Human infection with Pseudoterranova cattani by ingestion of "ceviche" in Buenos Aires, Argentina / Infección humana con Pseudoterranova cattani por ingesta de ceviche en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract Anisakidosis is an infection caused by larval nematodes that belong to several genera within the family Anisakidae. Anisakidosis has about 20000 cases reported to date, the vast majority (90%) in Japan. Usually, human anisakiosis is more common than human pseudoterranovosis in Japan and Europe, although in North America Pseudoterranova spp. is the more frequent. Cases of human pseudoterranovosis have been reported from Chile and Peru. We here report one of the few cases of human infection by Pseudoterranova cattani by consumption of ``ceviche'' in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Resumen La anisakidosis es una infección por larvas de nematodos que pertenecen a varios géneros dentro de la familia Anisakidae. Se han registrado aproximadamente 20.000 casos hasta la fecha, la mayoría (90%) en Japón. En Europa y Japón la anisakidosis es más frecuente en el humano que la pseudoterranovosis. En cambio, en América del Norte es más frecuente la infección humana por Pseudoterranova spp. También se han informado casos de pseudoterranovosis humana en Chile y en Perú. Informamos uno de los pocos casos de infección humana por Pseudoterranova cattani por consumo de ceviche en Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Doenças parasitárias associadas ao consumo de pescado no brasil: incidência e epidemiologia / Parasitic diseases associated with fish consumption in Brazil: incidence and epidemiology

A ocorrência de doenças parasitárias associadas ao consumo de pescado no Brasil geralmente passa desapercebida devido à baixa gravidade de seus sintomas e ao seu pouco conhecimento pelos médicos, inspetores sanitários e consumidores. Mais além, seu estudo é dificultado pela não obrigatoriedade de sua notificação, à escassez e pouca acurácia dos dados estatísticos disponíveis. Este trabalho apresenta uma atualização da incidência e epidemiologia das principais ictiozoonoses parasitárias associadas ao consumo de pescado em nosso país, com base numa minuciosa revisão bibliográfica. O resultado sugere que o perigo potencial destas doenças é alto, tendo em vista a descrição frequente da presença dos parasitas a elas associados em espécies de pescado de importância comercial consumidas no país. Entretanto, os dados disponíveis mostram a ocorrência de um número reduzido de casos, indicando seu baixo risco. A difilobotríase e a fagicolose são as principais ictiozoonoses presentes, ambas descritas recentemente e associadas ao consumo de pescado cru, mal cozido ou processado. A angiostrongilíase surge como uma ictiozoonose negligenciada emergente.(AU)

Gnatostomiasis cutánea, primer caso confirmado en Colombia / Cutaneous gnathostomiasis, first confirmed case in Colombia

La gnatostomiasis es una zoonosis parasitaria causada por algunas especies del género de helmintos Gnathostoma . La presentación clínica es muy variada y su diagnóstico constituye un desafío; es endémica en países tropicales y subtropicales, y la transmisión se asocia con el consumo de carne de animales acuáticos, cruda o mal cocida. En las últimas décadas, el creciente turismo internacional y el consumo de alimentos exóticos, han provocado un notable aumento de casos de la enfermedad. En nuestro país no se ha reportado ningún caso confirmado de gnatostomiasis. Se presenta el caso de un hombre colombiano de 63 años de edad, viajero frecuente al exterior, que consultó por presentar síntomas gastrointestinales. Durante la hospitalización desarrolló una lesión cutánea en el flanco abdominal derecho, de la cual se extrajo una larva cuya descripción morfológica permitió clasificarla como Gnathostoma spinigerum . Se trata de la primera confirmación de un caso importado de gnatostomiasis en Colombia. En este artículo se discuten las generalidades, la etiología, la patogenia y el tratamiento de la enfermedad, con especial énfasis en las características particulares de este paciente.

Gnathostomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by some species of helminthes belonging to the genus Gnathostoma . It has a wide clinical presentation and its diagnosis is a challenge. Tropical and subtropical countries are endemic, and its transmission is associated with eating raw or undercooked meat from fresh water animals. Increasing global tourism and consuming exotic foods have produced a noticeable rise in cases of the disease in the last decades. However, in our country, there has not been any confirmed case of gnathostomiasis previously reported. We present the case of a 63-year-old Colombian man with an international travel history, who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. During the hospital stay, he developed a cutaneous lesion on the upper right abdominal quadrant, where later, a larva was found. A morphological study allowed us to identify it as Gnathostoma spinigerum . As such, this is the first report of an imported case of gnathostomiasis confirmed in Colombia. This article describes the principles, etiology, pathogenic cycle and treatment of this disease with special considerations to our patient´s particular features.

Pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy associated with Clonorchis sinensis

No abstract available.

Anisakis simplex Larvae: Infection Status in Marine Fish and Cephalopods Purchased from the Cooperative Fish Market in Busan, Korea

The infection status of marine fish and cephalopods with Anisakis simplex third stage larva (L3) was studied over a period of 1 year. A total of 2,537 specimens, which consisted of 40 species of fish and 3 species of cephalopods, were purchased from the Cooperative Fish Market in Busan, Korea, from August 2006 to July 2007. They were examined for A. simplex L3 from the whole body cavity, viscera, and muscles. A. simplex L3 were confirmed by light microscopy. The overall infection rate reached 34.3%, and average 17.1 larvae were parasitized per infected fish. Fish that recorded the highest infection rate was Lophiomus setigerus (100%), followed by Liparis tessellates (90%), Pleurogrammus azonus (90%), and Scomber japonicus (88.7%). The intensity of infection was the highest in Gadus macrocephalus (117.7 larvae per fish), followed by S. japonicus (103.9 larvae) and L. setigerus (54.2 larvae). Although abundance of A. simplex L3 was not seasonal in most of the fish species, 10 of the 16 selected species showed the highest abundance in February and April. A positive correlation between the intensity of L3 infection and the fish length was obvious in S. japonicus and G. macrocephalus. It was likely that A. simplex L3 are more frequently infected during the spring season in some species of fish. Our study revealed that eating raw or undercooked fish or cephalopods could still be a source of human infection with A. simplex L3 in Korea.

Anisakiasis, un atentado culinario prevenible contra el tracto gastrointestinal / Anisakiasis, a preventable culinary attempt for the gastrointestinal tract

Nuevos hábitos culinarios se han esparcido, desde las culturas originales, para convertirse en costumbres universales. El riesgo que esta globalización puede aparejar probablemente sea subestimado, a no ser que los gastroenterólogos estén conscientes de nuevas enfermedades relacionadas, por ejemplo, con la presencia de agentes infecciosos. Anisakiasis es una de tales enfermedades, relacionadas con la ingestión de pescado crudo o poco cocido, que se presenta en la cultura japonesa, (“el sushi”, “sashimi”), áreas en Sudamérica (“ceviche”), España (“anchoas de vinagre”) y Países Bajos (el pescado crudo). La prevención, está relacionada con la manipulación apropiada, la cocción adecuada y el almacenamiento en frío del pescado. Anisakiasis podría convertirse en un problema clínico serio, debido al compromiso gástrico con ulceraciones, dolor y raras veces pseudotumores en la pared digestiva. El compromiso del intestino delgado es también considerable, secundario a una reacción inflamatoria local severa con edema y estenosis intestinal que simula una obstrucción intestinal. El tratamiento esteroidal generalmente resuelve la crisis, de lo contrario la cirugía es requerida. La reacción alérgica a la presencia del parásito puede llegar a ser un grave problema. La presente revisión trata de aspectos clínicos patológicos, así como del ciclo del parásito, instrumentos diagnósticos y manejo terapéutico.

New culinary habits have been spread, from their original cultures, to become universally known today. They are probably not or insufficiently considered as risky, unless the gastroenterologists become aware of new diseases related for instance with the presence of infective agents. Anisakiasis is one of such diseases, related with the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, with occurrence in the Japanese culture, (“Sushi”, “sashimi”), areas in South America (“Ceviche”), Spain (“vinegar anchovies”) and The Netherlands (Raw fish). Prevention is related with proper manipulation, cooking and fish frozen storage. Anisakiasis could become a severe clinical problem, because of gastric involvement with ulcerations, pain and rarely intramural pseudotumors. Small intestine involvement is also considerable due to severe inflammatory local reaction, with edema and intense narrowing of the intestinal lumen that mimics intestinal obstruction. Steroidal treatment often solves the crisis. Allergic and general reaction to the occurrence of the parasite is also sometimes a big problem. The present review deals with clinical pathological aspects, as well as parasite cycle, diagnostic tools and treatment.

Local perceptions and practices in regard to opisthorchiasis in two villages in Lao PDR.

The aim of the present study was to assess local perceptions and practices in regard to opisthorchiasis in a village receiving treatment and health education compared to a village where no intervention was offered. The study was conducted two years after a health education campaign had been carried out. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were performed among 68 men and women. The results of the study show there were distinct differences in perceptions about opisthorchiasis when comparing the two villages. It appears that introducing health education alongside treatment does have an effect on knowledge and change in behavior. Eating raw fish was mainly practiced by men, however women were not aware they were exposed to opisthorchiasis while preparing food. Although there is no locally derived term, a medically appointed term for opisthorchiasis was acknowledged. Due to the vague disease symptoms, no treatment seeking behavior was found in relation to the disease. Further studies are needed to shed light on gender differences in regard to eating behavior and to assess infection risk among different Lao dishes containing freshwater fish.

Relato de nematóides da família Anisakidae em bacalhau comercializado em Ribeirão Preto, SP / Report of nematodes of the Anisakidae family in codfish commercialized in Ribeirão Preto, SP

A anisaquíase é uma parasitose gastrointestinal dos seres humanos, resultante da ingestão acidental de larvas infectantes de nematóides da família Anisakidae. Foram analisadas 11 amostras de bacalhau sendo que 64 por cento estavam em desacordo com a legislação em vigor por conter nematóides da família Anisakidae e, portanto, impróprias para o consumo.

Anisakiasis is a human gastrointestinal parasitosis that results from accidental ingestion of infective larvae belonging to the Anisakidae family. Eleven codfish samples were analyzed and 64 percent did not conform to the present legislation, because they contained nematode larvae from the Anisakidae family and were therefore unfit for consumption.

Epidemiology of food-borne trematodes and other parasite infections in a fishing community on the Nam Ngum reservoir, Lao PDR.

Food-borne trematodes (FBT) are important causes of parasitic infections in many Asian countries. Parasitological surveys in Xai Udom, a small fishing community on the Nam Ngum reservoir, Lao People's Democratic Republic, revealed an overall parasitic infection rate in May 1999 of 68.8% (n = 173) and in December 1999 of 65.9% (n = 261). The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini accounted for most of the infections (prevalences of 53.8% and 42.1%, during the first and second surveys, respectively). The prevalence and intensity showed increasing trends with age. Minute intestinal flukes were also present but with relatively low infection rates (3.8-10.9%). The second common group of parasites comprised soil-transmitted nematodes, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis, with prevalences of 22.4 and 17.6%, 20.8 and 8.0%, 16.8 and 13.4%, and 4.0 and 15.3% (first and second surveys, respectively). Most people had no or only light infections, with a few people having heavy infections. Coexisting intestinal protozoa were Giardia lamblia (5.2 and 4.9%) and Entamoeba coli (6.9 and 6.5%). Concurrent tapeworm infections were Taenia (1.7 and 1.1%) and Hymenolepis nana (0.7 and 0.6%) (first and second surveys, respectively). Despite the availability of effective anthelmintic drugs, the results of our study reaf-firm that FBT are still a major health threat in this fishing area of Lao PDR, similar to a decade ago.

Four cases of gastric submucosal mass suspected as anisakiasis

Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of raw fish infected with anisakid larvae. Endoscopic changing patterns of submucosal lesions in chronic gastric anisakiasis have not been known yet. Here we report 4 cases of suspected gastric anisakiasis which were improved during follow-up periods without surgical treatment. The patients presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after consuming raw marine fish, and visited our gastroenterology outpatient department. Their endoscopic findings showed firm and yellowish submucosal masses accompanied with eccentric erosions. Histologic findings showed severe eosinophilic infiltrations. In blood tests, peripheral eosinophil counts and total IgE levels were elevated. We believed that all cases were caused by larval anisakid infections. The submucosal mass lesions disappeared during the follow-up periods of 2 to 4 mo.

Survival of Haplorchis taichui metacercariae in Lab-Pla, Thai traditional food preparation.

Lab-Pla is a famous kind of Thai traditional food in northern and northeasthern Thailand. Consumption of uncooked Lab-Pla can lead to trematode infection because cyprinoid fish serve as the 2nd intermediate hosts of trematodes. The preparation of Lab-Pla can be made in different ways, depending on seasonings used in different places. The effect of the seasonings used in Lab-Pla on the survival of Haplorchis taichui metacercariae were, therefore, determined. The methodology was done by the following: 100 g of chopped Siamese mud carp fish (Henicorhynchus siamensis) were used for each experiment of seasonings used for completely mixed Lab-Pla. Mixed materials were blended and digested by 1% pepsin solution to obtain metacercariae and then checked for the movement under a stereomicroscope. The results showed that metacercariae remained active in 5 experimental groups: fermented fish treated, fish sauce treated, chili powder treated, ground roasted rice treated, and complete mixed treated indicated by average as follows: 27, 38.7, 33.3, 42.7 and 21%, respectively. In conclusion, fermented fish and completely mixed methods have more effectiveness in killing metacercariae in Lab-Pla preparation than other seasonings (p < 0.05).

Some factors affecting Stellantchasmus falcatus metacercaria in laboratory.

Killing factors, various temperatures and solutions were studied in the laboratory on Stellantchasmus falcatus metacercaria in half-beaked fish (Dermogenus pusillus). Killing criteria followed the Movability Index from 1.000 within 24 hours. The metacercariae were collected from Chiang Mai moat. They were incubated in 0.85 % NaCl at -20 degrees C, room temperature, 4 degrees, 37 degrees, and 65 degrees C. The in vitro investigation showed that at -20 degrees C and 65 degrees C, the worms were killed within 18 and 2 hours, respectively, while other temperatures produced no effect. The solutions investigated were NaCl (10, 20, 30, and 40%), lemon juice (25, 50, 75, and 100%), acetic acid (5, 10, 20, and 30%), vinegar (1, 3, and 5%) and water as a control. The worms were killed in NaCl at 20, 30, and 40% within 12, 6, and 2 hours, respectively. Acetic acid at 5% and 10% killed the metacercaria within 12 and 6 hours while at 20% and 30%, within 2 hours. The killing effect of 3% vinegar was found within 18 hours and of 5% vinegar within 12 hours. Lemon juice showed no killing effect.

Investigation of Stellantchasmus falcatus metacercariae in half-beaked fish, Dermogenus pusillus from four districts of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Half-beaked fish, Dermogenus pusillus, collected from Mueang, Hang Dong, Doi Saket and Saraphi Districts, Chiang Mai Province, were examined for their infection status with Stellantchasmus falcatus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae. The infection rate of the fish was 100%. Fish in three of four districts were found only to have metacercariae of S. falcatus, whereas those in Saraphi District had mixed infections with metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum sp. The intensity of S. falcatus infection per fish varied; 652-1,342 (mean 999.5), 562-2,422 (1,323.1), 185-2,492 (502.6), and 22-550 (210.4) in Mueang, Hang Dong, Saraphi, and Doi Saket Districts, respectively. The body portions of the fish with the heaviest metacercarial infection were the muscles, in all districts. The present study confirms that half-beaked fish in Chiang Mai Province are heavily infected with S. falcatus metacercariae.

The endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal capillariasis in a child: a case report.

A 13-year-old boy was diagnosed as having intestinal capillariasis by gastroduodenoscopy. He presented with a 10-month history of chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea. The boy had stayed in central Thailand and had eaten uncooked fish and raw shellfish. Gastroduodenoscopy showed normal jejunal mucosa although histology revealed flattened villi, crypt proliferation, acute inflammation, and eosinophilic granulomata. An egg of Capillaria philippinensis was also seen. The child was treated with mebendazole for 30 days. He had gained six kilograms by the time of his last follow-up.

Identification of Acanthocephala discovered in changran-pickles and myungran-pickles

To identify acanthocephala found in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' each organ was measured in permanent slides. In the present report, the results obtained were as follows: 1. Morphology of male worms: Worms possessed 18-19 longitudinal rows, with 4 hooks per row, which became smaller towards the base of proboscis. Each worm contained two testis and six cement glands arranged linearly. Body 22.0 by 0.8-0.6 mm and 15.0 by 0.6-0.4 mm, proboscis 284.8 by 227.6 microgram and 524.9 by 151.4 microgram, proboscis sheath 1570.7 by 72.7 microgram and 751.9 by 280.4 microgram, lemnisci length 2566.7 and 1085.6, testis 2202.9-1860.5 by 737.0-575.7 microgram and 1033.8-981.1 by 463.1-351.6 microgram, cement glands 940.2 by 441.2 microgram and 610.0 by 369.1 microgram. 2. Morphology of female worms: Worms possessed 14-18 longitudinal rows, with 6-10 hooks per row and become smaller toward the base of proboscis. Each worm contained an uterine bell and uterus in the posterior portion and the eggs filled the body cavity. Body 14.0~51.0 mm by 0.7-0.5~2.2-1.4 mm, proboscis 466.1-268.9 microgram by 259.9-252.0 microgram, proboscis sheath 1550.7-506.0 by 298.8-231.1 microgram, lemnisci length 1325.7-473.1 microgram, eggs 112.4 by 28.5 microgram~51.7 by 14.0 microgram. In this present study, the acanthocephala collected in 'Changran-pickles' and 'Myungran-pickles' were identified as Echinorhynchus gadi by morphological features.