Barriers experienced by people with disabilities participating in income-generating activities. A case of a sheltered workshop in Bloemfontein, South Africa

Background: People with disabilities often participate in income-generating activities (IGAs) in sheltered workshop in South Africa. However, they face many barriers that limit their ability to participate effectively in economic activities hosted by the workshops. Objectives: To illustrate the barriers that limit the participation of people with disabilities in IGAs in a sheltered workshop. Method: A qualitative exploratory single case study was conducted in a sheltered workshop. Eighteen participants, age 22 to 52 years with various disabilities were purposively sampled. Observations and semi-structured interview guides were used to generate data. Verbatim transcription was used after which content analysis was applied to identify ideas and concepts relating to barriers experienced by people with disabilities participating in IGAs. Results: Some of the barriers participants experienced included institutional barriers (ability to use working tools, inability to concentrate for long periods, lack of funds, language barriers, lack of motivation, activities that are not stimulating and lack of artistry skills) and attitudinal barriers (exclusion from decision making) These barriers had an adverse influence on their performance in IGAs. Conclusion: The study found eight different barriers that existed in a sheltered workshop which limited the participation of the people with disabilities that attended the workshop. This information can be used to develop strategies to address each barrier and promote increased participation of the individual thereby improving their quality of life

Concepções sobre trabalho elaboradas por usuários de saúde mental envolvidos em projetos de inserção laboral / Conceptions about the work established by users of mental health services involved in laboral insertion projects

O presente estudo elegeu como foco de investigação o trabalho desenvolvido por usuários de serviços de saúde mental em oficinas de geração de renda ou em cooperativas sociais. Objetivou-se identificar as concepções acerca do trabalho elaboradas pelos mesmos. Participaram do estudo quinze usuários. Para a coleta de material, utilizou-se a técnica da observação livre, entrevistasemi-estruturada e busca documental. O material empírico foi submetido à Análise Temática. A análise do material foi subsidiada pelos pressupostos teóricos da Desinstitucionalização e daEconomia Solidária. Os resultados mostraram que na concepção dos participantes o trabalho é uma importante ferramenta para a emancipação social das pessoas e um recurso que promove o autoconhecimento e a auto-realização. Aponta-se a importância de se considerar a opinião dos atores sociais diretamente comprometidos com a inserção laboral...

The present paper chose like investigation focus the work developed by users of mental health services in workshops of income generation or in social cooperatives. The aim was toidentify the conception of work formed by the users. This study has involved fi fteen users. The free observation technique, a semistructured interview and a document searching were used in order to gather data. The empiric material was submitted to ThematicAnalysis. The analysis of the material was based on the theoretical concepts of the Solidarity Economy and Deinstitutionalization. The results showed that on the conception of the participants of this study work is an important tool for the social emancipation of the people promoting self-knowledge and self-confidence. Itis important to mention the importance of the view of the social actors who are compromised directly with the laboral insertion...

Vulnerabilidade e autonomia na pesquisa com adolescentes privados de liberdade / Vulnerability and autonomy in the search with adolescents deprived of freedom / Vulnerabilidad y autonomía en la investigación con adolescentes privados de libertad

O planejamento de pesquisas com adolescentes privados de liberdade deve envolver escolhas éticas e bioéticas com o objetivo de atender a vulnerabilidade desses casos. O maior desafio encontra-se no fato de se buscar garantir o exercício da autonomia e da voluntariedade. Neste trabalho, apresentamos e discutimos as escolhas éticas e bioéticas efetuadas no planejamento de pesquisa que envolve adolescentes privados de liberdade, assim como as medidas especiais adotadas com vistas a garantir a autonomia e a voluntariedade dos participantes. Foram realizadas oficinas prévias que tiveram o objetivo de trabalhar os temas da autonomia e da voluntariedade com todos os adolescentes institucionalizados que tivessem a oportunidade de participar da pesquisa. Com isso, pretendeu-se que os adolescentes se tornassem mais fortalecidos e pudessem utilizar o exercício da autonomia como uma habilidade protetiva. De modo geral, avaliamos que a experiência de realização das oficinas foi bastante enriquecedora tanto para os adolescentes como para as pesquisadoras, e também que as oficinas atingiram os objetivos propostos, de forma que o planejamento resultou bem-sucedido. Os adolescentes iniciaram a participação nas oficinas com uma postura passiva e acrítica, e finalizaram-na com uma postura mais participativa, buscando discutir e esclarecer dúvidas. Sugere-se que essas questões sejam consideradas em estudos com essa população.

The planning of research with adolescents deprived of freedom should consider bioethical and ethical choices aiming at dealing with the vulnerability of these cases. The biggest challenge is the fact that they seek to ensure the exercise of autonomy and willingness. In this paper we present and discuss the ethical and bioethical choices made in the planning of research involving adolescents deprived of freedom, as well as the special procedures adopted to guarantee the autonomy and the willingness of the participants. Previous workshops were held with the aim at dealing with the issues of autonomy and willingness to all institutionalized adolescents who could participate of the research. Thus, the objective was that the adolescents became more empowered and could use the exercise of autonomy as a protective ability. We came to the conclusion that the experience of conducting the workshops was very enriching for both adolescents and for researchers, and also that the workshops were successful, for a successful planning resulted from it. The adolescents started their participation in the workshops with a passive and uncritical attitude, and ended with a more participatory attitude, seeking to discuss and answer the questions. It was suggested that these issues should be considered in studies with this population.

La planificación de investigación con adolescentes privados de libertad debe involucrar elecciones éticas y bioéticas con el objetivo de atender la vulnerabilidad de esos casos. El mayor desafío se encuentra en el hecho de buscar garantizar el ejercicio de la autonomía y de la voluntariedad. En este trabajo, presentamos y discutimos las elecciones éticas y bioéticas efectuadas en la planificación de investigación que involucra adolescentes privados de libertad, así como las medidas especiales adoptadas con vistas a garantizar la autonomía y la voluntariedad de los participantes. Fueron realizados talleres previos que tuvieron el objetivo de trabajar los temas de la autonomía y de la voluntariedad con todos los adolescentes institucionalizados que tuviesen la oportunidad de participar de la investigación. Con eso, se buscó que los adolescentes se fortalecieran más y pudiesen utilizar el ejercicio de la autonomía como una habilidad protectiva. De modo general, evaluamos que la experiencia de realización de los talleres fue bastante enriquecedora tanto para los adolescentes como para las investigadoras, y también que las oficinas alcanzaron los objetivos propuestos, de forma que la planificación resultó exitosa. Los adolescentes iniciaron la participación en los talleres con una postura pasiva y acrítica, y la finalizaron con una postura más participativa, buscando discutir y aclarar dudas. Se sugiere que esas cuestiones sean consideradas en estudios con esa población.

Programa de orientación vocacional laboral para personas con discapacidad de la fundación de adaptación laboral-IDEAL / Vocational work orientation program me for disabled people from the IDEAL foundation

Objetivo Optimizar el programa de Orientación Vocacional de la Fundación IDEAL dirigido a los beneficiarios en condición de discapacidad con el fin de favorecer un desempeño satisfactorio en la labor productiva del taller institucional y en el cotidiano de sus vidas para una futura reinserción laboral. Material y Métodos Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron a conveniencia 20 personas del proceso de orientación vocacional-laboral de la Fundación que desarrollaban una actividad laboral en el taller productivo. Se efectuó la caracterización de esta muestra mediante la batería basada en el formato institucional de Habilidades y Destrezas, se analizaron los puestos laborales de los talleres y se realizó la evaluación ocupacional de estos trabajadores adoptando las categorías propuestas por la Metodología Integral de Evaluación Ocupacional (MIEO). Partiendo de las categorías del formato institucional se establece una comparación entre las habilidades individuales de los beneficiarios y las demandas de su puesto laboral. Resultados La metodología de evaluación derivada del formato institucional de Habilidades y Destrezas ostenta limitaciones en su implementación. La mayoría de los beneficiarios despliegan buen rendimiento laboral en las actividades del taller, respondiendo a los requerimientos de percepción sensorial, motricidad y procesos mentales pero asumen malas prácticas de cuidado de la salud. Discusión Se debe favorecer la diversificación de actividades a las que tienen acceso los beneficiarios, prevaleciendo la realización individual con opciones que trasciendan lo laboral. Las consideraciones de orden productivo han llevado a los usuarios de la Fundación a adoptar prácticas que ponen en riesgo su salud y bienestar.

Objective Optimizing the IDEAL foundation's vocational guidance program for its disabled beneficiaries to promote their satisfactory performance in the institutional workshop and in their daily lives, aimed at their future re insertion into the labor market. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 20 handicapped people from the IDEAL foundation's vocational guidance program who had been assigned a workshop activity. This sample was characterized by using a battery of tests based on IDEAL's institutional format called Abilities and Skills. Workplace in IDEAL's workshop and occupational evaluation of the workers was analyzed using the integral occupational evaluation methodology (MIEO) categories proposed by the Latin-American Professional Rehabilitation Group (GLARP) as part of their Handicapped Disabled People's Standardized Integration Project. Users' individual abilities were compared to the requirements of their workplaces, based on the institutional format's categories. Results The evaluation methodology based on the institutional Abilities and Skills format had limitations, thereby hampering its implementation. Most users performed well regarding their assigned work shop activities, responding well to sensory-perception, motor function and mental processing requirements; however, they engaged in poor healthcare habits. Discussion Diversification of the activities to which the users/beneficiaries have access should be encouraged, promoting individual performance by providing options offering a wider scope than just that of the labor market/workplace. Production-related considerations have led the workshop's users to adopt practices endangering their health and putting their welfare at risk.

Brain Injury Vocational Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities

Brain Injury employment of persons with disabilities and vocational rehabilitation, vocational evaluation difficult, but through a professional in the field of positive results can be obtained. In addition to the brain for people with disabilities if they utilize a variety of schemes to obtain professional help. For example, sheltered workshop, enclaves employment, homebound employment, reserved employment, work activity centers; Sheltered employment, Supported employment, Transition is that employment. Brain Injury Rehabilitation for people with disabilities, first to build job skills assessment system, brain injury rehabilitation services for people with disabilities to strengthen vocational and medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, and the Indians and an occupation requiring.

Environmental stressors in relation to behavioral problems among homeless school-age children resident at shelter

Homeless children living at shelters, have many stressors facing them daily in the surrounding environment that contributing to behavioral problems [Bassuk, and Gallagher, 1994]. The purposes of this study were to assess a] stressors among school age homeless children resident at Helwan's shelter, b] behavioral problems among school age children resident at Helwan's shelter, and c] to examine the relation between the assessed stressors and behavioral problems of school age homeless children resident at Helwan's shelter. The sample of this study consisted of 30 homeless school age children resident at Helwan's shelter. Five tools were used to collect the data: 1] Structured interviewing questioner, 2] the Homeless Interview Schedule-Child's Version [HCIS], 3] Child Adaptive Inventory [CABI], 4] Life event's children Scale, and 5] The Beck Depressive Inventory [BDI]. The results depicted that the areas most frequently reported by school age homeless children as stressful were environmental shelter-life [83%]. The most [96.6%] had antisocial behavior problems. Children's Stressors, life events and children's depressive symptoms were positively correlated with children's behavioral problems [r=0.3 1, P<0.0 1, r=0.20, P<0.05, r=0.25, P<0.01 respectively]. Based on this study finding, it is concluded that Community health nurse can raise the awareness of parent during home visiting to reinforce importance of developing positive parent-child interactions to prevent fleeing children at street. Because the main stressors related to environmental shelter life so training programs should be done for workers at shelter for providing children free environmental stressors and building good communication skills, contributing to developing a sense of empowerment among children to overcome developing stressors and behavioral problems

Valoración del impacto funcional producido en participantes de taller laboral protegido / Functional impact assessment of participation in los Coihues sheltered workshop

El objetivo principal del estudio es demostrar que el área de desempeño del trabajo tiene una influencia determinante en el quehacer funcional de las personas. Por otra parte es importante poder evaluar y objetivar los logros de los programas de acción dirigidos hacia personas discapacitadas. Para ello se propone el siguiente instrumento de evaluación: la Pauta de Independencia Funcional (PIF) Este instrumento fue aplicado a una población de 14 pacientes que han sufrido un accidente de trabajo y/o trayecto y cuya condición actual es de institucionalización, De estos el 80 por ciento secuelados de TEC y 20 por ciento lesionados medulares que asisten al Taller Laboral Protegido durante un período de 2 años, rango de edad entre 29 y 74 años (promedio 56 años y tiempo de institucionalización de 8 años promedio). La evaluación PIF consideró 5 áreas en su desempeño y habilidades: motora, social, cognitiva, actividades de la vida diaria y laboral. En todas ellas se observaron logros, principalmente en el área social y laboral, siendo facilitadas también las otras áreas. Los pacientes muestran altos niveles de satisfacción personal y beneficios directos en relaciones interpersonales, ánimo. Es importante destacar el sentido de pertenencia al grupo, mayor identidad en roles sociales y un discreto cambio en la expresión verbal y no verbal que manifiesta indicadores volicionales inherentes al ser humano como persona, estos factores se reflejan en la pauta PIF.

The main goal of this study is to demonstrate that maintaining an active work life has a determining impact on people’s functional tasks. We also considered important to objectively assess the benefits of programs developed for disabled adults. We propose the use of the Functional Independence Assessment (FIA) to fulfil these goals. This instrument was administered to 14 inpatients, 80 percent of which had suffered disabling traumatic brain injury, and 20 percent with spinal cord injury, all of whom have had attended the sheltered workshop of Clínica Los Coihues during a two year period. Their ages ranged between 29 and 74 years old, with an average of 56 years, and their average time of hospitalisation was of 8 years. The FIA considers five performance areas and abilities: motor, social, cognitive, activities of daily living, and work. We observed achievements in all of these areas, specially in the social and work aspects, although all areas were facilitated. Patients demonstrated high levels of personal satisfaction as well as direct benefits in their interpersonal relationships and mood. It is important to emphasize a sense of belonging to a group, a greater identity in social roles, and an increase in significant verbal and non verbal expression, which represent volitional indicators that are inherent to the human being as a person. These factors are demonstrated in the FIA.

Efetividade da lei de reserva obrigatória de empregos aos deficientes das empresas localizadas no município do Recife / Effectiveness of the protection law and job reservation

Avaliar a efetividade da reserva obrigatória de empregos aos "deficientes" nas empresas localizadas no Recife, com cem ou mais funcionários. Foram avaliados 43 empresas entre as cadastradas na Federação das Industrias e Empresas de Pernambuco. essas foram classificadas, segundo comportamento perante a lei de proteção às pessoas portadoras de deficiência (PPDs), em: A - Cumpridoras da Lei (atingiam o número de deficientes estipulado); B - Cumpridoras parciais da Lei (não atingiam o número de deficientes estipulado, mas empregava deficientes) e C- Não cumpridoras da Lei ( não empregavam deficientes). A distribuição das frequênciasdas empresas, segundo comportamento perante a Lei, foi: A - duas empresas (4,7por cento) ; B - 17 empresas (39,5por cento)e C - 24 empresas (55,8por cento). O processo de inserção de deficientes no mercado de trabalho na cidade do Recife é precário, visto que a maioria das empresas descumprem a Lei o que está em concordância com o Relatório Final da Comissão de Estudos para inserção de PPDs no brasil. Contudo, os dados apontam avanços. Comparando a frequêmcia das empresas cumpridoras da Lei no Recife com as empresas da cidade de Osasco, observa-se um cumprimento mais efetivo da Lei em Osasco (p<0,001). É necessário intensificar a fiscalização e notificação das empresas, pois, a conseqüência da falta de cumprimento dessa Lei - ilegalidade contra o ser humano, gera prejuízo pra o cidadão, para a sociedade e para o estado

Pode a arte ser terapêutica?: reflexões a partir do trabalho desenvolvidocom pacientes da terceira idade: no atleiê da visda do Instituto de Psiquiatria da UFRJ -IPUB / Can the art be therapeutic?: reflections starting from th work developed

O trabalho com a expressão artística no ateliê de artes visuais integra as oficinas de arte do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IPUB, o Ateliê da Vida faz parte do projeto terapêutico multidisciplinar desenvolvido no setor de psicogeriatria, intimamente comprometido com as transformações na assistência psiquiátrica...

Oficina de som e movimento: um espaco de intervencao terapeutica ocupacional / Workshop of sound and movement: a space of intervention therapeutic occupational

O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever o efeito da intervencao terapeutica - oficina de som e movimento na criatividade, na expressao e na socializacao dos idosos institucionalizados, bem como avaliar...

Oficinas de trabalho: sociabilidade ou geracao de renda? / Labor workshop: sociability or income?

Sao apontadas questoes acerca da participacao de pessoas com ou sem deficiencias ou transtornos psiquicos, em oficinas de trabalho realizadas na comunidade onde residem. O estudo...

Esquizofrenia e inserción laboral / Schizophrenic and work insertion

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación sobre la situación laboral de 150 pacientes esquizofrenicos ambulatorios de diversas instituciones que pretenden rehabilitar a dichos pacientes y centros diurnos. Se concluye que sólo un 13,3 por ciento de los pacientes trabajan en situaciones competitivas, contra un 62 por ciento o un 71,3 por ciento (según el modelo que se utilice) que podrían hacerlo si no existieran otras circuntancia que lo impiden. Examinando la movilidad ocupacional de los pacientes, la inmensa mayoría han visto reducido notoriamente su nivel ocupacional en el tiempo. De los que no trabajan (ni siquiera en trabajos protegidos por instituciones de salud), un 39,8 por ciento ha realizado esfuerzos por lograrlo sin conseguirlo. Los trabajos protegidos cumplirían un propósito satisfactorio (que no es el caso) si se cumpliera el principio: a igual trabajo, igual remuneración. En cuanto a las apariciones de lo que les falta o lo que desearían para el futuro, lejos la reinserción laboral ocupa el primer lugar, seguido aun apreciable distancia por el deseo de tener una pareja o constituir una familia propia, como las principales aspiraciones

Una experiencia de psiquiatría social / An experience of social psychiatry

Se describe la experiencia de cinco años de trabajo de un Servicio de Psiquiatría inserto en un hospital general de provincia, orientada a su transformación de una entidad clínica tradicional en una institución de psiquiatría clínica y social. Se analizan las condicionantes socioeconómicas y epidemiológicas que caracterizan la provincia de Iquique, se presenta una visión crítica de los modelos dominantes en el ámbito de la rehabilitación psiquiátrica y se exponen los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de nuestro trabajo. Finalmente, se presenta un diseño estratégico en el que se basan los programas y las actividades tanto clínicas como comunitarias del Servicio y se hace una breve descripción de ellas