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1.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(2): e2020369, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279008

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de risco cardiovascular (RCV) elevado, a proporção de pessoas com RCV elevado que recebem tratamento e aconselhamento, e investigar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao desfecho, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados de subamostra da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, coletados por exames bioquímicos, em 2014-2015. Empregou-se regressão de Poisson. Resultados: A proporção de RCV elevado em homens foi de 11,2% (IC95% 9,6;12,9), e em mulheres, de 10,4% (IC95% 9,2;11,8%). No grupo com RCV elevado, 68,8% (IC95% 63,7;73,4%) receberam aconselhamento; 59,3% (IC95% 54,2;64,3%), medicamento; e 55,6% (IC95% 50,4;60,7%), ambos. Na análise multivariável, receber tratamento e aconselhamento mostrou associação com a idade de 50 anos e mais, e com autoavaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,26 - IC95% 1,06;1,51). Conclusão: A proporção de pessoas com RCV elevado que receberam tratamento e aconselhamento foi superior a 50%.


Objetivo: Estimar la prevalência de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) elevado, la proporción de personas con RCV elevado que reciben tratamiento y asesoramiento, e investigar los factores sociodemográficos asociados al resultado, en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con datos de la submuestra de la Investigación Nacional de Salud, recolectados por exámenes bioquímicos, en 2014-2015. Se usó la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La proporción de RCV elevado en hombres fue del 11,2% (IC95% 9,6; 12,9) y en mujeres del 10,4% (IC95% 9,2;11,8%). En el grupo con RCV elevado, 68,8% (IC95% 63,7; 73,4%) recibió asesoramiento, 59,3% (IC95% 54,2;64,3%) medicamento y 55,6% (IC95% 50,4;60,7%) ambos. En el análisis multivariable, recebir tratamiento y asesoramiento se mostró asociado a la edad de 50 años y más, y a autoevaluación de salud mala/muy mala (RP=1,26 - IC95% 1,06;1,51). Conclusión: La proporción de personas con RCV elevado que recibió tratamiento y asesoramiento fue superior a 50%.


Objective: To estimate the prevalence of high cardiovascular risk (CVR), the proportion of people with high CVR who receive treatment and counseling, and to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with this outcome, in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using subsample data from the National Health Survey, collected via biochemical tests, in 2014-2015. Poisson regression was used. Results: The proportion of high CVR in men was 11.2% (95%CI 9.6;12.9), and 10.4% (95%CI 9.2;11.8%) in women. In the group with high CVR, 68.8% (95%CI 63.7;73.4%) received counseling, 59.3% (95%CI 54.2;64.3%) received medication, and 55.6% (95%CI 50.4;60.7%) received both. In the multivariate analysis, receiving treatment and counseling was associated with being aged 50 years and over, and poor/very poor self-rated health (PR=1.26 - 95%CI 1.06;1.51). Conclusion: The proportion of people with high CVR who had received treatment and counseling was over 50%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiac Rehabilitation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Heart Diseases/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Secondary Prevention/statistics & numerical data
2.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(5): 398-406, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979375

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Secondary prevention of stroke is a very important goal for achieving continuous reduction in stroke mortality rates over the next decades. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis on the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ­(ELSA-Brasil), with data from Salvador, Vitória, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Porto Alegre. METHODS: This descriptive analysis focused on secondary prevention of stroke among participants who self-reported a medical diagnosis of stroke at the baseline of ELSA-Brasil, and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Overall, 197 participants (1.3%) reported a prior medical history of stroke. Participants with stroke were older and less educated and had lower mean monthly family income, compared with non-stroke participants. Among all stroke cases, 23.7% did not use any medication for secondary prevention of stroke. Use of secondary prevention was higher among men than among women (respectively, 59.6% versus 40.4%; P = 0.02 for aspirin; and 71.4% versus 28.6%; P = 0.04 for other antiplatelet drugs). Having private health insurance was associated with greater use of less cost-effective and more expensive medications (like angiotensinogen receptor blockers) and a tendency to use antiplatelet drugs other than aspirin, among participants reporting stroke, compared with others. Use of medication decreased as time passed after suffering a stroke. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of individuals with better access to healthcare services, use of secondary prevention for stroke was low, which may suggest that the situation in the general population is worse. Sex was the most important sociodemographic variable associated with low use of secondary prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Stroke/prevention & control , Stroke/epidemiology , Secondary Prevention/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Longitudinal Studies , Sex Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Stroke/drug therapy , Self Report , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 23(1): 111-120, mar. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-708050

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados a não adesão ao Papanicolau em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos de idade atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil, em 2010. Métodos: foi realizado estudo transversal; a amostragem foi aleatória, por conglomerados, com 230 mulheres entrevistadas; foi desenvolvida análise descritiva por estrato de interesse, estimada prevalência de não adesão e as razões de prevalência. Resultados: 12,6 por cento das mulheres entrevistadas não realizaram o Papanicolau nos últimos três anos ou nunca fizeram o exame; a não adesão ao Papanicolau foi significativamente superior entre mulheres que nunca frequentaram escola, com quatro ou mais filhos, história de quatro ou mais partos, que não usavam método contraceptivo e tinham conhecimento inadequado sobre o exame. Conclusão: houve elevada cobertura de realização do Papanicolau; entretanto, mulheres com fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da neoplasia cérvico-uterina, como pouca escolaridade e multiparidade, apresentaram cobertura abaixo do esperado.


Objective: to analyse factors associated with Pap smear non-adherence among women aged 25-59 living in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil, 2010. Methods: cross sectional study using random conglomerate sampling, 230 women were interviewed. Descriptive analysis was conducted by stratum of interest. Non-adherence prevalence and prevalence rate and prevalence rate ratios were estimated. Results: 12.6 per cent of women had not had a Pap smear in the last three years or had never had this examination. Non-adherence was significantly associated to women who had never gone to school, had four or more children, four or more childbirths, did not use contraception and had inadequate knowledge about the examination. Conclusion: we found a high proportion of adherence to Pap smears. However, coverage for women with risk factors for developing cervical cancer, such as low education and multiple childbirths, was below expected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vaginal Smears , Secondary Prevention/statistics & numerical data , Women's Health/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Public Health
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(6): 730-737, jun. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550698

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A doença coronariana é a maior causa mortis mundial, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), e a segunda no Brasil. Morte súbita ocorre de 4 a 6 vezes mais nos que já sofreram um infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM); em 6 anos, 18 por cento dos homens e 35 por cento das mulheres terão novo IAM. A prevenção secundária, cuja eficácia já foi demonstrada, é de fundamental importância. OBJETIVO: Testar a efetividade de um programa multiprofissional que visa a modificar fatores de risco para aterosclerose no sistema público. MÉTODOS: Dos 2.337 coronariopatas em tratamento ambulatorial, 513 com estudo coronariográfico concordaram em participar deste estudo, que utilizou como arma terapêutica palestras de como e por que controlar os fatores de risco. Análise estatística: variação significativa pré e pós-intervenção; teste t de Student emparelhado ou o teste de Wilcoxon; existência de diferença significativa entre dois grupos; teste t de Student para amostras independentes ou o teste de Mann-Whitney. Comparação entre três grupos: análise de variância (ANOVA) ou Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Colesterol, LDL, triglicérides, índice de massa corpórea, índices de Castelli I e II e medida da cintura apresentaram diminuição significativa, mesmo nos pacientes sem hipolipemiante. Na avaliação do impacto em relação à dieta, verificou-se que 72 por cento dos que não faziam dieta passaram a fazê-la. Atividade física: dos 55 por cento sedentários, 71 por cento passaram a exercitar-se três ou mais vezes/semana. Tabagismo: dos fumantes, 60 por cento (9 por cento do total) interromperam este hábito e 32 por cento o diminuíram. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados demonstram a eficácia de programas para melhorar hábitos de vida, aplicados em unidades do sistema público de saúde.


BACKGROUND: Coronary disease is the major worldwide cause of death, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the second in Brazil. Sudden death occurs 4 to 6 times more frequently in those who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI); within 6 years, 18 percent of the men and 35 percent of the women will have a new AMI. The secondary prevention, of which effectiveness has been previously demonstrated, is of utmost importance. OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a multiprofessional program that aims at modifying risk factors for atherosclerosis in the public health system. METHODS: Of the 2,337 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing outpatient treatment, 513 with a coronary angiography study agreed to participate in the present study, which used lectures on how and why to control risk factors as therapeutic tool. Statistical analysis: significant variation pre and post-intervention; paired Student's t test or Wilcoxon's test ; existence of a significant difference between the two groups; Student's t test for independent samples or Mann-Whitney test. Comparison among three groups: analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS: Cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, body mass index, Castelli indexes I and II and waist circumference showed a significant decrease, even in patients without hypolipemiant treatment. The assessment of the diet impact showed that 72 percent of the patients that did not follow a diet, started to do so. Physical activity: of the 55 percent sedentary patients, 71 percent started to exercise three or more times a week. Smoking: of the smokers, 60 percent (9 percent of the total) stopped smoking and 32 percent decreased the number of cigarettes. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the programs to improve life habits when applied to the units of the public health system.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control , Life Style , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Secondary Prevention/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cholesterol/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Health Status , Patient-Centered Care , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
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