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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 263-265, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638797

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of cranial capacity is useful in differentiation of racial and sexual differences, which indirectly reflects the brain volume in different populations. Most of these studies have been done on the dry skulls using linear dimensions. Only few studies have been done on living subjects. The aim of this study was to compare cranial capacity of particular age group of Korku tribe & Non-tribal population of Madhya Pradesh a state of India. This study was carried on 800 healthy volunteer of 20 - 25 year-old age group (in which each 400 males and females) in Korku tribe and Non-tribal population of Madhya Pradesh state of India, by using linear dimensions of head (Lee Pearson's formula). The mean cranial capacity and SD in Non-tribal males and Non-tribal females were 1380.5 +/- 94.6 cc and 1188.7 +/- 91.1 cc, respectively. The mean cranial capacity and SD in Korku males and Korku females were 1212.2 +/- 62.0 cc and 1047.4 +/- 72.4, cc respectively. This study has shown a significant (p<0.05) difference between the same gender populations of Korku tribe and Non-tribal population, with the absolute values being higher in Non-tribal group than in Korku tribe group.


Conocer la capacidad craneal es útil para discriminar diferencias raciales y sexuales, la cual indirectamente refleja el volumen del cerebro en diferentes poblaciones. La mayoría de estos estudios se han realizado en cráneos secos con dimensiones lineales pero escasas investigaciones se han realizado en sujetos vivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la capacidad craneal de un grupo etáreo de la tribu Korku y población no tribal de Madhya Pradesh, un estado de la India. Este estudio fue realizado en 800 voluntarios sanos, entre 20 - 25 años de edad (400 hombres y 400 mujeres) de la tribu Korku y población no tribal de Madhya Pradesh de la India, mediante el uso de las dimensiones lineales de la cabeza (fórmula de Lee Pearson ). La capacidad craneal media y DE en la población no tribal para hombres y mujeres fueron 1380,5 +/- 94,6 cc y 1188,7 +/- 91,1 cc, respectivamente. La capacidad craneal media y DE en los hobres y mujeres Korku fueron 1212,2 +/- 62,0 cc y 1047,4 +/- 72,4 cc, respectivamente. Este estudio ha mostrado una diferencia significativa (p <0,05) entre las poblaciones no tribal y la tribu Korku del mismo sexo, con los valores absolutos mayores en el grupo no tribal en comparación con el grupo de la tribu Korku.


Subject(s)
Young Adult , Cephalometry/methods , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/ultrastructure , Anthropometry , Ethnicity/genetics , India , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Sex Characteristics
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 296-301, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638803

ABSTRACT

In this study we tested the hypothesis that diagnostic performance of the morphological indicators for sexual dimorphism are reduced as they are applied in skull and mandibles of older subjects. We used 275 adult human skulls, 250 of these with mandible, all subjects with sex and age registry. Sixteen classic morphological indicators of sexual dimorphism were evaluated, this information was compared with the registry and results noted in terms of precision. The best general performance of morphological indicators of sexual dimorphism were recorded in the 31 - 40 and 61 - 70 years, age range groups. Lowest precision ws recorded in the group corresponding to subjects between 21 ­ 30 years. Our results do not support the proposed hypothesis and suggest a progressive and cumulative effect of factors that determine dimorphism expression.


En este estudio testeamos la hipótesis que el rendimiento diagnóstico de los indicadores morfológicos de dimorfismo sexual disminuía al aplicarlos en cráneos y mandíbulas de individuos de mayor edad. Utilizamos 275 cráneos humanos adultos, 250 de los cuales tenían mandíbula, todos con registro de sexo y edad. Se evaluaron 16 indicadores morfológicos clásicos de dimorfismo sexual, estos datos se contrastaron con el registro y los resultados se expresaron en términos de exactitud. El mejor rendimiento general de los indicadores morfológicos de dimorfismo sexual se encontraron en los rangos etarios de 31-40 y de 61-70 años, la menor exactitud se encontró en el grupo correspondiente a individuos de entre 21-30 años. Nuestros resultados no sustentan la hipótesis propuesta y sugieren un efecto progresivo y acumulativo de los factores que determinan la expresión de dimorfismo.


Subject(s)
Aged , Cephalometry , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/ultrastructure , Sex Characteristics , Aging , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Skull/ultrastructure , Age Determination by Skeleton/methods
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(3): 201-209, Mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617958

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from eight mice C57BL/6 gfp+ bone marrows expanded in cultures associated with platelets rich plasma (PRP) deriving from another eight mice, in the repair of critical defects in calvarial bone produced in twenty-four adult isogenic mice C57BL/6. METHODS: The animals were submitted to a cranial defect of 6.0mm in diameter and divided into two equal experimental groups. Control group did not receive treatment and the treated group received a MSC pellet containing 1.0 x 10(7) cells/mL associated with 50.0µL of plasma gel containing 1.0 x 10(9) autologous platelets within the defect. RESULTS: In the treated group was observed process of angiogenesis and bone repair better than control group. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of C57BL/6 gfp+ mice associated with PRP gel applied in bone critical defects produced in calvarial contributes positively to the process of bone repair.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da associação das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC) oriundas da medula óssea de oito camundongos jovens C57BL/6 gfp+ e expandidas em culturas, com Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP) provenientes de outros oito camundongos, na reparação de defeitos críticos confeccionados em calvária de 24 camundongos adultos C57BL/6. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram submetidos a um defeito craniano de 6,0mm de diâmetro e separados em dois grupos experimentais iguais. O grupo controle não recebeu tratamento e no grupo tratado foi administrado, no interior do defeito, pellet de MSC contendo 1,0 x 10(7) células/mL associado com 50,0µL de plasma em gel autólogo contendo 1,0 x 10(9) plaquetas. RESULTADOS: No grupo tratado verificou-se processo de angiogênese e reparação óssea superior ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A associação das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC) derivadas da medula óssea de camundongos C57BL/6 gfp+ com gel de PRP aplicadas em defeitos ósseos críticos confeccionadas em calvária de camundongos C57BL/6 jovens, contribuiu positivamente para o processo de reparação óssea.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Adult Stem Cells/transplantation , Bone Marrow Cells/physiology , Bone Regeneration/physiology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Platelet-Rich Plasma/physiology , Skull/surgery , Adult Stem Cells/ultrastructure , Bone Marrow Cells/ultrastructure , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Mice, Transgenic , Osteogenesis/physiology , Random Allocation , Skull/injuries , Skull/ultrastructure , Transplantation, Homologous , Tissue Engineering/methods
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 992-999, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608695

ABSTRACT

Durante la vida fetal y la infancia, los huesos planos de la bóveda craneal están separados por membranas densas de tejido conectivo que constituyen articulaciones fibrosas conocidas como suturas; las cuales tienen como objetivo durante los primeros estadios de la vida favorecer el desarrollo encefálico. Eventualmente estas suturas con el paso de los años se cierran formando una sinostosis entre los huesos del cráneo. Una de estas es la sutura frontal, que une los 2 huesos frontales en la época embrionaria y en el recién nacido. Esta sutura puede persistir en el tiempo generando el cuadro conocido como metopismo. Alteración que muestra distintas presentaciones e incidencias según sea el grupo étnico estudiado. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar las características que presenta esta condición, frecuencias, descripciones, variedades, etc., analizando distintas bases de datos, junto a la descripción de un caso. Se plantea la importancia que posee a nivel clínico a la hora de invadir quirúrgicamente esa zona, o la confusión que se puede presentar a nivel radiográfico lo cual eventualmente puede generar alguna complicación, por lo cual es de real relevancia el conocimiento de las bases morfológicas de esta condición con el fin de realizar un correcto diagnóstico y procedimiento quirúrgico si este lo amerita.


During fetal life and infancy, flat bones of the cranial vault are separated by dense connective tissue membranes, fibrous joints called sutures, which are aimed early on in life to promote brain development. Eventually these sutures close over the years to form a synostosis between the bones of the skull. One of these is the frontal suture, which joins the two frontal bones in the embryonic period and the newborn. This suture may persist over time, generating the condition known as metopism. Alteration showing different presentations and incidents depending on the ethnic group studied. The purpose of this paper is to show the features found in this condition, frequency, description, varieties, etc. This analysis was performed on different databases and the description of a case. It raises the importance that clinicians approaching the area at the time of surgery consider possible confusion at the radiographic level which can lead to subsequent complications. Therefore, real knowledge of the morphological bases of this condition is important for correct diagnosis and surgical procedure if warranted.


Subject(s)
Young Adult , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/embryology , Skull/ultrastructure , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/abnormalities , Cranial Sutures , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(3): 933-938, sept. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-598959

ABSTRACT

Los huesos suturales o wormianos son huesos accesorios, de importancia genética y hereditaria, considerados variables étnicas (Orts Llorca, 1958; Figún & Garino, 1992). Se caracterizan por ser diversos en número, tamaño y forma, ubicados en suturas y fontículos, de preferencia en suturas posteriores, predominando la frecuencia a nivel de sutura lambdoidea o parieto-occipital (Sappey 1888, Sicher, 1965; Sánchez-Lara et al., 2004). Son de interés para la anatomía humana, antropología física, imagenología y medicina legal (Lips & García-Hernández, 1983; Henríquez-Pino et al., 1992; Braga et al., 2000; García-Hernández et al., 2007). La deformación craneal, patológica o artificial, estimula la formación de centros accidentales de osificación, incrementando la presencia de osículos en suturas y fontículos (Del Papa & Pérez, 2007). La deformación craneal artificial era común en diversas culturas amerindias, con propósito estético, mágico, religioso, como forma de identificación étnica, social, nobleza o asociada al grupo gobernante (Torres-Rouff, 2007) y se realizaba aplicando tablas de madera o vendajes compresivos en la cabeza del recién nacido. La hipótesis de investigación es determinar si existe mayor número de osículos lambdoideos en cráneos de atacameños del norte de Chile con y sin deformación craneal artificial. Para cumplir este objetivo se estudiaron 77 cráneos atacameños de ambos sexos (27 deformados y 50 no deformados), seleccionados al azar entre 293 individuos exhumados del cementerio Coyo-Oriente, datados entre 300-1200 D.C. y que forman parte del Museo R.P. Gustavo Le Paige en San Pedro de Atacama de la Universidad Católica del Norte. Los cráneos fueron analizados, fotografiados y mensurados para determinar el índice craneano. Existe prevalencia de huesos lambdoideos en cráneos deformados (p<0,05=0,00000249247), con promedio de indice craneal con mayor hiperbraquicefalia (92,63 DS 9,72) y porcentaje de cráneos braquicefálicos con huesos...


Sutural or wormians bones are accesory bones, with genetic and heriditary importance, and consided ethnic variables (Orts Llorca, 1958; Figún & Garino, 1992). They are characterized by be variables in number, size and shape, located in sutures and fontanelles, preferably in posteriorly placed sutures (Sappey 1888, Sicher, 1965; Sánchez-Lara et al., 2007). They are of interest in human anatomy, physical anthropology, imagenology and legal medicine (Lips & García-Hernández, 1983; Henríquez-Pino et al., 1992; Braga et al., 2000; García-Hernández et al., 2007). Cranial deformation, pathological or artificial, stimulates the formation of accidental ossification centers, increasing the formation of ossicles in sutures and fontanelles (Del Papa & Pérez, 2007). Artificial cranial deformation was common in amerindian cultures, for aesthetic, magical or religious purpose, as a form of ethnic identificate, social, nobility or associated with the ruling group (Torres-Rouff, 2007) and it was performed applying wooden boards or bandages in the head of newborn. The hypothesis of investigation is to determinate if there is a greater number of ossicles lambdoid in skulls of atacameños in Northern Chile with and without artificial cranial deformation. To fulfill this goal we studied 77 atacameños skulls of both sexes (27 deformed y 50 not deformed), selected at random between 293 individuals of the Coyo-Orient cementery, dated between 300-1200 A.C. and these remains are part of the Museum R.P. Gustavo Le Paige in San Pedro de Atacama of the North Catholic University. All skulls were analyzed, photographed in all anatomical norms and measured to obtain the cranial index. There prevalence of lambdoid bones in artificial cranial deformed (p<0,05=0,00000249247), with average cranial index with greater hyperbrachycephaly (92,63 DS 9,72) and greater percentage of brachycephalic skulls with lambdoid bones (92,6 percent-32 percent; p<0,05=3,67073E-7).


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/abnormalities , Skull/embryology , Skull/ultrastructure , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/abnormalities , Chile , Cephalometry/methods , Health of Ethnic Minorities
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(2): 327-331, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-563077

ABSTRACT

The sex determination of human skeletons is important in forensic and anthropological research. It can be carried out through qualitative or quantitative analysis of morphological parameters of dimorphism. The shape of the piriform aperture is one of the classic indicators of sexual dimorphism since it describes differences between males and females according to strong population-specific behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the piriform aperture and its relationship with individual skin color. We used 90 human skulls from the Collection of the Federal Universidad de São Paulo (UNIFESP), with registered data on sex, age and skin color (classified as white, black and brown). The dimensions studied were: height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture. All dimensions were greater in males than females, however, only the piriform aperture height was found to be significant with p <0.01. By analyzing differences and grouping them according skin color, the piriform aperture height was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in white, black and brown males. In the group of black individuals skulls, we found significant differences in the upper width (p <0.05). The main differences, related to the piriform aperture height and the low influence of skin color in the presence of sexual dimorphism in the piriform aperture size, are in contrast with what has been reported in the literature and justify the revision of the classic indicators used for diagnosis of sex in specific populations.


El diagnóstico del sexo a partir de osamentas humanas es importante en investigación antropológica y forense, éste puede ser realizado mediante análisis cualitativos o cuantitativos de parámetros morfológicos de dimorfismo. La forma de la apertura piriforme es uno de los indicadores clásicos de dimorfismo sexual, a partir de ella se han descrito diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en sus dimensiones, con un fuerte comportamiento población-específico. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de la apertura piriforme y su relación con el color de piel de los individuos. Se utilizaron 90 cráneos humanos de la Colección de la Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), con registro de sexo, edad y color de piel (clasificadas en blanco, negro y pardo). Las dimensiones analizadas fueron: altura, ancho superior e inferior de la apertura piriforme. Todas las dimensiones resultaron mayores en hombres que en mujeres, sin embargo, sólo la altura de la apertura piriforme resultó ser significativa con p<0.01. Al analizar las diferencias agrupándolas por color de piel, obtuvimos que la altura de la apertura piriforme resultó ser mayor y significativa (p<0.05) en hombres blancos, negros y pardos. En el grupo de cráneos de individuos negros, además, encontramos diferencias significativas en el ancho superior (p<0.05). Las principales diferencias encontradas, referidas a la altura de la apertura piriforme, y la baja influencia del color de piel en la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de la apertura piriforme, contrastan con lo reportado en la literatura y justifican la revisión de los indicadores clásicos utilizados para el diagnóstico del sexo en poblaciones específicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Skull/ultrastructure , Sex Characteristics , Brazil/ethnology , Cranial Fossa, Anterior/anatomy & histology , Cranial Fossa, Anterior/embryology , Indians, South American/ethnology , Indians, South American/genetics , Body Size/ethnology
7.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 21(1): 53-56, Jan.-Mar. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-658767

ABSTRACT

An understanding of frontal sinus anatomy is important for clinical and forensic medicine. In this study, we examinedthe relationship between skull and sinus dimensions. Fifty human skulls were measured and radiographed in twoprojections (Caldwell’s view and in a lateral view) to visualize the paranasal sinuses. The radiological dimensions ofthe frontal sinus (height, width, thickness and area) were measured using the software Autocad R 14. The possiblecorrelations between the skull measurements and the sinus dimensions were examined. The frontal sinus was presentin all specimens. The maximum dimensions of the frontal sinus included a width of 49 to 79 mm, a height of 8 to 18mm, and an area of 0.5 to 9.5 mm2. A significant positive correlation was observed between the sinus area and theother dimensions of sinus. Thus, increase in dimensions also increased the sinus area. A weak positive correlation wasalso observed between the skull height and sinus thickness, and between skull length and frontal sinus area.Key words: Anatomy, frontal sinus, morphology, radiology, skull.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses , Skull , Frontal Sinus/anatomy & histology , Frontal Sinus , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Skull/ultrastructure , Weights and Measures
8.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1993. 121 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-143371

ABSTRACT

O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar as ampliaçöes dos segmentos ósseos crânio-faciais, em radiografias panorâmicas, utilizando dois sistemas - o elipso e o ortopantomógrafo - através do emprego dos aparelhos "Panex E" e "Panoramax", comparando-as com medidas obtidas em crânios, pela craniometria. As mensuraçöes lineares e angulares foram aferidas, após o desenho dos reparos anatômicos relacionados ao trabalho, com a elaboraçäo de pantomogramas das radiografias panorâmicas obtidas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância a um fator. Os resultados permitiram demonstrar, que houve ampliaçöes estatisticamente significante entre os dois sistemas empregados e o método craniométrico


Subject(s)
Bone and Bones , Skull , Skull/ultrastructure , Radiographic Magnification/methods , Cephalometry , Dental Equipment/standards , Radiography, Dental/methods , Radiography, Panoramic/methods
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