Tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in colon mucosa without intestinal transit subjected to intervention with Curcuma longa (curcumin)

Abstract Purpose: To measure the tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content of the colon mucosa without fecal flow, subjected to intervention with curcumin, and the influence of the concentration used and the intervention time. Methods: Thirty-six rats were subjected to proximal right colostomy and distal mucous fistula. They were divided into two groups according to whether sacrifice was performed two or four weeks after the intervention. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the enema applied daily: saline alone; curcumin at 50 mg/kg/day or curcumin at 200 mg/kg/day. Acid mucins were diagnosed using the Alcian blue technique. The mucin content was quantified by means of computer-assisted image analysis. The significance level of 5% was used throughout (p < 0.05). Results: There were dose-related increases in the quantities of sulfomucins in the animals subjected to interventions with curcumin, both after two weeks (p < 0.00001) and after four weeks (p < 0.00001). There were increases in sialomucin quantity that were concentration-related (p < 0.00001) and time-related (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Curcumin enemas increase the quantity of acid mucins in the intestinal flow in the excluded colon, with dose and time dependency.

Análise morfométrica da parede intestinal e dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no jejuno de frangos suplementados com probiótico Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102 / Morphometric analysis of the intestinal wall and the dynamic of mucins secreted in the jejunum of broilers supplemented with Bacillus subtilis strain C3102

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a morfometria da parede intestinal e a dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no jejuno de frangos de corte suplementadas com probiótico Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102. Foram utilizados 720 pintinhos com um dia de vida, divididos em dois grupos: GA (Grupo controle) - aves alimentadas com ração sem suplementação de Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102 (1º ao 35º dia) e GB (Grupo tratado) - aves alimentadas com ração com suplementação de Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102 (1º ao 35º dia). Aos 7 e 35 dias 2cm do jejuno foram coletados e submetidos à rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes transversais de 1μm foram corados pela técnica do Alcian Blue (AB) para detecção de sialomucinas (pH 0,5) e sulfomucinas (pH 2,5), como também para contagem de células caliciformes presentes. A análise histoquímica revelou uma maior quantidade de sialomucinas presentes no jejuno dos animais que foram suplementados com probiótico Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102 (GB), quando comparados com os animais do grupo controle (GA). O número de células caliciformes presentes no grupo tratado (GB) foi superior ao grupo controle (GA).

The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of the intestinal wall and the dynamics of mucins secreted in the jejunum of broilers supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain C3102. We used 720 chicks with a day of life, divided into two groups: GA (control group) - birds fed diet without supplementation of Bacillus subtilis strain C3102 (1 to 35 days) and GB (treated group) - birds fed with supplementation of Bacillus subtilis strain C3102 (1 to 35 days). On the 7th and the 35th day, 2cm of jejunum were collected and submitted to histological processing. 1μm cross sections were stained by Alcian blue (AB) for detecting of sialomucins (pH 0.5) and sulphomucins (pH 2.5) as well as to count goblet cells. Histochemical analysis revealed a greater amount of sialomucins in the jejunum of animals that were supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain C3102 (GB), when compared with the control group (GA). The number of goblet cells in the treated group (GB) was higher than the control group (GA).

Tissue content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in the colonic mucosa, without fecal stream, undergoing daily intervention with sucralfate

PURPOSE: To measure the content of acidic mucin, sialomucin, and sulfomucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with sucralfate (SCF). METHODS: Thirty-six rats were submitted to a right colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to sacrifice to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into three subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline, SCF at 1.0 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis. Acid mucins were determined with the Alcian-Blue and sulfomucin and sialomucin by high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) techniques. The mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5% for both (p<0.05). RESULTS: SCF enemas decreased the inflammation score and was related to the concentration used and time of the intervention. SCF at both concentrations increased the content of acid mucin, which was related to the concentration used and to the improvement in the inflammatory score. There was an increase in the content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in SCF groups. SCF increased sulfomucins from 2 weeks of intervention, which was not related to the dose or time of application. The increase in sialomucin content was related to the time and dose used in the intervention. CONCLUSION: Sucralfate increased the content of acidic mucins, primarily at the expense of sialomucin, which was affected by the dose and time of intervention. .

Quantification by computerized morphometry of tissue levels of sulfomucins and sialomucins in diversion colitis in rats / Quantificação por morfometria computadorizada dos níveis teciduais de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na colite de exclusão em ratos

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa, by means of computer-assisted image processing, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating with the duration of fecal transit exclusion. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by means of constructing a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. They were distributed randomly into three experimental groups of 15 animals, of which 10 were subjected to colon diversion (experimental subgroup) and five were only subjected to laparotomy, without colon diversion (control subgroup). The three experimental groups were formed according to the sacrifice date, which was to be performed six weeks after the surgical procedure (Group A), 12 weeks (Group B) and 18 weeks (Group C). The sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa was evaluated using the histochemical technique of high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). The tissue expression was quantified for each animal, in the segments with and without fecal stream, at a location where there were four complete contiguous crypts in two random fields, with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis software. The final value was taken to be the mean reading from the two fields selected, in the segments with and without fecal stream. To compare the expressions of the two mucin subtypes in the segments with and without fecal stream, the paired Student t test was used. To analyze variance according to duration of exclusion, ANOVA with the Newman-Keuls post-test was used, setting the significance level at 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant reductions in tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the colon without fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion considered. There was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin in the segments without fecal stream, ...

OBJETIVO: Quantificar, por meio de processamento de imagem assistida por computador, a intensidade de expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito e relacionando-a ao tempo de exclusão de trânsito fecal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo pela confecção de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos de forma randomizada em três grupos experimentais de 15 animais, nos quais 10 foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito cólico (subgrupo experimental) e cinco somente a laparotomia exploradora sem desvio do trânsito fecal (subgrupo controle). Os três grupos experimentais foram formados segundo o sacrifício ter sido realizado em seis (grupo A), 12 (Grupo B) e 18 semanas (Grupo C). A avaliação da expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica foi realizada pela técnica histoquímica da diamina de ferro alto alcian-blue (HID-AB). A quantificação da expressão tecidual foi determinada, para cada animal, nos segmentos com e sem trânsito, em local onde existiam quatro criptas contíguas e íntegras em dois campos aleatórios com auxílio de programa de análise de imagem assistida por computador. Adotou-se como valor final a média das leituras dos dois campos selecionados, nos segmentos providos e desprovidos de trânsito fecal. Na comparação entre a expressão dos dois subtipos de mucinas nos segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado. Para análise de variância segundo o tempo de exclusão utilizou-se o teste de ANOVA com o pós-teste de Newmann-Keuls, estabelecendo-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Houve redução significante no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas no cólon desprovido de trânsito fecal, independente do tempo de exclusão considerado. Houve aumento no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e diminuição de sialomucinas nos segmentos ...

Early morphological and histochemical alterations in rats subjected to ileocystoplasty / Alterações morfológicas e histoquímicas precoces em ratos submetidos à ileocistoplastia

PURPOSE: To study morphologic and histochemical alterations arising at the ileocystoplasty site. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar female rats were subjected to ileocystoplasty and sacrificed after eight weeks. Material collected was divided into four groups for histological and histochemical studies: Group I (control) - isolated ileum segment removed during ileocystoplasty; Group II - ileoileal anastomosis; Group III - ileovesical anastomosis and Group IV - ileal segment from the neobladder. Histological and histochemical study assessed dysplasia, metaplasia, acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, total mucins, sialomucins and sulfomucins. The non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were employed in statistical analysis. RESULTS: None of the groups presented dysplasia. Acute inflammation and atrophy occurred in Groups II, III and IV, not reaching statistical significance. Metaplasia was significant only in Group III (p=0.012). Chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy were significant in Groups II, III and IV. There was a significant increase in total mucin content in Group IV (p=0.014) and a reduction in Group III (p=0.016). Increases in sialomucins were observed in samples for Groups III (p=0.003) and IV (p=0.002) along with reduced sulfomucins in samples from Groups III (p=0.013) and IV (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Ileocystoplasty in female rats caused squamous metaplasia, chronic inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increase in sialomucin content, reduction in sulfomucins, and alterations in total mucin content with statistical significance, as well acute inflammatory infiltration and muscular atrophy with less intensity.

OBJETIVO: Estudar alterações morfológicas e histoquímicas nas ileocistoplastias em ratos fêmea. MÉTODOS: 16 ratos fêmea foram submetidos à ileocistoplastia, sacrificadas após oito semanas. O material coletado foi e dividido em quatro grupos para análise morfológica e histoquímica: Grupo I (controle) biópsia intestinal no momento da cirurgia; Grupo II - anastomose íleo-ileal; Grupo III - anastomose íleo-vesical e Grupo IV - segmento intestinal da neobexiga. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: displasia, metaplasia, processo inflamatório agudo e crônico, fibrose, atrofia, hipertrofia, conteúdo total de mucinas, sialomucinas e sulfomucinas. Utilizou-se os testes não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney para estudo estatístico. RESULTADOS: Não houve displasia. Processo inflamatório agudo e atrofia ocorreram nos grupos II, III e IV, sem significância estatística. Metaplasia com significância estatística ocorreu somente no grupo III (p=0.012). Processo inflamatório crônico, fibrose e hipertrofia foram significantes nos grupos II, III e IV. Observou-se aumento significante no conteúdo total de mucinas no grupo IV (p=0.014) e redução no grupo III (p=0.013). Aumento significante de sialomucinas foi observado nos grupos III (p=0.003) e IV (p=0.002) e redução significante das sulfomucinas nos grupos III (p=0.013) e IV (p=0.008). CONCLUSÃO: Nas ileocistoplastias em ratos fêmea observou-se metaplasia escamosa, processo inflamatório crônico, fibrose, hipertrofia, aumento do conteúdo de sialomucinas, redução das sulfomucinas e alterações no conteúdo total de mucinas com significância estatística, bem como atrofia e processo inflamatório agudo em menor intensidade.

Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream in rats / Quantificação tecidual de mucinas neutras e ácidas na mucosa do cólon com e sem trânsito intestinal em ratos

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of the expression of neutral and acids mucins in mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream and to correlate this with the duration of fecal transit diversion. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to fecal transit deviation in the left colon by a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three experimental groups, according to whether sacrificing would be performed six, 12 or 18 weeks after surgery. The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using the histochemical techniques of Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue, respectively. The tissue mucins expression was quantified by computer-assisted image analysis software (NIS-Elements) in the segments with and without fecal stream. Student's paired t test was used to compare the quantities of mucins in colon with or without fecal stream and variance between the experimental groups by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-test, establishing level of signification of 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant decreased quantities of acid and neutral mucins in the colon without transit, compared with the colon with fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion. There was increased expression of neutral mucins in the colon with fecal stream after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. There was no increase in the expression of acid mucins in the colon with transit as the duration of fecal transit exclusion progressed. There was increased production of acid mucins in the animals submitted to diversion of the fecal stream for 18 weeks, compared with those subjected to diversion for 6 and 12 weeks. In the colon without fecal stream, there was increased expression of neutral mucins after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Deviation of the fecal stream decreased the expression of acid and neutral mucins in the segments without fecal transit, compared with segments with transit. Regardless of ...

OBJETIVO: Quantificar a intensidade de expressão de mucinas neutras e ácidas na mucosa cólica provida e desprovida de trânsito intestinal relacionando-a ao tempo de exclusão fecal. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo por colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais segundo o sacrifício ter sido realizado seis, 12 e 18 semanas após a cirurgia. A avaliação da expressão de mucinas neutras e ácidas na mucosa cólica foi realizada com as técnicas histoquímicas do Periódico Ácido de Schiff e Azul de Alcian, respectivamente. A quantificação da expressão tecidual das mucinas foi com auxílio de programa de análise de imagem assistida por computador (NIS-Elements) nos segmentos providos e desprovidos de trânsito fecal. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado na comparação da expressão de mucinas nos segmentos com e sem trânsito e a variação na expressão entre os grupos experimentais pelo teste ANOVA e pós-teste de Newmann-Keuls, estabelecendo-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Houve redução na quantidade de mucinas neutras e ácidas no cólon desprovido de trânsito quando comparado ao cólon provido de trânsito, independente do tempo de exclusão. Ocorreu aumento na expressão de mucinas neutras no cólon provido de trânsito intestinal após 12 e 18 semanas de exclusão. Não houve aumento na expressão de mucinas ácidas no cólon provido de trânsito com o progredir do tempo exclusão de trânsito fecal. Ocorreu aumento na produção de mucinas ácidas nos segmentos com exclusão de trânsito por 18 semanas quando comparados aos animais submetidos à exclusão por seis e 12 semanas. No cólon desprovido de trânsito ocorreu aumento na expressão de mucinas neutras após 12 e 18 semanas de exclusão. CONCLUSÕES: A derivação do trânsito fecal diminui a expressão de mucinas ácidas e neutras nos segmentos desprovidos de trânsito fecal ...

Mucinas del aparato genital masculino de la baba (caiman crocodilus crocodilus) / Mucins of the male genital tract of the spectacled cayman (caiman crocodilus crocodilus)

Se realizó el estudio histoquímico de mucinas en las vías espermáticas de nueve babas adultas, utilizando las coloraciones Hematoxilina-Eosina, PAS, PAS-Digerido (Diastasa) y PAS-Azul de Alcian a pH 1,0 y 2,5. Los hallazgos encontrados fueron: reacción PAS. positiva en el epidídimo caudal; reacción positiva a PAS y PAS-Azul de Alcian a pH 2,5 y 1,0 en el colículo seminal, surco eyaculador del pene y superficie dorsal del pene, evidenciando la presencia de mucinas neutras, sialomucinas y sulfomucinas, respectivamente; reacción positiva a PAS y PAS-Azul de Alcian a pH 2,5 en la superficie dorsal y ventral del pene, evidenciando la presencia de mucinas neutras y sialomucinas. Se analizan las posibles correlaciones fisiológicas, tomando en cuenta la ausencia de glándulas sexuales anexas en esta especie.

A inter-relação das sialomucinas (antígenos Tn e Stn) com o adenocarcinoma no esôfago de Barrett / Relationship of the sialomucins (Tn and Stn antigens) with adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus

OBJETIVO: O esôfago de Barrett (EB) é conseqüência do refluxo gastroesofágico crônico e considerado fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma. Estudos do muco, em especial das mucinas ácidas representadas pelas sialomucinas presentes nas células caliciformes, mostraram que na metaplasia do tipo intestinal, o epitélio do órgão pode expressar antígenos denominados Tn e Stn. Estes antígenos já foram analisados em tumores gástricos e colônicos, porém não foram encontradas referências à sua utilização no EB. Este trabalho objetivou analisar estes antígenos em doentes com EB e em adenocarcinoma associado ao EB. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, utilizando testes imunohistoquímicos, os antígenos Tn e Stn, nas biópsias endoscópicas de 29 doentes com EB, sete com adenocarcinoma no EB, além de oito indivíduos com epitélio esofágico normal. RESULTADOS: Nas células caliciformes, foi observada positividade para Stn em 100 por cento dos casos e para Tn em 48 por cento dos casos. Nas células colunares, o Stn foi sempre negativo, enquanto o Tn foi positivo em 100 por cento dos casos. Entretanto, nos doentes com adenocarcinoma no EB, a positividade para ambos os antígenos foi de 100 por cento. Nos indivíduos normais, houve positividade para o antígeno Tn e negatividade para Stn em todos os casos (100 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: É provável que nos doentes com EB a positividade para o Tn, à semelhança do ocorrido quanto à positividade do mesmo antígeno nos portadores de adenocarcinoma, possa significar maior suscetibilidade para ocorrência futura de câncer. Assim, a pesquisa das sialomucinas poderá ser rotineiramente utilizada, contribuindo como fator prognóstico para desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma no EB.

OBJECIVE: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux and is considered a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. The study of the mucus, especially acid mucins, such as the sialomucins in the goblet cells which characterize BE, showed that in intestinal metaplasia, frequent in the digestive tract, the organ's original epithelium could express Tn and Stn antigens. These antigens have already been detected in gastric and colonic tumors, however references in BE were not found. This research aimed to analyze these antigens in patients with BE and in adenocarcinoma associated with BE. METHODS: Utilizing immunohistochemistry tests, Tn and Stn antigens were studied in the endoscopic biopsies of 29 patients with BE and seven with adenocarcinoma in BE, as well as eight individuals with normal esophageal epithelium at upper digestive endoscopy.. RESULTS: The Stn antigen was positive in the goblet cells of patients with BE in 100 percent of the cases and the Tn was positive in 48 percent. In the columnar cells, Stn was always negative, while Tn was positive in 100 percent of the cases. However, in adenocarcinoma in BE, both antigens were 100 percent positive. In normal individuals, the Tn antigen was positive and the antigen Stn negative in all cases. CONCLUSION: It is probable that the BE group in which the Tn antigens in the goblet cells are positive, similarly to the same antigen in the adenocarcinoma group, might indicate a higher susceptibility for potential occurrence of cancer. In the future, trials with sialomucins could be used routinely, thereby contributing as a prognostic factor of adenocarcinoma in BE.

Histological and histochemical changes of the intestinal mucosa at the urothelial-enteric anastomotic site

OBJECTIVE: The incorporation of bowel segments for urinary tract reconstruction may induce intestinal mucosal changes with the development of metabolic, nutritional, gastrointestinal and carcinogenic complications. The early histological and histochemical changes of the intestinal mucosa in contact with the feces-urine mixture, are evaluated in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rats (operated group) were submitted to a vesico-colonic anastomosis, and 10 rats (control group) underwent a sham operation (the colon was opened and immediately sutured). On the operated group, the left colon was divided into 3 equal portions and the middle segment was used for the bladder-colonic anastomosis. After 20 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the entire left colon in each group, as well as the bladder and the vesico-colonic anastomosis in the operated group, was removed. The proximal, middle (anastomotic site in the operated group and sutured portion in the control group) and distal colon were used for histological and histochemical studies. RESULTS: Metaplasia, chronic inflammatory process and fibrosis were significantly greater at the anastomotic site compared to the middle segment of the control group. There were no differences in both groups in terms of dysplasia, atrophy and hypertrophy either on the proximal, middle or anastomotic area and distal portion of the left colon. All animals in the operated group showed a reduced presence of sulfomucin and an increase in the sialomucin content. CONCLUSION: The histological changes observed in this study may suggest a precancerous phenomenon.

Clear Cell Basal Cell Carcinoma with Sialomucin Deposition

Clear cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a variant of BCC with a characteristic clear cell component that may occupy all or part of the tumor islands. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining for glycogen is variably positive, and mild deposition of sulfated mucin has been noted. However, to our knowledge, clear cell BCC with sialomucin deposition has not been reported. Here we report a case of clear cell BCC showing sialomucin deposition. The clear tumor cells stained with PAS and showed incomplete diastase-resistance. In addition, mucin staining with alcian blue was positive at pH 2.5 but not at pH 0.5.

Clear Cell Basal Cell Carcinoma with Sialomucin Deposition

Clear cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a variant of BCC with a characteristic clear cell component that may occupy all or part of the tumor islands. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining for glycogen is variably positive, and mild deposition of sulfated mucin has been noted. However, to our knowledge, clear cell BCC with sialomucin deposition has not been reported. Here we report a case of clear cell BCC showing sialomucin deposition. The clear tumor cells stained with PAS and showed incomplete diastase-resistance. In addition, mucin staining with alcian blue was positive at pH 2.5 but not at pH 0.5.

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Interleukin-1beta Treated Airway Epithelial Cells / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mucin hypersecretion is one of the main symptoms of inflammatory diseases in the respiratory tract. The authors previously reported that pleiotypic pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1beta, plays significant roles in the respiratory tract inflammation by inducing mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC8). However, the molecular mechanism for mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In order to understand the mechanisms of mucin hypersecretion in the airway epithelium, the differentially expressed proteins and genes in the lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (NCI-H292 cells), which were treated for 6 and 24 hours with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml), were identified using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) proteomics and cDNA microarray analysis (8.6 K). RESULTS: In the 2-D PAGE, 8 differentially expressed proteins and 14 post-translational modification proteins were identified 6 and 24 hrs after the IL-1beta treatment. Microarray analysis identified a total of 413 genes (6.6%) in the 6-hour treatment group and 115 genes (2.0%) in the 24-hour treatment group that were regulated after the IL-1beta treatment. The differentially expressed genes that were regulated by the IL-1beta treatment were mostly found in the metabolic pathway rather than in the regulatory pathway. A comparison of the proteomic and microarray data showed that there was a large discrepancy between the protein expression and the gene expression levels. Among the genes encoding the proteins secreted in the airway, MUC5B was down-regulated but sialomucin CD 164, lysozyme, and the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were up-regulated. CONCLUSION: These results clearly show that the transcript levels have little value in predicting the extent of protein expression. Genomics and proteomics have different evaluation fields. Therefore, they may not provide all the information on the gene and protein profiles.

Alternation of mucin structure and lectin binding in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: In the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, a defective mucosal barrier to luminal antigens is currently under consideration, and alterations in mucin structure and lectin binding may play an important role in the defect of mucosal barrier. It is also, suggested that the differences in clinical manifestation and complication of ulcerative colitis are associated with the change in glycosylation of colonic mucus glycoconjugates. This study was performed in order to investigate the histochemical properties of the mucin in korean ulcerative colitis. METHODS: The histochemical staining (HID-AB, mild PAS, PBT-KOH-PAS) and the binding of lectin (PNA, DBA, UEA-1, RCA-1, WGA, with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method) to mucin glycoconjugates were analyzed in paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from 14 normal colons and 20 ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: In the ulcerative colitis, number of goblet cell and amount of mucin were decreased, but the expression of its sulphomucin was consistently predominant and strong like normal colon. The expression of N-acetylated sialomucin was more common in the ulcerative colitis(80%) than normal colon(50%) and its grading mildly increased in ulcerative colitis. The expression of O-acetylated sialomucin was present in all cases of normal colon and its staining grade decreased in the ulcerative colitis. Compared to normal colonic mucosa, ulcerative colitis showed the increase in PNA and DBA binding in the supranuclear cytoplasm, the decrease in DBA and RCA-1 binding in the goblet cells, and no change in UEA-1 and WGA binding in both. In the ulcerative colitis, the increase in PNA and DBA binding was mild in the supranuclear cytoplasm and the expression of DBA and RCA-1 binding in goblet cells variably decreased. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the changes in the mucosal glycoconjugates between the ulcerative colitis and normal colon. The mucinous glycoconjugate expression of korean ulcerative colitis are different from that of western patients. There may be a genetic, racial variation in the glycoconjugate, which may also play a part in the differences in pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and complication of ulcerative colitis.

Prelectin Histochemical Study on Glycoconjugates of Rat Lingual Salivary Glands during the Postnatal Development / 체질인류학회지

The developmental changes of the lingual salivary glands in the postnatal rats were examined by morphological and prelectin histochemical methods. For the morphological changes, H -E and PAS staining were used. The mucosubstances stained with PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0 and AF pH 1.7 -AB pH 2.5. The promodia and undifferentiated acini of the lingual glands were detected the mucous glands at o day suckling rat, the von Ebner 's glands at 3 day suckling rat, respectively. The differentiation and maturation of the lingual glands were appeared rapidly than that of the von Ebner 's gland, and that of both glands were occurred remarkably suckling periods more than weaning periods. von Ebner 's gland contained only neutral mucins during postnatal developmental rat. The undifferentiated serous acini of these gland contained a small amounts of neutral mucins from 3 day suckling rat, and the amounts of these mucins were increased continuously according to the differentiation of these glands. The amounts of these mucins predominated at weaning periods more than suckling periods. The lingual mucous glands contained the mixture of neutral and acid mucins, and the amounts of these mucins were tended continuously to increase according to the glandular differentiation. In these glands, the suckling periods were predominant with neutral mucins, but weaning periods were abundant in acid mucins. The differentiated mucous acini of the lingual gland contained large amounts of neutral mucins and small to moderate amounts of acid mucins from 0 day suckling rat, but the undifferentiated mucous acini contained small to moderate amounts of neutral mucins and trace amounts or none of acid mucins in the suckling rat. The amounts of sulfomucin and sialomucin of the differentiated mucous acini was increased in both suckling and weaning periods. The increase of these mucins was markable in weaning periods than suckling periods. The amount of sialomucin was abundant at 0 day suckling rat, but the amount of sulfomucin very increased after 3 day suckling rat, and these mucins strikingly increased after 2 weeks suckling rat.

Studies on Relationship between Expression of ras , p53 , c-erbB2 and p53 and Phenotypic Expression Using Mucin Histochemistry in Human Gastric Carcinomas / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that the expression of mucin is organ- and cell-type specific and it is increasingly possible that its change could result from oncogene activation.To evaluate histogenesis and prognostic factors for gastric carcinoma, we studied the oncoprotein expression in gastric cancer cells classified by mucin phenotye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for ras, c-erbB2, and p53 oncoprotein expression were performed in 101 surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens. PAS-Con A, GOS, and HID-AB staining techniques were employed in identifying mucosubstances, RESULTS: Of the 101 specimens studied, 73(72.3%) revealed as having mixture of various mucin-secreting cancer cells. Overall, ras immunoreactivity was observed in 72(71.3%), c-erbB2 in 7(6.9%), and p53 in 47(46.5%). Of the 73 mucus-secreting carcinomas, the surface mucous cell type were shown in 65 (89.0%), the pyloric gland cell type in 48(65,8%), the sialomucin type in 47(64.4%), and the sulfomucin type in 54(74.0%). There was significant association between mucin secretion and ras expression, but not c-erbB2 and p53 expression. There was no significant association between mucin secreting cell types and Lauren classification. Ras expression was correlated with serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The phenotypic expression by mucin histochemistry may be not more important for studying of histogenesis in gastric carcinoma than Lauren classification. Ras expression is a poor prognostic indicator and may be correlated with phenotypic expression of surface mucous cell and intestinal cell type in gastric carcinoma.

Histological and mucin secretion patterns in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Histological and mucin secretion patterns were studied in 32 cases of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. METHODS: Biopsy sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and alcian blue with PAS at pH 1.0 and pH 2.5 were examined. RESULTS: Fibrosis and smooth muscle extension in lamina propria and hypertrophy of muscularis mucosa were the most frequent histological findings. Sialomucin was present in all cases, in contrast to sulphomucin which is normally present. CONCLUSION: Mucin staining pattern appears to be a helpful diagnostic marker of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and may be helpful in differentiating it from other non-malignant conditions.

A Study on the Clinical and Histopathological Findings in Patients with Mucocele / 대한피부과학회지

Mucoceles usually occur as solitary, asymptomatic, translucent, and dome-shaped cysts containing clear viscous fluid on lower lip or oral mucosa. The authors reviewed the clinical and histopathological findings in 33 patients with mucocele and attempted to clarify the difference between the histopathologic types (retention and extravasation). The results were summarized as follows. 1. Age distribution was from 2 to 53 years and mean age was 21.4 years. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1(18 males.15 females). 2. Histopathologic type was classified. 4 cases(12.1%, mean age.17.3 years) were retention type, 19 cases(57.6%, mean age.'21.5 years) mixed type, and 10 cases(30.3 %, mean age.20.9 years) extravasation type. Among 19 mixed types, 13 cases were retention dominant and 6 cases extravasation dominant. 3. Durations from the onset to the diagnosis could be clarified in 16 cases. Those were below 1 year in 14 cases(87.5% ) and below 3 years in 16 cases all. Mean duration was 9.4 months. 4. The sites of involvement were lower lip(72.7%), tongue(24.3%), and oral mucosa(3.0%), in decreasing order of frequency. 5. The visited departments were otolaryngology(72.7%), dentistry(12.1%), plastic surgery(9,1%) and dermatology(6.1%), in decreasing order of frequency. 6. In the histopathologic observation, surface epithelium was observed in 25 cases (75.8%), cyst in 23 cases(69.7%), granlation tissue in 29 cases(87.9%), mucin in 28 cases(84.8%), surrounding salivary glands in 20 cases(60.6%) and foamy macrophages in 32 cases(97.0% ), 7. Special stains(PAS, D-PAS, and alcian blue at pH2.5 and 0.4) for the mucin were performed in 10 cases. The results were compatible with sialomucin.

Human Bruch's Membrane: Regional and Age-Related Alterations

Changes in the thickness and composition of Bruch's membrane with aging have been described by several observers and related to the development of macular with advancing ageby region, comparing the macular area with more peripheral areas. In the younger (less than. 50 years) eyes we studied, the thickness of macular Bruch's membrane was about equal to that of peripheral Bruch's membrane. With aging, however, the thickness of Bruch's membrane was greater in the periphery than the macula. With increasing age, Bruch's membrane increased in basophilic reaction, PAS positivity and the detectable sialomucin fraction. In the macular region, but not in more peripheral regions, there is a preferential thickening of the interchoriocapillaris "teeth" of Bruch's degeneration by some. Using a combination of histochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques, we have examined the state of Bruch's membrane membrane material. By electronmicroscopy, in older eyes, the elastin layer of Bruch's membrane appears fragmented, while, in the periphery, it is continuous and resembles that of younger eyes. In summary, Bruch's membrane exhibits little regional difference in thickness in younger eyes, but the macular region becomes relatively thinner than more peripheral regions in older eyes. With advancing age, the deposition of extracellular matrix materials in appatite and fragmentation of the elastin layer is dramatically more prominent in the macular region than in the periphery. This regional variation may be related, at least in part, to some aspects of macular degeneration.

A Case of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Skin / 영남의대학술지

We report a case of metastatic carcinoma of the skin in 62-year-old male who showed multiple nodules on the anterior chest, scalp, face and left axilla for 2 months duration. He suffered from lower abdominal discomfortness for 6 months. Histopathologic findings revealed atypical cell nests and some tubular or glandular formation in the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Material in the lumen showed diastase resistant and PAS positive, and alcian blue positive at pH 2.4, but negative pH 0.4. So it represented sialomucin. We did not find primary site of malignant tumor. In view of clinical and histopathological findings, it was considered to be originated from the large intestine.