A Systematic Review of Interspinous Dynamic Stabilization

BACKGROUND: A systematic literature review of interspinous dynamic stabilization, including DIAM, Wallis, Coflex, and X-STOP, was conducted to assess its safety and efficacy. METHODS: The search was done in Korean and English, by using eight domestic databases which included KoreaMed and international databases, such as Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 306 articles were identified, but the animal studies, preclinical studies, and studies that reported the same results were excluded. As a result, a total of 286 articles were excluded and the remaining 20 were included in the final assessment. Two assessors independently extracted data from these articles using predetermined selection criteria. Qualities of the articles included were assessed using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). RESULTS: The complication rate of interspinous dynamic stabilization has been reported to be 0% to 32.3% in 3- to 41-month follow-up studies. The complication rate of combined interspinous dynamic stabilization and decompression treatment (32.3%) was greater than that of decompression alone (6.5%), but no complication that significantly affected treatment results was found. Interspinous dynamic stabilization produced slightly better clinical outcomes than conservative treatments for spinal stenosis. Good outcomes were also obtained in single-group studies. No significant difference in treatment outcomes was found, and the studies compared interspinous dynamic stabilization with decompression or fusion alone. CONCLUSIONS: No particular problem was found regarding the safety of the technique. Its clinical outcomes were similar to those of conventional techniques, and no additional clinical advantage could be attributed to interspinous dynamic stabilization. However, few studies have been conducted on the long-term efficacy of interspinous dynamic stabilization. Thus, the authors suggest further clinical studies be conducted to validate the theoretical advantages and clinical efficacy of this technique.

Conservative and Surgical Treatment Improves Pain and Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

PURPOSE: The pathological mechanism of lumbar spinal stenosis is reduced blood flow in nerve roots and degeneration of nerve roots. Exercise and prostaglandin E1 is used for patients with peripheral arterial disease to increase capillary flow around the main artery and improve symptoms; however, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), an estimation of blood flow in the main artery in the leg, does not change after treatment. Lumbar spinal nerve roots contain somatosensory, somatomotor, and unmyelinated autonomic nerves. Improved blood flow by medication with prostaglandin E1 and decompression surgery in these spinal nerve roots may improve the function of nerve fibers innervating muscle, capillary, and main vessels in the lower leg, resulting in an increased ABI. The purpose of the study was to examine whether these treatments can improve ABI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seven patients who received conservative treatment such as exercise and medication (n=56) or surgical treatment (n=51) were included. Low back pain and leg pain scores, walking distance, and ABI were measured before treatment and after 3 months of conservative treatment alone or surgical treatment followed by conservative treatment. RESULTS: Low back pain, leg pain, and walking distance significantly improved after both treatments (p<0.05). ABI significantly increased in each group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first investigation of changes in ABI after treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Improvement of the spinal nerve roots by medication and decompression surgery may improve the supply of blood flow to the lower leg in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Estudo prospectivo comparativo entre pseudoartrose e fusão óssea na estenose de canal lombar / Prospective-comparative study between pseudarthrosis and bone fusion in lumbar stenosis

OBJETIVO: Estudo prospectivo comparativo entre pseudoartrose e fusão óssea na estenose de canal lombar MÉTODO: 38 pacientes operados de estenose de canal lombar e submetidos à artrodese avaliados por meio de questionários (escala visual analógica - VAS e questionário de incapacidade Rolland Morris). Foram solicitadas radiografias para avaliação da fusão lombar. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma efetiva melhora entre o momento pré-operatório e após um ano em relação ao VAS, tanto no grupo que obteve fusão óssea como no grupo com pseudartrose. Em relação ao questionário Rolland Morris houve uma tendência de melhora no grupo com fusão óssea e uma significante melhora no grupo com pseudoartrose. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença entre os grupos (fusão óssea e pseudoartrose) em relação à dor e incapacidade. Nível de Evidência: Nível II, estudo prospectivo longitudinal.

OBJECTIVE: Prospective-comparative study between pseudarthrosis and bone fusion in lumbar stenosis METHODS: 38 patients operated on for lumbar spinal stenosis and submitted to arthrodesis were evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Radiographs were requested to evaluate spinal fusion. RESULTS: An effective improvement was observed between the preoperative period and one year after the operation, in relation to VAS, both in the group that received a bone fusion and in the group with pseudarthrosis. With regard to the Roland Morris questionnaire, there was a tendency towards an improvement in the bone fusion group and a significant improvement in the pseudarthrosis group. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the groups (bone fusion and pseudarthrosis) in relation to pain and disability. . Level of Evidence: Level II, longitudinal prospective study.

Interspinous bursa and spinal instability.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study. Interspinous tissue was taken intraoperatively for pathological examination for the presence of bursa. The pathologist was unaware of the X-ray findings in each specimen. The presence of bursa was then correlated with X-ray evidence of hypermobility in each segment. OBJECTIVE: To verify the pathogenesis of interspinous bursal formation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Interspinous bursa is common in the older population. It has been associated with degenerative lumbar diseases, aging and anatomical distance between the spinous process. However, no detailed exploration of the segmental instability as a cause of bursal formation has been done. METHOD: The insterspinous tissue was taken intraoperatively from patients diagnosed as multilevelled spinal stenosis who underwent extensive decompression, fusion and instrumentation. The specimens were examined by the same pathologist for the existence of bursa. The presence of bursa was correlated with X-ray motion study of each spinal segment by student t-test. RESULTS: The existence of bursal was significantly correlated with angular mobility of more than 10 degrees. CONCLUSION: Angular mobility is a possible cause of interspinous bursa. On the contrary, the presence of insterspinous bursa may be evidence of segmental hypermobility.

Inestabilidad lumbar posquirúrgica: una revisión de los últimos tres años en el Hospital Central Militar / Posoperatory lumbar insestability: A review of the last three years at the Hospital Central Militar

Se realizó un estudio en 50 pacientes a quienes se operó de la columna lumbar en los servicios de ortopedia y neurocirugía del Hospital Central Militar en los últimos tres años para determinar la frecuencia con que se presenta la inestabilidad lumbar segmentaria posoperatoria y las causas principales que la condicionan. Se efectuó una valoración clínica a partir del cuarto mes posterior a la operación con un seguimiento hasta de 38 meses complementándose su estudio con radiografías dinámicas del segmento lumbar y, en algunos casos, con tomografía axial computada. El método para evaluar las radiografías dinámicas fue el de Ponser para determinar el porcentaje de desplazamiento horizontal vetebral correlacionándolo con los síntomas de los pacientes. En 10 pacientes se identificó deslizamiento vertebral posoperatorio (20 por ciento) sugestivo de inestabilidad, en cinco de ellos existián listesis previa, tres con datos de canal estrecho degenerativo y dos con hernia discal. Siete de estos pacientes tenían síntomas variados, sobresaliendo la lumbalgia de moderada a intensa, la limitación de los arcos de movilidad y fenómenos disestésicos pasajeros en las extremidades inferiores. Los estudios tomográficos revelaron resección extensa de las láminas vertebrales en los pacientes que mostraron esplazamiento posoperatorio y en tres de ellos, además, reseccionaes amplias de las facetas articulares. Las resecciones extensas de láminas vertebrales, facetas articulares y el daño a los elementos estabilizadores como cápsulas, anillos fibrosos, ligamentos y núcleos pulposos de los discos intervertebrales son factores condicionantes en mayor o menor grado para el establecimiento de inestabilidad lumbar posoperatoria. La esponhdilolistesis degenerativa es determinante para el desarrollo de inestabilidad si no se efectúa concomitantemente una artrodesis del segmento al realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico descompresivo

Estenose lombar / Lumbar stenosis

O autor apresenta uma revisäo sobre estenose lombar. Procura definir melhor os elementos ósseos envolvidos na compressäo da raiz e o quadro clínico. É destacada a importância da meilografia no diagnóstico por imagem. No tratamento, säo abordados detalhes considerados importantes para o ato cirúrgico

Estenose do canal lombar: análise de 14 casos operados / Lumbar spinal canal stenosis: analysis of 14 operated cases

Após uma breve revisäo da literatura, apresentam-se 14 casos operados de estenose do canal lombar. Chama-se a atençäo para os aspectos fisiopatológicos, radiológicos e clínicos, destacando a claudicaçäo intermitente neurogênica. Analisam-se os resultados cirúrgicos dos seus casos, que foram todos operados no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, com um follow up médio de três anos