou-se neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda. Vinte e um animais morreram e 18 sobreviveram, sendo hidratados com solução de Ringer com lactato de sódio e solução de glicose a 5%, e medicados com dexametasona, flunixina meglumina e furosemida. O exame necroscópico revelou necrose muscular aguda generalizada, coração globoso, necrose de miocárdio, congestão pulmonar severa, hemorragia na mucosa intestinal, congestão renal e fígado com aparência de noz moscada. Amostras de ração foram submetidas a análises laboratoriais que mostraram a presença de salinomicina em 1.300 ppm, índice muito acima do suportável por equinos.

This article reports an outbreak of accidental poisoning by salinomycin in 39 horses. On physical examination, the animals showed lameness, tachypnea, ataxia, sweating and weakness. Permanent recumbency, dyspnea, cyanosis and death were observed in some animals. In serum samples, significant increase in the levels of AST and CPK was detected, and hematology showed neutrophilia with a left shift. Twenty-one animals died and 18 survived, being hydrated with Ringer?s lactate and 5% glucose solution, and treated with dexamethasone, flunixin meglumine and furosemide. Necropsy revealed acute generalized muscle necrosis, enlarged heart, myocardial necrosis, severe pulmonary congestion, hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa, renal congestion and liver with nutmeg appearance. Food samples were subjected to laboratory tests which showed the presence of salinomycin in 1.300 ppm, far above the tolerable rate for horses.

Este artículo relata un brote de intoxicación accidental por salinomicina en 39 equinos. Al examen físico los animales presentaban claudicación, taquipnea, ataxia, transpiración y debilidad. En algunos se observó también decúbito permanente, disnea, cianosis y muerte. En muestras de suero se detectó elevación significante en los niveles de AST (aspartato ? aminotransferase) y CPK (creatina ? fosfoquinasa), y el hemograma mostró neutrofilia con desvío a la izquierda. Veintiuno animales murieron y dieciocho sobrevivieron, siendo hidratados con solución de Ringer con lactato de sodio y solución de glucosa a 5%, y medicados con dexametasona, flunixin meglumina y furosemida. El examen necroscópico reveló necrosis muscular aguda generalizada, corazón globoso, necrosis de miocardio, congestión pulmonar severa, hemorragia en la mucosa intestinal, congestión renal e hígado con apariencia de nuez moscada. Muestras de ración fueron sometidas a análisis en laboratorio, que mostraron presencia de salinomicina en 1.300 ppm, índice muy arriba del soportable por equinos.

potential use of n, diethyl-m-toluamide [deet] as a prophylactic agent in the control of schistosomiasis

This work studied the effect of [N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide] DEET on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae viability [in vitro] and skin penetration and migration [in vivo]. DEET concentrations of 30%, 15% and 7.5% were highly efficient in killing all cercariae in vitro within 30, 60 and 240 minutes, respectively. Two concentrations of DEET [15% and 7.5%] were tested separately for their antipenetrant and protective effects in mice by immersing their tails in the drug and then exposed to cercariae, 30 minutes later. It was concluded that DEET [cutaneous application] can be potentially used in the prophylaxis against S. mansoni. The cercaricidal, antipenetrant and protective effects were maximal at a concentration of 15% and resulted in complete protection from infection, which was difficult to achieve with helminthic vaccines. Single application of DEET could effectively protect against schistosomal infection for up to three days and even after two hours water wash. It is recommended to use OFF spray for its dual benefits. The topical use of DEET for protection against schistosomal infection might not be practical for large scale application

Immunological pattern in Syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with schistosoma mansoni and Leishmania D. infantum

The immunoglobulins [IgG, IgM, IgE and IgA] and the complements [C3 and C4] were studied in hamsters as result of a single infection [S. mansoni or L. D. infantum] and as concomitant infection [L. D. infantum on top of S. mansoni]. The immunological pattern showed profound IgG and IgA increase in the concomitant group than either infection alone. Also, concomitant infection induced more IgE increase than either infection alone. On the other hand, C3 and C4 showed more decrease in concomitant infection. The whole results were discussed

Studies on enzymatic activities in mice immunized with antigens prepared from Biomphalaria Alexandrina snails

In the present work, five antigenic fractions were prepared from Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. These antigens were immunized into five different groups of mice. The effect of these antigens on the serum enzyme activity levels, namely transaminase [GOT and GPT], alkaline phosphatase [alk-phase] and 5-nucleotidase [5- Nase], was studied and compared to those of non-immunized mice. In addition, the activity levels of these enzymes were also studied in control and immunized mice 10 weeks post infestation with cercariae of the Egyptian strain Schistosoma mansoni. Significant decreases were observed in the activity levels of GOT, GPT, Alk-phase and 5-Nase in the infested immunized mice as compared to the infested non-immunized mice. These results indicated the efficiency of these antigens in reducing the damaging effect caused by parasitic infestation

Estudo anatomopatológico de órgäos de Holochilus brasiliensis leucogaster (Rodentia, Cricetidae) naturalmente infectado por Shistosoma mansoni / Natural infection with Shistosoma mansoni in Holachilus brasiliensis leucoga

Os autores estudaram oogramas e alteraçöes anatomopatológicas de órgäos de Holochilus brasiliensis leucogaster, naturalmente infectados por Schistosoma mansoni. Os oogramas de segmentos dos intestinos delgado e grosso mostraram que, nos animais cuja parasitose era mais antiga, o número de ovos e cascas tendia a ser maior do que aqueles com infecçäo adquirida mais recentemente. A maturaçäo dos ovos parece ocorrer normalmente. As lesöes anatomopatológicas muito se aproximam daquelas verificadas no homem. Ressaltam-se aquelas verificadas no pânceas exócrino com presença de granulomas esquistossomóticos em diversas fases evolutivas e reduçào do número de ácinos, além da presença de processos regressivos comprometendo estas estruturas. É sugerido que H. B. leucogaster apresenta equilibrada relaçäo hospedeiro-parasita.