Effect of a Denture Adhesive on the Satisfaction and Kinesiographic Parameters of Complete Denture Wearers: A Cross-Over Randomized Clinical Trial

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a denture adhesive (DA) on patient satisfaction and kinesiographic parameters of complete denture wearers by a cross-over study. Fifty edentulous patients received a set of new complete dentures. After an adaptation period, the participants were enrolled in the trial and randomized to receive a sequence of treatment protocols: Protocol 1- DA use during the first 15 days, followed by no DA for the next 15 days; Protocol 2- no DA during the first 15 days, followed by use of DA for the next 15 days. Outcomes were assessed after 15 days of each sequence of treatment. A questionnaire was used to assess the patients´ satisfaction. A kinesiograph was used to record mandible movements and patterns of maxillary complete denture movement during chewing. The Wilcoxon test (α=0.05) and a paired sample t-test (α=0.05) were used to compare satisfaction levels and kinesiographic data, respectively. Use of DA improved the overall level of patient satisfaction (p<0.001). The kinesiographic recordings revealed a significant increase (1.7 mm) in vertical mandible movements (p<0.001) during chewing and a lower (0.3 mm) vertical intrusion of the maxillary complete dentures (p=0.002) during chewing after using the DA. Use of DA in complete denture wearers improved the patients´ satisfaction and altered mandible movements, with increases in vertical movements during chewing and less intrusion of maxillary complete dentures.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de um adesivo para prótese na satisfação e nos parâmetros cinesiográficos em usuários de próteses totais por meio de um estudo "cross-over". Cinquenta pacientes desdentados receberam novas próteses totais bimaxilares. Após um período de adaptação, os participantes incluídos no estudo receberam uma sequência de tratamento: Protocolo 1- utilização do adesivo para prótese durante os primeiros 15 dias, seguida por não utilização do adesivo os próximos 15 dias; Protocolo 2- não utilização do adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias; seguida por utilização do adesivo nos próximos 15 dias. Os resultados foram avaliados após 15 dias de cada sequência de tratamento. Um questionário para avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes e um cinesiógrafo para registrar os movimentos mandibulares e o padrão de movimento da prótese total maxilar durante mastigação foram utilizados. O teste de "Wilcoxon" (α=0,05) e o "t-test" de Student para amostras pareadas (α=0,05) foram utilizados para comparar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes e os dados cinesiográficos, respectivamente. O adesivo para prótese melhorou significativamente a satisfação geral dos participantes (p<0,001). Os registros cinesiográficos mostraram um aumento significativo (1,7 mm) no movimento mandibular vertical (p<0,001) e uma menor intrusão (0,3 mm) da prótese total superior (p=0,002) durante a mastigação após o uso de adesivo. O uso de adesivo para prótese melhorou a satisfação dos usuários de próteses totais e gerou um aumento no movimento mandibular vertical e uma menor intrusão da prótese total maxilar durante a mastigação.

Effect of mica monomer powder on chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in gastric mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis in rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the regulative action of mica monomer powder preparation on the chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa of the experimental atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Intervention therapy was given to the experimental CAG rats at three different doses of mica monomer powder preparation to evaluate the changes of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa and the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mica monomer powder preparation at three different doses could increase the amount of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in gastric mucosa of the experimental CAG rats and alleviate and control the inflammation of gastric mucosa and the atrophy of gastric mucosa glands. Especially, better effects were shown in the mid and high dose groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mica has the pharmacological action of protecting the gastric mucosa, enhancing blood flow of the gastric mucosa, and consequently improving the inflammatory responses of the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms is associated with promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin and regulating the neuroendocrine mechanism including gut hormone secretion (gastrin and somatostatin) by increasing the number of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells.</p>

Ultrastructure of Rabbit Pyloric Mucosa Following Ligation of Common Bile Duct / 체질인류학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructural characteristic of the normal pylorus mucosa, and their structural changes induced by the ligation of common bile duct of the male rabbits weighing about 1.5 kg each. Experiment animals were divided into normal, sham operation, and experimental groups. Common bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia and anjmals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after operation. The mucosal specimen of the pylorus, were fixed and embedded with common method. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and observed under a JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follow : 1. In the early stages (1st, 3rd, 5th day groups) following the ligation, surface mucous cells have the various electron densities and shape of the mucous granules. In the late stages (7th, 14th day groups) following the ligation, many surface mucose cells containing numerous electron dense mucous granules are seen. 2. In the early stage of the ligation of bile duct, secretory function of EC cells was depressed, but in the later stage, the cells showed recovered secretory activity. 3. Secretory function of D cells was depressed on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed recovered secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. 4. Secretory function of G cells was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed depressed secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. Considering the above findings, common bile duct ligation probably causes the dysfunction of the pyloric surface mucous cells that results in delayed mucous formation and secretion, and recovered mucous secretory function on the late stages. EC cells and G cells, depressed the secretory activities on the early stages and recovered on the late stages of the ligation of common bile duct. But D cells in the pyloric mucosa was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct ligation, but they was depressed secretory activities on the late groups.

Effect of mica monomer granule on gastrin, somatostatin and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in CAG rat / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study regulative action of mica monomer granule preparation on gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in experimental chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>CAG rats were treated with mica monomer granule preparation with three different dosages--high, moderate and low level respectively. Changes of blood serum GAS, blood plasma SS and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in CAG rats were observed and detected with ELISA method, RIA method and immunocytochemistry method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Mica monomer granule of three different dosages could increase the quantity of G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa and the concentration of blood serum GAS and decrease the content of blood plasma SS in CAG rat at different level respectively. It was more effective in high and moderate dosage groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mica has the pharmacological action of protecting gastric mucosa, promoting the palingenesis of gastric gland and enhancing blood stream of gastric mucosa consequently to abate the inflammation reaction of gastric mucosa. Its effective mechanism is associated with the neuroendocrine regulative mechanism of promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin by increasing the amount of G cells as well as D cells and the concentration of blood serum GAS, and reducing inhibiting action on GAS secretion and enhancing the secretion of GAS by decreasing the content of SS.</p>

Fisiología gástrica / Gastric physiology

La secreción gástrica, como cada una de las funciones de nuestro organismo, requiere de una compleja integración de mecanismos neurales y endocrinológicos. El nervio vago y el sistema nervioso entérico, así como tres diferentes tipos de células (G, D, ECL) participan en la regulación de la función gástrica. La histamina es el principal secretagogo y tanto la vía nerviosa como la gástrica controlan la secreción de la misma. Esta sustancia actúa en receptores H2 que están unidos a proteína Gs, la cual activa a la adenilciclasa para que produzca AMPc y excite a la proteincinasa-C, que a su vez fosforila a la H+/K+ ATPasa. En esta revisión analizamos estos mecanismos.

A Case of Partial-D Category Va / 대한수혈학회지

The patient, a 65-year-old woman, was admitted for chronic subdural hematoma. ABO and Rh blood typing were performed as a pre-operation test. Her red blood cells were not agglutinated with anti-D reagent (Ortho Diagnostic System, USA). But they were positive in subsequently performed weak-D test and also agglutinated with three other anti-D reagents (Baxter Dade, USA; Biotest Diagnostics, Korea; Bioscot Ltd., UK). The patient s Rh phenotype was CcDe. Antibody screening test, direct and indirect antiglobulin tests showed negative results. Different reactivity to various anti-D reagents as shown in this case suggested that her cells have partial-D antigen which lack one or more components of the Rh D antigen. We considered that this case was category Va according to the reactivity patterns of monoclonal anti-D antibodies with various partial- D cells.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on antral gastrin and somatostatin cells and on serum gastrin concentrations

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori infection induces selective reduction of the number of antral D-cells and results in abnormal regulation of serum gastrin secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and the numbers of G-cells and D-cells. METHODS: The numbers of antral G-cells and D-cells, the ratio of G-cells to D-cells and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were compared between 37 patients with (29 with duodenal ulcers and 8 with gastric ulcers) and 33 without H. pylori infection (22 with duodenal ulcers and 11 with gastric ulcers). Serum gastrin concentrations were measured using the radioimmunoassay technique. Antral mucosal biopsy specimens were examined using immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for gastrin and somatostatin and the numbers of G-cells and D-cells per gastric gland were counted. RESULTS: Fasting serum gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with H. pylori infection compared to patients without infection (80.3 +/- 23.5 vs 47.6 +/- 14.1 pg/ml, p 0.5). The number of D-cells was significantly lower in patients with H. pylori infection than in uninfected patients in both duodenal and gastric ulcer patients (1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 2.5 +/- 1.6, respectively, p < 0.001). The ratio of G-cells to D-cells was also significantly higher in infected patients compared with uninfected patients for both gastric and duodenal ulcers (5.7 +/- 2.7 vs 3.5 +/- 1.9, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection induces reduction of the number of antral D-cells. The resulting relative hypofunction of the inhibitory action of D-cells against G-cells may be responsible for increased serum gastrin secretion.

A role of endogenous somatostatin in exocrine secretion induced by intrapancreatic cholinergic activation

A role of endogenous somatostatin in pancreatic exocrine secretion induced by intrapancreatic cholinergic activation was studied in the isolated rat pancreas perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Intrapancreatic neurons were activated by electrical field stimulation (EFS: 15 V, 2 msec and 8 Hz). Pancreatic exocrine secretion, including volume flow and amylase output, and release of somatostatin from the pancreas were respectively determined. Somatostatin cells in the islet were stained with an immunoperoxidase method. EFS significantly increased pancreatic volume flow and amylase output, which were reduced by atropine by 59% and 78%, respectively. Intraarterial infusion of either pertussis toxin or a somatostatin antagonist resulted in a further increase in the EFS-evoked pancreatic secretion. EFS also further elevated exocrine secretion in the pancreas treated with cysteamine, which was completely restored by intraarterial infusion of somatostatin. EFS significantly increased not only the number of immunoreactive somatostatin cells in the islet but also the concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin in portal effluent. It is concluded from the above results that intrapancreatic cholinergic activation elevates pancreatic exocrine secretion as well as release of endogenous somatostatin. Endogenous somatostatin exerts an inhibitory influence on exocrine secretion induced by intrapancreatic cholinergic activation via the islet-acinar portal system in the isolated pancreas of the rat.

Immunocytochemical Expression of Amylin in Pancreatic Islets of Man, Rabbit and Guinea Pig / 대한해부학회지

A putative polypeptide hormone identified as amylin[islet amyloid polypeptide] is synthesized and co-localized with insulin in B cells of pancreatic islets in several animal species including man. However, there is growing evidence that somatostatin cells are also expressed and contained amylin in the pancreatic islets of the rat The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunocytochemical expression of the amylin within the endocrine pancreas of the man, rabbit and guinea pig, with special reference to the possible ability of islet cells other than insulin cells to synthesize amylin. For this purpose serial sections of the pancreatic islets were stainedimmunocytochemically using anti-amylin, anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin antisera. In serial sections of pancreatic islets of the man and rabbit, it was shown that amylin immunoreactivity occurred in insulin-reactive B cells predominantly located in interior of the islets. In contrast, amylin immunoreacivity appeared in glucagon-reactive A cells peripherally located in the islets of the guinea pig. These results suggest that in both the man and rabbit, amylin is synthesized by B cells for subsequent co-secretion with insulin, and that in guinea pig, amylin is synthesized by A cells for co-secretion with glucagon. It thus appears that amylin release may be mediated by different secretory mechanisms according to animal species.

The Effect of Sciatic Nerve Transection on the Somatostatin and Substance P Cells in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Rats

The authors investigated the morphometric analysis of substance P(SP)- and somatostatin(SOM)- containing nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia. For this purpose, immunohistochemical method was used to determine the number, size and the morphological characteristics of SP- and SOM-reactive cells in L5 dorsal root ganglia of rats. In addition, changes in type A, type B, SP- and SOM-containing nerve cells in ganglia after sciatic nerve transection were also determined. The results were as follows : 1) SP- and SPOM-reactive nerve cells belong to the population of type B cell, but N/C ratios of immunoreactive cells were higher than others ; 2) in normal group, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells were 12.5 and 3.2% of total nerve cells in ganglia, respectively ; 3) the case of coexistence of SP and SOM in one cell was not found ; 4) and there was a marked reduction in the number of SP- and SOM-reactive cells at 2 weeks after nerve injuries. And SP-reactive nerve cells were increased in number at 6 weeks after operation, but SOM-reactive cells were not. According to these results, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells belong to type B cells, but do not coexist in one cell. These nerve cells were decreased in number after nerve transection. SP-reactive nerve cells were recovered at 6 weeks after operation but recovery of SOM-reactive cell was not found.

Effects of Total Hypophys Ectomy on the Blood Sugar and Pancreas in the Dog

Early attempts at determining the effects of experimental ablation of the hypophysis in the mammal resulted ambiguously, for the animals usually died from attendant injury to the brain or form infection, or , if they survived, some of the effects observed often were due to injury to the adjacent regions of the brain during the operation. In 1912, Aschner performed removal of the pituitary body by a transbuccal transsphenoidal route in the dog. Smith in 1927 and 1930 reported two methods of hypophysectomy in the rat; the first one was temporal approach, in this method he exposed the pituitary and destroyed with chromic acid injection; the second one was parapharyngeal route. In 1963, Falconi and Rossi described transauricular hypophysectomy in the rat and mice. It is well known that in studying the effects of hypophysectomy removal of the pituitary must be essentially complete without injury to the adjacent regions of the brain, especially in the hypothalamus. The present study was undertaken to device a method of total hypophysectomy and observe the effects on pancreatic structure and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study twenty adult mongrel dogs, weighting from 7 to 10 kg, were used. Twelve of them were male and eight were female. Operative procedure: Under pentobarbital sodium, 30 mg/kg body weight, intravenous anesthesia the dog was placed on the operating table in prone position, and a tube was inserted in the mouth to displace the mandibular angle anterodownwardly. A vertical incision from the midline to just behind the mandibular angle was made, the temporal muscles were also incised vertically and retracted to expose the temporal bone. Following wide craniectomy down to the base of middle cranial fossa and careful opening the dura, temporal lobe was elevated with about 1cm wide brain retractor at the tip of the middle cranial fossa. Since this approach was deep and narrow, a brilliant illumination was thrown from head lamp at neat the center of the binocular magnifier. As the third cranial nerve and intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery were exposed, arachnoid membrane was torn and aspirated cerebrospinal fluid slowly to obtain wider exposure, then elevated posterior communicating artery to expose the pituitary body and stalk. The stalk was clipped and sectioned then pituitary body was removed in a piece or sucked out under direct vision, and the would was closed in layers. In all experimental dogs, pre- and postoperative fasting blood sugar was measured, and the brain and pancreas were removed and fixed in 10 % neutral formalin solution following intracarotid artery infusion of 10% neutral formalin. The removed brain was examined and the pancreas was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Maldonado, and Toluidine blue sating methods. The following results were obtained: 1. The average preoperative fasting venous blood sugar was 98.5+/-5.4mg% in 20 mongrel dogs. 2. In five hypophysectomized dogs, their preoperative average blood sugar was 99.2+/-5.2mg% and their postoperative blood sugar was decreased in the rage from 13.0 to 35.4mg% during the period from 56 to 77 days. 3. In ten dogs who received daily intramuscular injection of 2mg dexamethasone following hypophyseetomy, their average venous blood sugar was 99.5+/-6.12mg%, and their postoperative blood sugar was decreased in the range from 9.7 to 30.5mg%. 4. In five normal dogs, the number of cells per islet varied from 14 to 96 and the average number was 45, and the average ratio of alpha, beta to delta cells was 14.2 : 79.4 : 6.4; in hypophysectomized group the average number per islet was 53 and their ratio was 19.5 : 75.1: 5.4; in the group which received dexamethasone for a week following hypophysectomy, the average number per islet was 53 and the average ratio was 14.6 : 80.5: 4.9, and in the group which received dexamethasone for two weeks, the average number per islet was 37 and the ratio was 15.2 : 80.2 : 4.5. 5. The acini in the hypophysectomized dogs were rather atrophic and illustrated mild intracytoplasmic vacuolization, and the Langerhans islet demonstrated exhausted pattern with small and degranulated beta cells. However, the Langerhans islets of hypophysectomized dogs with dexamethasone administration showed regranulated beta cells in one dog. 6. In pancreas of hypophysectomized dogs increased number of mast cells along the interstitial tissue, periductal region, and peripancreatic fat tissue were observed. There were also one or two mast cells in the islet mainly along the capsule of islets. 7. In pancreas of hypophysectomized dog with dexamethasone administration a few mast cells were observed along the lobular margin and just beneath the capsule of the islets.