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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(5): 1469-1478, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352126

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se describen los principales aspectos de la labor del Dr. Juan Guiteras con relación a la sanidad cubana y a los avances de la ciencia de su época. Se presenta la situación higiénico-epidemiológica y las principales actividades de control realizadas bajo su dirección. Se siguió el método histórico-lógico, apoyado en la técnica de la revisión documental. En documentos del Archivo Histórico Provincial José Jacinto Milanés, y en artículos científicos del período, se revisaron informaciones y estadísticas de las principales epidemias ocurridas en Cuba entre 1900 y 1925: viruela, paludismo, fiebre amarilla, poliomielitis, peste bubónica, la gripe de 1918-1919 y la tuberculosis. Estas enfermedades se caracterizaron por una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La respuesta institucional ante las epidemias fue acertada y oportuna, a partir de los recursos y avances científicos con los que contaban: permitió erradicar la fiebre amarilla (1908), la peste bubónica (1915), la viruela (1923), y disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad de la gripe, la tuberculosis, la fiebre tifoidea, la poliomielitis y el paludismo. El Dr. Guiteras tuvo una participación decisiva en el control de las epidemias y en la sanidad de la Isla, desde sus altos cargos en el ramo (AU).


ABSTRACT The main aspects of Juan Guiteras Gener's work in relation to Cuban health care and to the scientific advances of his times are described. The hygienic-epidemiological situation of those times and the main control activities carried out under his direction are presented. The historical-logical method was followed, based on documental review technique. Information and statistics of the main epidemics that occurred in Cuba in the period 1900-1925: smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, bubonic plague, 1918-1919 influenza, and tuberculosis were reviewed in documents of the Archivo Histórico Provincial José Jacinto Milanés[Provincial Historic Archive Jose Jacinto Milanes] and in scientific articles of the period. Those diseases were characterized by a high morbidity and mortality. The institutional answer toward epidemics was successful and timely, based on the resources and scientific advances then had: it allowed to eradicate yellow fever (1908), bubonic plague (1915), smallpox (1923) and decrease the morbidity and mortality of influenza, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis and malaria. Doctor Guiteras made a decisive contribution in the control of epidemics and health in the Island, due to his high responsibilities in the field (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physicians/history , Disease/history , Science/history , Science/trends , Public Health/history , Cuba , Epidemics/history
4.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(3): 789-803, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289818

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La Unidad de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente en Matanzas, promueve desde el 19 de enero de 2018 la revitalización del Polo Científico Productivo, como forma de procurar un mejor uso a la ciencia matancera e integrar los esfuerzos de los centros de investigación y empresas en pos del desarrollo socioeconómico del territorio. Actualmente, la provincia se encuentra envuelta en un esfuerzo por lograr que cada organismo se responsabilice con la puesta en marcha del Polo Científico Productivo, con la Delegación Territorial del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente como entidad coordinadora. El presente trabajo valora la significación del Polo Científico Productivo en la elevación del impacto de la ciencia y la técnica en la solución de los problemas productivos del territorio matancero (AU).


ABSTRACT The Unit of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Territorial Delegation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment in Matanzas promotes, since January 19 2018, the revival of the Productive Scientific Pole as a form of giving a better use to science done in Matanzas province and integrating the research centers and enterprises efforts in pursuit of the socioeconomic development of the territory. Currently, the province is involved in an effort for ensuring that every organization assumes its responsibility in setting in motion the Productive Scientific Pole with the delegation of the Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Environment as the coordinating entity. This paper is written with the aim of assessing the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory. The current paper assesses the importance of the Productive Scientific Pole in increasing the impact of science and technique in solving the productive problems of the Matanzas territory (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Science/methods , Research/standards , Science/education , Science/trends , Ecological Development , /methods
6.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(1): e20170911, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1057747

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify funding demands in the light of CNPq's knowledge subareas, as well as data on researchers and research groups, their distribution in the regions and their approximation with health research priorities of the Ministry of Health and the new knowledge tree framework of the area. Method: a descriptive study developed with data from 2009 to 2014 about researchers, funding and research areas provided by the Diretoria de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Saúde (Department of Agriculture, Biology and Health Sciences). Results: there is a concentration of researchers and research groups in the Southeast region. The research priorities in the health field most frequently addressed were: Noncommunicable Diseases, Child and Adolescent Health, Women's Health and Communicable diseases. The grants could be classified in the current framework of knowledge areas. Final considerations: this analysis enabled visualizing subarea demands and relevance of changing the nomenclature of the classification of knowledge framework in order to represent the scientific production generated in the nursing area.


RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar demandas de financiamiento de las subáreas de conocimiento del CNPq, datos sobre investigadores, grupos de investigación, su distribución en las regiones de Brasil y su aproximación con prioridades de investigación en salud del Ministerio de Salud y de la nueva estrutura del árbol de conocimiento del área. Método: estudio descriptivo desarrollado con datos entre 2009 a 2014 sobre investigadores, financiamiento y áreas de investigación suministrados por la Diretoria de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Saúde (Dirección de Ciencias Agrarias Biológicas y Salud). Resultados: hay concentración de investigadores y grupos de investigación en la región Sudeste. Las áreas de la agenda de prioridades de investigación en salud más contempladas fueron: Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Salud del Niño y del Adolescente, Salud de la Mujer y Enfermedades Transmisibles. Las concesiones realizadas pudieron ser clasificadas en el actual árbol del conocimiento. Consideraciones finales: el análisis permite la visualización de las demandas de las subáreas y la pertinencia de la modificación de la nomenclatura del árbol del conocimiento, reflejando la producción generada por el área de enfermería.


RESUMO Objetivo: identificar demandas de financiamento das subáreas de conhecimento do CNPq, dados sobre pesquisadores, grupos de pesquisa, sua distribuição nas regiões do Brasil e sua aproximação com prioridades de pesquisa em saúde do Ministério da Saúde e do novo arcabouço da árvore de conhecimento da área. Método: estudo descritivo desenvolvido com dados entre 2009 e 2014, sobre pesquisadores, financiamento e áreas de pesquisa, fornecidos pela Diretoria de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Saúde. Resultados: há concentração de pesquisadores e grupos de pesquisa no Sudeste. As áreas da Agenda Nacional de Prioridades de Pesquisa em Saúde mais contempladas foram: Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Saúde da Mulher e Doenças Transmissíveis. As concessões realizadas puderam ser classificadas na atual árvore do conhecimento. Considerações finais: A análise permite a visualização das demandas das subáreas e pertinência da modificação da nomenclatura da árvore do conhecimento, refletindo a produção gerada pela área.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Research/methods , Science/trends , Science/methods , Brazil , Nursing Research/trends
8.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 90(1): 1-2, Mar. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886926

Subject(s)
Humans , Science/trends
10.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 27(4): 889-910, Out.-Dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895620

ABSTRACT

Resumo A Psiquiatria Biológica emerge nos anos de 1980, nos Estados Unidos, com a publicação do DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Este manual tem a proposta de ser a-teórico e apresentar descrições objetivas dos, então, chamados "distúrbios mentais" a partir de um critério classificatório que não inclui discussões acerca da etiologia destes "distúrbios". Isto implica que, apesar da denominação biológica conferida a esta vertente psiquiátrica, não houve nenhuma descoberta acerca da etiologia biológica destes distúrbios que justificasse sua denominação e seu estrondoso sucesso mundial. Neste artigo, pretendemos analisar as modificações ocorridas na psiquiatria norte-americana a partir da introdução do DSM-III, dos primeiros medicamentos psicotrópicos e o subsequente papel desempenhado pela indústria farmacêutica neste processo. Desse modo, o que está em análise neste artigo é que, ao se apropriar dos medicamentos psicotrópicos como primeira opção terapêutica, a Psiquiatria Biológica cria uma aliança com a indústria farmacêutica que a insere numa rede tecnocientífica que dificulta saber os limites entre Psiquiatria Biológica, Psicofarmacologia e Indústria farmacêutica.


Abstract Biological Psychiatry emerged in the 1980s in the United States with the publication of DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). This manual intends to be a-theoretical and to provide objective descriptions of "mental disorders" by using diagnostic criteria that do not include discussions about the aetiology of these "disorders". Hence and despite the "biological" label conferred to this branch of psychiatry, there is no explicit concern to ascertain the possible biological origins of "mental disorders" in DSM-III. In this paper we intend to examine the modifications in North American Psychiatry following the introduction of the first psychotropic medications and the subsequent role played by the pharmaceutical industry in this process. Thus, what is under analysis in our article is that, by appropriating psychotropic drugs as the first therapeutic option, Biological Psychiatry creates an alliance with the pharmaceutical industry that inserts it into a technoscientific network that makes it difficult to know the limits between Biological Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology and the Pharmaceutical industry.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Psychiatry/trends , Drug Industry/trends , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Science/trends
11.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 27(2): 297-317, Abr.-Jun. 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895585

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O presente artigo, baseado em revisão bibliográfica, busca estabelecer relações entre o discurso científico acerca da hereditariedade, surgido no século XIX, e um mito, que fornecerá à burguesia pós-revolucionária de então uma oportuna arma simbólica, que conciliará a noção de justiça com a admissão do caráter natural da desigualdade social. Moldando-se à perfeição ao mito do Gênesis, a Genética, inscrevendo as diferenças em uma espécie de justiça natural, desempenhará este papel. Desta forma, vê-se como uma teoria científica se apresenta como sublimação dos fantasmas de uma sociedade. Mas se a ciência os veste, a ficção os irá despir. Por esta razão, Émile Zola, cujos romances aprofundam a dimensão mítica dos enunciados da ciência, terá aqui uma de suas obras analisadas. O resultado é que algo vem à luz que, de outro modo, permaneceria oculto, sob a máscara transparente da Ciência. Dito de outra forma, o seu impensado, aquilo que ela não se atreveria a verbalizar: a noção de que a falta pesa.


Abstract: This article, based on a bibliographical review, seeks to establish relations between the scientific discourse on heredity, which emerged in the 19th century, and a myth, which will provide the post-revolutionary bourgeoisie with an opportune symbolic weapon that will reconcile the notion of justice with the admission of the natural character of social inequality. Shaping itself perfectly to the myth of Genesis, Genetics, inscribing differences into a kind of natural justice, will play this role. So it is seen as a scientific theory presents itself as sublimation of the phantoms of a society. But if science wears them, fiction will undress them. For this reason, Émile Zola, whose novels deepen the mythical dimension of the statements of science, will have here one of his works analyzed. The result is that something comes to light that would otherwise remain hidden under the transparent mask of Science. Put another way, its unthinking, what it would not dare to verbalize: the notion that lack weighs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Science/trends , Social Sciences , Journalism , Socioeconomic Factors , Human Genetics/trends , Literature
12.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 130(1): 18-20, mar. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973063

ABSTRACT

La revolución científica ha dominado a la Naturaleza a partir del desarrollo de la Tecnología. Se necesita de la Fenomenología para comprender cómo ha ocurrido ello desde el Subjetivismo Trascendental hasta el Objetivismo Naturalista, con el uso de la Razón y el olvido del Mundo de la Vida. Por su parte, a la Hermenéutica le compete el intento de descifrar el sentido de las acciones humanas, habladas, escritas con trasfondos de Ética, Estética y Religión. De ellas surge un sentido ontológico que debería incluir la relación Sujeto/Objeto y la idea de una acción comunicativa.


The scientific revolution has dominated the Nature from the Technological development. Phenomenology is necessary to understand how this happened from Transcendent Subjectivity to Natural Objectivity, through the Reason and forgetting the World of Life. Hermeneutics needs to recognize the human sense of actions, spoken, written and with Ethics, Aesthetics and Religion backgrounds. From them it appears an ontological sense, which should include a Subject/Object interrelation and the idea of a communicative action.


Subject(s)
Philosophy , Science/trends , Research/trends , Technological Development , Ethics, Research , Hermeneutics
13.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 128(2): 29-32, jun. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-767502

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión analiza los criterios de Modernidad desde sus orígenes así como el desarrollo e impacto de la Ciencia y la Tecnología. La Medicina ha recibido y experimentado numerosos cambios y el problema actual es encarar el cuidado de la persona padeciente con un criterio humanista, que necesita ser renovado para poder mantener el fundamento de su accionar durante siglos, actualizado en el seno de la CyT.


The present work reviews the Modernity criteria from their origins, together with the developmente and impact of the Science & Tecnology (C&T). Medicine received and experimented several changes and the actual problem is the care of the patient, up to date with the C&T.


Subject(s)
Science/trends , Technological Development , Medicine/trends , Scientific Research and Technological Development
17.
20.
Agora USB ; 12(2): 403-419, jul.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703257

ABSTRACT

La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación son elementos claves para el desarrollo económico y social de un país, sin embargo no son tema de amplia discusión desde la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo, es por ello, teniendo presente la importancia que ha cobrado la transmisión y masificación de ese conocimiento propuesta por Colciencias a través de la apropiación social de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación, interesa conocer cuáles han sido los aportes de las instituciones de cooperación internacional en América latina en general y cuales los posibles retos para Colombia.


Science, technology, and innovation are key elements for economic and social development in a country; however they are not a wide discussion topic from international cooperation for development. That is why, bearing in mind the importance that the transmission and the massification of that knowledge have gained, and which is proposed by Colciencias through the social empowerment of science, technology, and innovation; it is interesting to know which contributions the institutions of international cooperation have had in Latin America, in broad terms, as well as the general potential challenges that Colombia has to face.


Subject(s)
Humans , Science/classification , Science/education , Science/history , Methodology as a Subject , Science/methods , Science/trends , Knowledge
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