Severe scleral dellen as an early complication of pterygium excision with simple conjunctival closure and review of the literature / "Dellen" escleral grave como complicação precoce de excisão de pterígio com fechamento conjuntival simples e revisão da literatura

We describe a patient with acute scleral dellen (SD) after pterygium excision with simple conjunctival closure. In addition, we present a PUBMED review on the medical literature on early SD after pterygium surgery. This case describes a 45-year-old man who presented with severe SD, 7 days after pterygium surgery with minimal cauterization of episcleral vessels and simple conjunctival closure. No other adjunctive therapy was used intraoperatively. The patient refused conjunctival flap coverage of the lesion. Therefore, medical treatment consisted of antibiotic ointment, patching, and daily follow-up. After 7 days, the patching was changed for intensive ocular lubrication. Five weeks later, the surrounding conjunctiva had completely covered the affected sclera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of early SD following pterygium excision and simple conjunctival closure with no other adjunctive therapy. When performing pterygium excision with conjunctival coverage of the sclera, a close follow-up is recommended to rule out wound dehiscence and SD, even when surgical wound closure is considered to prevent SD. If this complication is detected, the treatment can be conservative.

Descrevemos um paciente com "dellen" escleral agudo (SD) após excisão de pterígio com fechamento conjuntival simples. Uma revisão adicional da literatura médica sobre SD precoce após a cirurgia de pterígio também é realizada. Este caso descreve um homem de 45 anos de idade, que apresentou SD grave, sete dias após a cirurgia de pterígio com cauterização mínima de vasos episclerais e fechamento conjuntival simples. Nenhuma outra terapia adjuvante foi utilizada no intraoperatório. O paciente recusou-se à cobertura de retalho conjuntival da lesão. Portanto, o tratamento médico consistiu em pomada antibiótica, oclusão e acompanhamento diário. Após sete dias, a oclusão foi mudada para a lubrificação ocular intensiva. Cinco semanas após, a conjuntiva cobriu completamente a esclera afetada. Ao melhor de nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato de SD precoce após a excisão do pterígio e fechamento conjuntival simples com nenhuma outra terapia adjuvante. Ao realizar a excisão do pterígio com cobertura conjuntival da esclera, um acompanhamento frequente é recomendado para descartar a deiscência da ferida e SD. Se esta complicação for detectada, o tratamento pode ser conservador.

Posterior scleral tuberculoma: case report / Tuberculoma escleral posterior: relato de caso

Posterior scleral tuberculoma formation is an extremely rare condition. The few reports on scleral involvement in tuberculosis refer to cases of anterior scleritis. In the present manuscript we describe a patient who had rheumatoid arthritis and developed a large posterior scleral tuberculoma. The lesion provoked retinal detachment and visual loss and was diagnosed only after enucleation due to a misdiagnosis of choroidal melanoma.

A formação de granuloma tuberculoso na esclera posterior é um evento extremamente raro. Os poucos relatos de acometimento escleral na tuberculose referem-se a casos de esclerite anterior. No presente trabalho é descrito um caso de granuloma escleral posterior em um paciente portador de artrite reumatóide. A lesão provocou descolamento da retina e perda visual e só foi diagnosticada após enucleação por suspeita de melanoma de coróide.

Scleral ulceration after vitreoretinal surgery.

Scleral ulceration after ocular surgery is a rare but serious complication. Determination of the underlying systemic and local causes is critical for treatment. An unusual case of ischemic scleral ulceration after vitreoretinal surgery in a diabetic patient is reported. Patient was successfully treated with a pedicle conjunctival graft.

Tumor indiferenciado da lâmina fusca / Undifferentiated tumor of the lamina fusca

Na reunião da Associação Pan-americana de Patologia Oftálmica, realizada em Los Angeles CA, 10 de Outubro de 1991, no DOHENY EYE INSTITUTE, C.O. Degrazia propôs o nome de LOFONEUROGONIOMA para um tumor solitário intra-ocular, indiferenciado, originado nas células da lâmina fusca, com células indiferenciadas de expressiva diferenciação para a linhagem schwannocítica, melanocítica e neuroendócrina. Em face do trimorfismo, o patologista pode ser conduzido para os diagnósticos de melanoma, schwannoma maligno ou outro tipo de tumor. O exaustivo estudo do tumor apresentado, através da microscopia eletrônica, da histoquímica e da imunohistoquímica permitiu a formulação da seguinte hipótese: uma célula indiferenciada em repouso, a lofoneurogô- nia, segue as linhagens melanocítica, schwannocítica e neuroendócrina. A diversidade de células dentro de um tumor, o continuus intratumor, responsável pela estrutura em mosaico de muitas neoplasias, além da multiclonalidade resultante de mitoses atípicas, pode ser explicada por essa hipótese. É dessa maneira que se torna compreensível a classificação de Callender para os melanomas intra-oculares nos tipos celulares fusiforme A, fusiforme B, epitelióide, fasciculado e misto, num verdadeiro continuus intertumores. Para justificar a designação proposta, e para enquadrar o caso num grupo taxonômico, foram usadas duas bases classificatórias: 1o ­ histogênica, isto é, correlacionar as células do tumor com as células normalmente existentes nas membranas oculares, no caso, a lâmina fusca; 2o ­ embriogênica isto é, delimitar um grupo de tumores cuja base, no desenvolvimento do embrião, é a crista neural (AU)

In the meeting of the Panamerican Association of Ophtalmic Pathology, held in the Doheny Eye Institute in Los Angeles, CA on Oct 10 1991, C.O. Degrazia proposed the name LOPHONEUROGONIOMA for an undifferentiated intraocular solitary tumor, originating from the cells of the lamina fusca, with undifferentiated cells of expressive differentiation for the schwannian, melanocitic and neuroendocrine lines. Because of the trimorphism, the pathologist may be led to the diagnosis of melanoma, malignant schwannoma or other type of tumor. The exhaustive investigation of the presented tumor through electronmicroscopy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry allowed the formulation of the following hypothesis: an undifferentiated cell at rest, the lophoneurogonia, follows the melanocitic, schwannian, and neuroendocrine lines. The diversity of cells inside a tumor responsible for the mosaic structure of many neoplasias, besides the multiclonality resulting from atypical mitoses, can be explained by this hypothesis. This also elucidates Callender's classification of intraocular melanomas in cell types fusiform A, fusiform B, epithelioid, fasciculated and mixed, in a true intertumor continuum. In order to justify the proposed designation, and to fit the case into a taxonomic group, two classificatory bases were used: first, a histogenic one, correlating tumor cells with normally existing cells; and second, embriogenic which bases is the neural crest (AU)

Spontaneous onset corneoscleral hematic cyst.

Corneoscleral cysts are a rare entity. We report a case of spontaneous corneoscleral hematic cyst, which was treated by cyst excision and lamellar corneal patch graft. No recurrence of cyst was noticed during the 6 years of followup.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma as an Isolated Corneoscleral Limbal Mass: a Case Report

A case of a juvenile xanthogranuloma of the corneoscleral limbus was encountered in a 5-year-old oriental boy, who presented with a 5-month history of a lump in the right eye. The lesion extended from the inferior limbus. This yellow-orange mass was vascular and firmly fixed to the underlying tissue. The lesion was diagnosed preoperatively as an atypical dermolipoma and an uneventful excisional biopsy was performed. The pathologic diagnosis showed the characteristic picture of a juvenile xanthogranuloma with numerous Touton giant cells. Dermoid and lipodermoid tumors, as a corneoscleral limbal mass, are the most frequently encountered in childhood. A juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare and usually benign skin disease with an unknown cause, which occurs in infants and young children. However, it can occur also as a corneoscleral limbal mass in young children.

Corneoscleral cyst treated with distilled water injection

To describe the first case of the treatment of a corneoscleral cyst by distilled water injection into a corneal cyst. The anterior wall of a cyst of the limbal communication was punctured with a surgical blade. Aspiration and irrigation of the contents of the cyst with a 27-gauge anterior chamber cannula were performed repeatedly, three times. Distilled water, instead of balanced salt solution, was injected into the collapsed cyst, and was then aspirated completely after 5 minutes. The injection and aspiration of distilled water was repeated once more. The scleral cyst was surgically excised. Twelve months after surgery, several small white granular opacities, presumably epithelial cell nests, were observed on the interface of the collapsed cyst cavity, but there was no recurrence of the cyst. The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 1.0 with a correction of +1.25-2.00 X 45. No significant change in central corneal endothelial cell density was noted. We suggest that this simple technique may represent an alternative method for the management of corneal cysts, and may have less risk of developing a corneal opacity or causing other serious damage to surrounding tissues.