Vertebral fractures in adult women with type 2 diabetes mellitus / Fracturas vertebrales en mujeres adultas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Introduction. Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with important comorbidities. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with a three times increased risk of hip fracture but reports describing potential associations with vertebral fractures (VF) are contradictory. Our objective was to evaluate the factors involved in the prevalent VF in women with and without T2DM. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional design was used and the relationship between morphometric VF and T2DM in adult women was evaluated. The cases were adult women with morphometric VF and the controls were adult women without VF. Thoracic and spinal radiographs in lateral and antero-posterior projections were obtained. Bone mineral density (BMD) values of the lumbar spine (L-BMD) were measured by DXA. Results. A greater number of women with T2DM were found in the VF group (61% vs 31.5%). Non-T2DM women with VF were significantly older and with lower L-BMD than non-T2DM without VF. We observed a negative correlation between age and L-BMD (r=-0.463) in non-T2DM women, but not in the T2DM with FV group. T2DM was a risk factor for prevalent VF with OR of 3.540 (IC95% 1.750-7.160). Conclusion. Our study showed a higher prevalence of T2DM in the VF group. T2DM women with VF were younger and had higher L-BMD than non-T2DM women, L-BMD did not correlate with age and VF were not distributed according to BMD-L and age. (AU)

Introducción. La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica asociada con comorbilidades importantes. La diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) se asocia con un riesgo tres veces mayor de fractura de cadera pero la asociación con fracturas vertebrales (FV) es contradictoria. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los factores involucrados en las FV prevalentes en mujeres adultas con y sin DM2. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un diseño transversal y se evaluó la relación entre FV morfométrica y DM2 en mujeres adultas. Los casos fueron mujeres adultas con FV morfométricas y los controles fueron mujeres adultas sin FV. Se obtuvieron radiografías torácicas y espinales en proyecciones lateral y anteroposterior. Los valores de densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de la columna lumbar (DMO-L) se midieron por DXA. Resultados. Se observó un mayor número de mujeres con DM2 en el grupo de FV (61% frente a 31.5%). Las mujeres sin DM2 con FV eran significativamente mayores y con una DMO-L más baja que las mujeres sin DM2 sin FV. Observamos una correlación negativa entre la edad y la DMO-L (r= -0.463) en mujeres sin DM2 y FV, pero no en DM2 con FV. La DM2 fue un factor de riesgo para FV prevalente con un OR 3.540 (IC95% 1.750-7.160). Conclusión. Nuestro estudio demostró una mayor prevalencia de DM2 en el grupo de FV. Las mujeres con DM2 y FV eran más jóvenes y tenían mayor DMO-L que las mujeres sin DM2, la DMO-L no correlacionó con la edad y las FV no se distribuyeron de acuerdo a la DMO-L y edad. (AU)

Are glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis recommendations sufficient to determine antiosteoporotic treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated differences in identifying candidates for antiosteoporotic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients according to two available clinical guidelines. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 100 female patients aged 50 years or older with RA who visited Hanyang University Hospital for periodic examinations between April 2011 and August 2011. We applied the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) recommendations and the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) guidelines to RA patients and examined agreement between the guidelines for identifying candidates for antiosteoporotic treatment. We also analyzed the impact of screening vertebral fractures (VFs) in determining the treatment of osteoporosis in RA patients. RESULTS: The 57 patients taking glucocorticoids were classified into high-risk (n = 23), medium-risk (n = 16), and low-risk (n = 18) groups according to the GIOP recommendations. Based on the NOF guidelines, 36 of 57 patients were candidates for antiosteoporotic treatment and the agreement between two guidelines was high (kappa = 0.76). Two of the 18 patients in the low-risk group and 19 of 43 patients not eligible per the GIOP recommendations were classified as candidates for antiosteoporotic treatment by the NOF guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: In determining antiosteoporotic treatment for RA patients, using only the GIOP recommendations is insufficient. Application of the NOF guidelines in patients not eligible for or classified into the low-risk group per the GIOP recommendations and screening for VFs may be helpful in deciding on antiosteoporotic treatment in RA patients.

Osteoporosis grave con aplastamientos vertebrales en dermatomiositis juvenil: efecto del tratamiento con alendronato oral / Severe osteoporosis with vertebral crushes in juvenile dermatomyositis: effect of oral alendronate therapy

Los glucocorticoides son usados comúnmente para el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias, autoinmunes, enfermedades malignas, y en la prevención de rechazo de órganos trasplantados. Un efecto secundario frecuente del tratamiento prolongado es la pérdida de masa ósea que se produce por varios mecanismos y es causa de osteoporosis y fracturas vertebrales. El tratamiento con disfosfonatos ha sido propuesto para esta situación. Presentamos un caso clínico de osteoporosis grave en una niña con dermatomiositis juvenil, que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento con disfosfonatos orales.

Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cancer, and in prevention of organ rejects. A frequent secondary effect of longterm treatment with corticoids is the loss of bone mass, caused by several mechanisms: decrease in the intestinal calcium absorption, increase of the renal calcium excretion at the distal renal tubule, suppressive effect on the osteoblast and also in apoptosis of osteoclasts, inhibition in local production of IGF I (Insulin-like growth factor) and IGFBPs (binding IGF I proteins necessary for bone metabolism), and decrease on osteocalcin production. Longterm treatment with corticoids is associated with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. To improve this condition, treatment with bisphosphonates has been proposed. We present here a clinical case of a girl with dermatomyositis and severe osteoporosis with vertebral crushes, who responded well to oral bisphophonate treatment.

The effect of intravenous zoledronic acid on glucocorticoid-induced multiple vertebral fractures in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Glicocorticóides são fármacos comumente usados no tratamento de pacientes lúpicos, porém apresentam efeitos adversos importantes, principalmente a osteoporose e fraturas. O tratamento da osteoporose em pacientes jovens deve ser eficaz e não prejudicial ao crescimento e remodelamento ósseo. Os bisfosfonatos são drogas que reduzem a incidência de fraturas, mas seu uso em crianças e adolescentes ainda é controverso, devido a seus possíveis efeitos adversos no esqueleto em crescimento. Estudos recentemente publicados demonstraram que o crescimento linear se manteve normal com o uso de bisfosfonatos, não havendo supressão excessiva do remodelamento ósseo ou defeitos de mineralização. O ácido zoledrônico é um novo bisfosfonato endovenoso aprovado pelo FDA para o uso na hipercalcemia das neoplasias e parece ser um tratamento eficaz para a osteoporose pós-menopáusica. Os autores descrevem um caso de uma adolescente lúpica que desenvolveu múltiplas fraturas vertebrais induzidas pelo glicocorticóide e obteve importante melhora clínica e densitométrica após o tratamento com o ácido zoledrônico.

Osteoporosis vertebral inducida por corticoides y ciclosporina en una paciente con enfermedad de Still / Vertebral osteoporosis induced by corticoids and cyclosporine in a patient with Still diseases

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años quien recibió prednisona y ciclosporina en altas dosis como tratamiento de la enfermedad de Still. Consultó por dolores invalidantes. Se comprobaron fracturas vertebrales múltiples, densidad mineral ósea lumbar descendida en rango de osteoporosis, alta remodelación ósea e hipercalciuria. Fue tratada con pamidronato por vía endovenosa (225 mg en tres meses), calcitonina nasal (200-400 UI/día), tiazidas (25 mg/día) y kinesioterapia. Se obtuvo una rápida disminución del dolor y la paciente se movilizó por sus propios medios. Se discuten estas indicaciones en el marco de los conocimientos actuales sobre enfermedades metabólicas del hueso.