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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(6): 549-558, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829126

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To review the literature on sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Source of data: Non-systematic review using the keywords "sialorrhea" and "child" carried out in the PubMed®, LILACS®, and SciELO® databases during July 2015. A total of 458 articles were obtained, of which 158 were analyzed as they were associated with sialorrhea in children; 70 had content related to sialorrhea in cerebral palsy or the assessment and treatment of sialorrhea in other neurological disorders, which were also assessed. Data synthesis: The prevalence of sialorrhea is between 10% and 58% in cerebral palsy and has clinical and social consequences. It is caused by oral motor dysfunction, dysphagia, and intraoral sensitivity disorder. The severity and impact of sialorrhea are assessed through objective or subjective methods. Several types of therapeutic management are described: training of sensory awareness and oral motor skills, drug therapy, botulinum toxin injection, and surgical treatment. Conclusions: The most effective treatment that addresses the cause of sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy is training of sensory awareness and oral motor skills, performed by a speech therapist. Botulinum toxin injection and the use of anticholinergics have a transient effect and are adjuvant to speech therapy; they should be considered in cases of moderate to severe sialorrhea or respiratory complications. Atropine sulfate is inexpensive and appears to have good clinical response combined with good safety profile. The use of trihexyphenidyl for the treatment of sialorrhea can be considered in dyskinetic forms of cerebral palsy or in selected cases.


Resumo Objetivo: Revisar a literatura referente à sialorreia em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Fonte de dados: Revisão não sistemática com as palavras-chave "sialorreia"; e "criança" feita nas bases de dados Pubmed®, Lilacs® e Scielo® em julho de 2015. Foram recuperados 458 artigos, 158 foram analisados por terem relação com sialorreia em crianças, foram aproveitados 70 com conteúdo relativo à sialorreia na paralisia cerebral ou à avaliação e ao tratamento da sialorreia em outros distúrbios neurológicos. Síntese dos dados: A sialorreia tem prevalência entre 10% e 58% na paralisia cerebral e implica consequências clínicas e sociais. É causada por disfunção motora oral, disfagia e distúrbio da sensibilidade intraoral. A gravidade e o impacto da sialorreia são avaliados por meio de métodos objetivos ou subjetivos. Estão descritas diversas formas de manejo terapêutico: treino para consciência sensorial e habilidades motoras orais, terapia farmacológica, injeção de toxina botulínica e tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusões: O tratamento mais eficaz e que aborda a causa da sialorreia nas crianças com paralisia cerebral é o treino para consciência sensorial e habilidades motoras orais, feito por um fonoaudiólogo. Injeção de toxina botulínica e o uso de anticolinérgicos têm efeito transitório e são auxiliares ao tratamento fonoaudiológico ou devem ser considerados nos casos de sialorreia moderada a grave ou com complicações respiratórias. O sulfato de atropina tem baixo custo e parece ter boa resposta clínica com bom perfil de segurança. O uso de triexifenidil para o tratamento da sialorreia pode ser considerado nas formas discinéticas de paralisia cerebral ou em casos selecionados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Sialorrhea/etiology , Sialorrhea/therapy , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Sialorrhea/diagnosis , Sialorrhea/psychology , Social Isolation , Awareness/physiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Motor Skills/physiology
2.
Rev. salud pública ; 12(1): 82-92, feb. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552321

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Este estudo objetivou identificar a percepção de mães primíparas e multíparas sobre a erupção dentária e suas manifestações, ao mesmo tempo em que relacionou e discutiu a ocorrência destas manifestações a luz da literatura pertinente. Método Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, onde os sujeitos foram 61 mães, com bebês na faixa etária entre 3 e 12 meses de idade, usuários do Hospital de Pediatria da UFRN, na cidade de Natal, RN, Brasil. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada para coleta das informações. A análise dos dados foi feita pelo Software ALCESTE 4.5, utilizando-se as variáveis primíparas, para designar mães com apenas um filho e multíparas para mães com dois filhos ou mais. Resultados A presença de sintomatologia foi relatada por 75 por cento das mães entrevistadas. A percepção das mães de ambas as classes, provavelmente reflete desconhecimento do processo de desenvolvimento infantil e convergem para a presença de sintomas clínicos atribuídos ao processo eruptivo, porém, o grande diferencial está na forma de apreensão desta realidade. As primíparas manifestam claramente que o conhecimento foi adquirido através do senso comum, enquanto que as multíparas reproduzem este mesmo conhecimento baseado na experiência com os filhos anteriores. Discussão Concluiu-se que durante essa fase de erupção dentária os profissionais tenham uma posição firme e definida, baseada em evidências fartamente colocadas pela literatura, da relação direta entre erupção dentária e sintomatologia geral, dando a devida atenção a cada paciente e suas queixas, para desmistificar e melhor compreender esse processo na sua totalidade.


Objective This study was aimed at identifying primiparous and multiparous mothers perceptions about tooth eruption and related symptoms as well as discussing such events occurrence in the light of the relevant literature. Methods The research adopted a qualitative, descriptive design; 61 mothers who had already given birth to babies aged 3 to 12 months old were studied. Their children were outpatients at Rio Grande do Norte Federal Universitys Paediatric Hospital in Natal, RN, Brazil. A semi-structured interview was used for collecting data. ALCESTE 4.5 software was used for analysing data based on primiparous and multiparous mothers as variables; the former term referred to mothers bearing a child for the first time and multiparous to those who had born more than one child. Results Symptomatology was related by 75 percent of the mothers interviewed here. The perception of the mothers from both groups probably pointed to a lack of knowledge regarding child development and the process leading to the presence of clinical symptoms due to tooth eruption. However, the great difference lay in how this reality was perceived; mothers having a single child clearly affirmed that knowledge was acquired by common sense, whilst mothers of more than one child reproduced such knowledge according to their experience with previous children. Discussion It was concluded that during this phase of tooth eruption, professionals must adopt a firm and defined position based on the literature providing evidence of the real relationship between tooth eruption and general symptoms, paying attention to every patient and their complaints to demystify and better understand this whole process.


Objetivo Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la percepción de las madres primíparas y multíparas en la erupción de los dientes y sus manifestaciones, así como examinar la ocurrencia de estos hechos a la luz de la documentación pertinente. Método La investigación tuvo un diseño cualitativo descriptivo y 61 madres cuyos bebés habían entre 3 y 12 meses de edad fueron estudiadas. Sus hijos eran pacientes del Hospital de Pediatría de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte, en la ciudad de Natal, RN, Brasil. Para recoger los datos, se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada. El ALCESTE 4.5 fue utilizado para analizar los datos basados en las primíparas y multíparas madres como variables. El primero se utilizó para las madres que lleven a un niño por primera vez y multíparas que los cuales habían nacido más de un niño. Resultados La sintomatología fue referida por 75 por ciento de las madres entrevistadas. La percepción de las madres de ambos grupos probablemente señala desconocimiento del desarrollo del niño y el proceso converge a la presencia de síntomas clínicos debido a la erupción del diente. Sin embargo, la gran diferencia está en la forma de recoger esta realidad. Madres de un niño afirmaron claramente que el conocimiento fue adquirido por el sentido común, mientras que las madres de más de un niño se reproducen en este mismo conocimiento de acuerdo con la experiencia basada en los niños mayores. Discusión Se concluyó que durante esta fase de la erupción de los dientes, los profesionales deben tener una postura firme definida, basados por la literatura, la relación directa entre la erupción de los dientes y los síntomas generales, prestando atención a cada paciente y sus quejas, para así desmitificar y comprender mejor este proceso en su totalidad.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Mothers/psychology , Tooth Eruption , Brazil , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Facial Pain/etiology , Facial Pain/psychology , Fever/etiology , Fever/psychology , Knowledge , Parity , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sialorrhea/etiology , Sialorrhea/psychology , Syndrome , Tooth Eruption/physiology
3.
Benha Medical Journal. 2008; 25 (3): 295-310
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-112162

ABSTRACT

Drooling is common in children with mental retardation and cerebral palsy and may even persist to adult life. Persistent drooling can cause physical morbidities and social embarrassment. The aim of this prospective study was to develop a quasi-objective protocol for assessment of drooling in children in order to describe the clinical profile of children suffering from this problem, and to investigate the effectiveness of the behavioral management in reducing their drooling severity and frequency. The study group consisted of 12 children with their ages ranged between 5 and 10 [mean 6.6 +/- 1.5] years. All children were mentally retarded and eight of them had also brain damage motor handicapping [BDMH]. The IQ for the children ranged between 45 and 69 [mean 59.91 +/- 8.13]. All children had varying degrees of drooling problem. All the children were evaluated through a specially designed diagnostic protocol that included simple clinical quasi-objective tests to assess severity, frequency and the amount of drooling and drooling quotient Reasons for drooling in these children included poor head/ body control constant open mouth posture, inadequate lip and tongue control and impaired lips and intra-oral sensation. Behavior Re-Adjustment Therapy [BRAT] was used to control drooling for all children. The Program consisted of head/body positioning and motor and sensory enhancement techniques. The patients were reassessed after 3 months period of treatment and 6 months follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of the behavioral therapy. Statistically significant improvements were found in all drooling parameters at the end of therapy with the maintenance of the newly acquired skills at the follow-up. The simple clinical quasi-objective tests used in this study to assess drooling were well-tolerated by the children and reflected the beneficial outcome of BRAT to control drooling in children with mental retardation and/or BDMH. Also, active participation of the caregivers contributed to the maintenance of the newly acquired skills


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sialorrhea/psychology , Behavior Therapy , Clinical Protocols , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Cerebral Palsy , Psychology
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