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1.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 27: e2599, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374477

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivos Revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre o impacto do tratamento medicamentoso nas funções de voz, fala e deglutição de indivíduos adultos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica esporádica, mensuradas por meio de escalas e seus respectivos escores, em relação ao grupo placebo. Estratégia de pesquisa A busca foi realizada com base na estratégia PICO (problema/população/paciente; intervenção; comparação/controle; desfecho/outcome). As palavras-chave foram selecionadas a partir de consulta aos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e ao Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Dois pesquisadores independentes fizeram busca na American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, em inglês, espanhol e português. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, realizados em adultos, e excluídos artigos cujos desfechos estavam relacionados à autoavaliação e à qualidade de vida, teses, dissertações, apenas resumos disponíveis, estudos de caso, estudos experimentais, capítulos de livro, enciclopédias e comunicações breves. Os estudos foram avaliados por meio das ferramentas Robins II (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies II) e GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Resultados dos 9824 artigos encontrados, 5 realizaram a intervenção medicamentosa e foram selecionados para análise. Observou-se ausência de estudos voltados para reabilitação das funções bulbares. A qualidade de evidência gerada variou de alto a baixo risco e o nível de evidência, de baixo a muito baixo. Conclusão a maioria dos estudos demonstra que o tratamento medicamentoso atrasa a degeneração das funções bulbares, com relação ao placebo, embora tal achado não tenha sido observado nos escores de escalas que mensuram tais funções. Os estudos apresentam risco de viés de seleção e muito baixa/baixa qualidade metodológica, limitando a confiança nos achados.


ABSTRACT Purpose To carry out a systematic review of the literature on the impact of drug treatment on the voice, speech, and swallowing functions of adult individuals with sporadic ALS, measured through scales and their respective scores, concerning the placebo group. Research strategy The search strategy was created based on the PICO strategy. The keywords were selected from a consultation with the health sciences descriptors - DECS and the medical subject headings - MeSH. Two independent researchers searched ASHA, Cochrane, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Selection criteria Randomized clinical trials, carried out on adults, were included, and articles with outcomes related to selfassessment and quality of life, theses, dissertations, abstracts only , case studies, experimental studies, book chapters, encyclopedia and brief communication were excluded. The studies were evaluated using the Robins II and Grade tool. Results Of the 9824 articles found, 5 were selected for analysis and underwent drug intervention. It is noticed the absence of studies aimed at the rehabilitation of bulb functions. The quality of evidence generated varied from high to low risk and the level of evidence low and very low. Conclusion Most studies show a delay in the degeneration of bulbar functions in relation to placebo, although this finding has not been observed in the scores of scales that measure such functions. Studies are at risk of selection bias and very low/low methodological quality makes the findings questionable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Speech/drug effects , Voice/drug effects , Riluzole/therapeutic use , Deglutition/drug effects , Edaravone/therapeutic use , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy
2.
Rev. bras. psiquiatr ; 41(1): 9-14, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985360

ABSTRACT

Objective: Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the non-psychotomimetic compounds of Cannabis sativa, causes anxiolytic-like effects in animals, with typical bell-shaped dose-response curves. No study, however, has investigated whether increasing doses of this drug would also cause similar curves in humans. The objective of this study was to compare the acute effects of different doses of CBD and placebo in healthy volunteers performing a simulated public speaking test (SPST), a well-tested anxiety-inducing method. Method: A total of 57 healthy male subjects were allocated to receive oral CBD at doses of 150 mg (n=15), 300 mg (n=15), 600 mg (n=12) or placebo (n=15) in a double-blind procedure. During the SPST, subjective ratings on the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) and physiological measures (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) were obtained at six different time points. Results: Compared to placebo, pretreatment with 300 mg of CBD significantly reduced anxiety during the speech. No significant differences in VAMS scores were observed between groups receiving CBD 150 mg, 600 mg and placebo. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the anxiolytic-like properties of CBD and are consonant with results of animal studies describing bell-shaped dose-response curves. Optimal therapeutic doses of CBD should be rigorously determined so that research findings can be adequately translated into clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anxiety/drug therapy , Speech/drug effects , Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Cannabidiol/administration & dosage , Socioeconomic Factors , Double-Blind Method , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(11): 835-840, 1jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691311

ABSTRACT

Objective Research is scarce regarding the use of prosodic parameters in the expression of attitudes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the parameters used in prosodic expression of attitudes in individuals with idiopathic PD and the effect of levodopa on these parameters. Method We studied the use of levodopa in 10 individuals with idiopathic PD during the “off” and “on” periods, and 10 individuals without neurological abnormalities. Results PD patients showed lower frequency measurements and longer duration measurements. The levodopa caused reduction in the duration parameter. Conclusion PD patients use prosody to express their attitudes in the same way as controls in both off and on periods. However, when attitudes are not taken into account, levodopa is effective in improving the duration parameter. .


Objetivo A literatura é omissa quando questionada sobre o emprego dos parâmetros prosódicos na expressão das atitudes em parkinsonianos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros prosódicos empregados na expressão de atitudes em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) idiopática e a interferência da levodopa sobre esses parâmetros. Método Foram estudados 10 indivíduos com DP idiopática, em uso de levodopa, nos períodos off e on e 10 indivíduos sem alterações neurológicas. Resultados A DP faz com que os parkinsonianos apresentem menores medidas de frequência e maiores medidas de duração. A levodopa provocou redução no parâmetro duração. Conclusão A DP não faz com que o sujeito use sua prosódia para expressar as atitudes de forma diferente do grupo controle, em ambos os períodos, off e on. No entanto, quando não são levadas em consideração as atitudes, observamos que a levodopa foi eficiente em melhorar o parâmetro de duração. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Speech/drug effects , Speech/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Reference Values , Speech Acoustics , Speech Production Measurement , Time Factors , Voice Quality
5.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 22(5): 153-8, set.-out. 1986.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-35935

ABSTRACT

O autor relata um caso de síndrome distônica com fala assemelhada à afasia dinâmica e eferente de A.R. Luria e discute as possíveis implicaçöes de lesöes específicas de sistemas bioquímicos nas manifestaçöes clínicas dos afásicos, a partir da observaçäo da melhora do quadro com o uso de isoniazida e trifluoperazina. Também propöe o estudo da fala de pacientes com doenças do sistema extrapiramidal, suspeitando de padröes específicos de alteraçöes, independentes do prejuízo decorrente do transtorno motor


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Speech/drug effects , Trifluoperazine/therapeutic use , Dystonia/drug therapy
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