ABSTRACT
Background: The Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) is a screening tool for domestic violence used in Unites States. Aim: To carry out the cultural adaptation of the WAST instrument for early detection of domestic violence in primary health care. Material and Methods: Qualitative techniques for cultural adaptation were used in stages 1 and 2 and quantitative techniques were used in stage 3. The validity of content was assessed using judge tests carried out with experts in the field. Linguistic adaptation was carried out using a focal group technique to ensure semantic and language comprehension. Finally, the culturally adapted instrument was applied to 16 women who were victims of violence and to 28 women without a history of violence. Results: For cultural adaptation, the judges' test added the item of economic violence to the instrument. According to the focus groups, some words were changed to facilitate understanding by the subjects. According to the scores obtained in women with and without a history of violence, a cut-off point of 15 points was defined to determine a history of domestic violence with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. The Cronbach Alpha of the questionnaire was 91%. Conclusions: WAST is an effective and easily applied instrument for the early detection of domestic violence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Translations , Chile , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Cultural CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Introducción: la violencia afecta a una de cada tres mujeres alguna vez en la vida. Cuando es producida por su pareja constituye un suceso destructor, generador de tensión, angustia y peligro para la vida. Objetivo: caracterizar la violencia hacia la mujer por su pareja en los casos asistidos en el Centro de Salud Mental de Aguada de Pasajeros, provincia de Cienfuegos, durante el año 2014. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal, en 45 mujeres asistidas en el Centro de Salud Mental de Aguada de Pasajeros, provincia de Cienfuegos. Fueron utilizadas las técnicas de análisis documental, entrevistas, test de detección de tipos de violencia y de diagnóstico de violencia en la pareja. Resultados: predominaron las edades entre 26 y 35 años en un 46,6 %. En cuanto a nivel cultural el medio superior, con un 46,6 %. Se apreció un 66,6 %) de uniones consensuales. El 46,6 % ocupaban plazas técnicas. Estuvo presente la violencia física y psicológica en la totalidad de las féminas, la sexual en 15 mujeres y la económica en 38. La mayoría (23) estaban expuestas a un segundo grado de violencia. Prevalecieron sentimientos de culpa, temor a la soledad y relacionan la violencia con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Conclusiones: se detectó en las mujeres estudiadas violencia psicológica, física, económica y sexual; de diferentes niveles, desde una relación violenta hasta una violencia peligrosa. Prevaleció el segundo nivel de violencia y creencias erróneas acerca de los roles de género de las mujeres maltratadas y de los hombres violentos (AU).
Introduction: violence affects one of every three women some time in her life. When it is caused by her couple it becomes a destructive fact, generating tension, anguish and danger for her life. Objective: to characterize violence toward women from the part of her couple in the cases attended at the Mental Health Center of Aguada de Pasajeros, province of Cienfuegos, during 2014. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive research was carried out in 45 women attended at the Mental Health Center of Aguada de Pasajeros, province of Cienfuegos. The used techniques were documental analysis, interviews, tests for detecting the kind of violence, and tests for diagnosing violence in the couple. Results: ages between 26 and 35 years predominated for a 46,6 %. According to the scholarship, high school prevailed, with 46,6 %. A 66,6 % of consensual unions were found. 46,6 % of women worked as technicians. Physical and social violence was found in the total of women, the sexual one in 15 women, and the economic one in 38. Most of them (23) were exposed to a second degree of violence. The prevailing feelings were guiltiness, solitude fear and a link of violence with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: sexual, economic, physical and psychological violence was found in the studied women, in different levels, from a violent relationship to a dangerous violence. The second level of violence and erroneous beliefs on the genre roles of the abused women and the violent men prevailed (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Violence Against Women , Spouse Abuse/prevention & control , Spouse Abuse/trends , Mental Health , Observational Studies as Topic , Gender-Based Violence/prevention & control , Gender-Based Violence/trendsABSTRACT
La finalidad de este estudio instrumental fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Manual para la Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia contra la Pareja SARA (The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment) por medio de la adaptación y de la obtención de indicadores de validez concurrente y diagnóstica y de consistencia interna. La muestra estuvo conformada por 62 participantes, 32 agresores contra la pareja y 30 no agresores contra la pareja (muestra de contraste). Se administró el Manual SARA adaptado, junto al Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) versión chilena y el Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) versión chilena. Los resultados sugieren buenos coeficientes de consistencia interna, validez concurrente y validez diagnóstica. Se discuten las implicancias de los hallazgos.
The purpose of this instrumental study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) through an adaptation process and evaluating concurrent and diagnostic validity and internal consistency. The participants were 62, 32 offenders against their couple and 30 non-offenders against their couple (comparison sample). The instruments were SARA adapted, the chilean version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and the chilean version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). The results suggest good reliability coefficients, concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Risk Assessment/methods , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Chile , Reproducibility of Results , Neuroticism , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Objective: Describing the profile of violence against women regarding aggression, the socio-demographic characteristics of the victim and the perpetrator of the violence. Method: a transversal study of quantitative approach and descriptive analysis. The population consisted of 42 women victims of violence. Results: of the total 42 participants, prevailed in women aged 30-39 years old, with complete high school and family income of 1-3 minimum wages. The physical, psychological and moral violence prevailed in 26.2% of cases. The main offenders were the companions of those women, the home environment is the space where most attacks occur and jealousy was appointed as the main factor to unleash aggression. The attackers, mostly present among the age group 40-49 years old, and have had studied until elementary school. Conclusion: it notes the challenge and the responsibility of health professionals in the recognition and registration of cases seen in health services...
Objetivo: Descrever o perfil da violência contra a mulher, no que se refere à agressão, às características sociodemográficas da vítima e do autor da violência. Método: estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa e análise descritiva. A população foi constituída por 42 mulheres vítimas de violência. Resultados: predomínio de mulheres na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos, ensino médio completo e renda familiar de 1 a 3 salários mínimos. A violência física, psicológica e moral prevaleceu em 26,2% dos casos.Os principais agressores foram os companheiros e o ciúme foi apontado como principal fator de desencadeio para agressão. Os agressores, em sua maioria, apresentam-se entre a faixa etária de 40 a 49anos e cursaram até o ensino fundamental completo. Conclusão: nota-se o desafio e a responsabilidade dos profissionais de saúde no reconhecimento e no registro dos casos atendidos nos serviços de saúde...
Objetivo: Describir el perfil de la violencia contra mujeres, el tipo de agresión, las características sociodemográficas de la víctima y del autor de la violencia. Método: un estudio transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo y de análisis descriptivo. La población estudiada consistió en 42 mujeres víctimas de violencia. Resultados: predominaron mujeres entre 30 a 39 años, con secundaria completa e ingreso familiar entre 1 a 3 salarios mínimos. Prevaleció la agresión física, psicológica y moral en 26,2 %. Los principales agresores fueron los compañeros de las víctimas. La mayoría de los ataques ocurrió en casa y los celos fue el principal factor que desencadenó la agresión. Los agresores tenían entre 40 a 49 años de edad y habían completado hasta la educación primaria. Conclusión: Es un desafío y responsabilidad de los profesionales de salud saber reconocer y registrar casos de violencia contra mujeres atendidos en los servicios de salud...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Spouse Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Battered Women , Violence Against Women , BrazilABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar algunas propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del index of spouse abuse en una muestra de varones españoles, ya que no existen instrumentos validados en España en esta población. Participaron 598 varones con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 77 años (M = 40.20; DT = 13.71) seleccionados de la población general mediante muestreo incidental. Los resultados mostraron una estructura de 30 ítems agrupados en tres subescalas: abuso no físico, control de conductas y abuso físico. Los valores de fiabilidad oscilaron entre .60 y .81. Mostró buena validez convergente con las puntuaciones de la sexual assertiveness scale. Se encontró que las conductas de abuso más frecuentes son de abuso no físico y control de conductas, siendo el abuso físico menos frecuente. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y sus implicaciones para la evaluación de la violencia de pareja en varones.
The aim of the present study was to analyze some psychometric properties of the index of spouse abuse in a spanish male sample, because there are no adapted instruments in Spain for this population. Participants were 598 males with ages ranging from 18 to 77 years old (M = 40.20; SD = 13.71), and they were selected from general population through a convenience sampling procedure. Results showed a structure made up of 30 items clustered into three subscales: nonphysical abuse, behavior controlling, and physical abuse. Reliability values ranged from .60 to .81. It showed good convergent validity with scores on the sexual assertiveness scale. Further, it was found that nonphysical abuse and behavior controlling were the most frequent form of abuse, while physical abuse was less frequent. Results and their implications for the assessment of partner abuse are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Spain , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Este artículo describe el proceso de traducción y adaptación del inglés-español del instrumento "Woman Abuse Screen" para uso en investigación. El cuestionario original fue traducido al español por dos traductores e intérpretes bilingües, y posteriormente se condujo una revisión de contenido por expertos asegurándose que incluía elementos relevantes del concepto "violencia". El instrumento traducido "Cuestionario de Abuso en contra de la Mujer" (CACM) fue puesto a prueba con 217 mujeres que iniciaron su control prenatal en clínicas en Monterrey, México. El análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación Varimax agrupó nueve reactivos en tres factores (violencia sexual, física y psicológica) con varianza explicada de 79.8 por ciento. El coeficiente de confiabilidad obtenido fue 0.86 (Alfa de Cronbach). Se concluye que CACM es un instrumento fácil de contestar y que entrega información sobre el tipo de violencia que está siendo víctima la mujer en el presente o el pasado. CACM puede ser utilizado en investigación y/o práctica clínica.
This paper describes the process of English-Spanish translation and adaptation of the "Woman Abuse Screen" for use in research. The original screen was initially translated into Spanish by two bilingual translators-interpreters, followed by a content review conducted by experts to ensure that the screen included relevant aspects of the conceptualization of violence. The Spanish translation "Cuestionario de Abuso en contra de la Mujer" (CACM) was tested with 217 pregnant women initiating prenatal care in outpatient clinics in Monterrey, Mexico. Exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation grouped the nine items on three factors (sexual, physical and psychological violence) with an explained variance of 79.8 percent. A reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained (Cronbach Alpha). It is concluded that CACM is easy to answer and provides information on previous and present violence experienced by the women. CACM may be utilized in practice and research for screening of interpersonal violence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Violence Against Women , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Mexico , Psychometrics , TranslatingABSTRACT
Intimate partner violence against women is a common problem in all countries and generates a challenging agenda for the health sector. Exchanging experiences between different countries, specifically strategies to respond to this problem, can constitute a tool for stimulating debate and promoting reflection. The scope of this article is to present and reflect on aspects of the Australian health sector response to intimate partner violence, and chart the scenario that surrounds this issue. We draw on a range of methods, combining a literature review and a dialogue with different stakeholders and site visits. We describe historical, contemporary and conceptual aspects of healthcare responses to intimate partner violence in Australia. Further we present some of the strategies, public policies and innovative projects that have been developed in this field in Australia. Some of the strategies include: screening vs. case-finding; primary care approaches for dealing with all family members; respect for diversity; and new randomized trials aiming for sustainable health system change for enhanced health professional care of people experiencing intimate partner violence. Despite the limitations of this approach to such a complex theme, we hope to stimulate thinking and discussion.
A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres é comum em todos os países, gerando desafiadora agenda para o setor saúde. A troca de experiências entre países, referente às estratégias de enfrentamento do problema, pode constituir-se em subsídio para fomentar debates e promover reflexões. Este artigo pretende apresentar e refletir sobre aspectos do contexto australiano no âmbito de respostas do setor saúde à violência por parceiro íntimo, cartografando o cenário que cerca essa questão. A metodologia foi desenhada combinando pesquisa bibliográfica, diálogo com diferentes atores e visitas in loco. Foram descritos aspectos históricos, contemporâneos e conceituais acerca das respostas da saúde a violência por parceiro íntimo na Austrália e apresentadas algumas estratégias, políticas públicas e projetos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos no país. Merecem relevo: rastreamento e busca ativa de casos de violência por parceiro íntimo; abordagem em atenção primária com todos os membros familiares; respeito às diversidades; ensaios randomizados envolvendo mudanças na formação dos profissionais e no sistema de saúde no que tange ao cuidado de mulheres vivenciando violência por parceiro íntimo. Apesar das limitações ao abordar tema tão complexo, espera-se estimular reflexões e discussões.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Battered Women , Spouse Abuse , Australia , Delivery of Health Care , Public Policy , Sexual Partners , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Spouse Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Spouse Abuse/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Every year between 1.5 and 4 million women are abused by a partner in the United States and many abused women turn to the Emergency Department (ED) as their first source of care. Even though the vast majority of patients would feel comfortable disclosing intimate partner violence (IPV) to their physician, identification and referral is inconsistent . AIMS: The aim of this paper was to discuss prevalence statistics of IPV, current screening recommendations and practices in ED settings, and future directions to improve the screening and identifying of victims of IPV that present to the ED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors conducted a Medline search for articles discussing IPV screening in the ED. RESULTS: Intimate partner violence results in approximately 1,300 deaths and 2,000,000 injuries annually among women and up to a third of ED patients have a history of IPV. Despite patients' reported willingness to disclose this information, identification of IPV by healthcare practitioners remains very low, with some estimates ranging between 4-10%. CONCLUSIONS: If we do not identify victims of IPV in the ED, this may result in continuation of the abuse, routine returns to the ED for treatment of injuries, and possibly even death.
Subject(s)
Battered Women/psychology , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sexual Partners , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , United StatesABSTRACT
O trabalho aborda como homens e mulheres de baixa renda e escolaridade, da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, pensam suas relações afetivo-familiares e os diferentes contextos de violência que vivenciam. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, utilizando grupos focais, com vistas a subsidiar estudo mais global acerca de violência contra a mulher e saúde. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais (dois com mulheres e dois com homens, na faixa etária de 25 a 35 anos), abordando as representações, livres e instigadas por ditos populares, de: homem e mulher ideais; as relações afetivo- sexuais e familiares; os concretamente vividos; e a violência doméstica. Usa-se a análise temática. Os resultados apontam para cisões entre atributos físicos e condutas morais na mulher ideal referida pelos homens, já aquela referida pelas mulheres define uma autonomia controlada. Os homens tiveram dificuldades em definir o homem ideal, já para as mulheres o ideal é o homem-família. Quanto à violência, é em princípio sempre condenável. É tolerável e instintiva para homens; e fatalidade ou destino, pela natureza masculina, para mulheres, tornando-se evento natural e trivial dos cotidianos de ambos. O referencial de gênero permite compreensão da violência como ocorrência comum, mas de sentidos diferentes entre gêneros.
This article discusses how men and women of low income and educational level, living in São Paulo City, think their affective and familiar relationships and the different violent contexts they live in. It consists of a qualitative study, based on focus groups and subsiding a more global study on violence against women and health. It has been conducted four groups (two with men and two with women, aging 25 to 35 years) broaching, free and instigated by popular sayings, conceptions on: the ideal man and woman, concretely experienced sexual affective and familiar relationships and on domestic violence. Thematic analysis was used. The results point in the direction of the division between physical attributes and moral conduct in the ideal woman referred by men, whereas the one referred by women defines a controlled autonomy. Men had difficulties in defining the ideal men, while, for women, this ideal is the family man. Violence is, in principle, always condonable. It is tolerable and instintictive for men, and fatality or destiny, because of masculine nature, for women, becoming a natural and trivial event in both of them day-to-day lives. The gender frame allows the comprehension of violence as a common occurrence, but in different senses for each of the genders
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Unemployment , Gender Identity , Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Battered Women/psychology , Social Perception , Poverty , Family Relations , Domestic Violence/psychology , Brazil , Age Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Investiga los antecedentes y los casos de la relación del abuso del alcohol y drogas con la violencia y maltrato a la mujer, desarrollando las caracterïsiticas de la población atendida, tipo de problemas planteados, incidencia del abuso del consumo de alcohol en la violencia, de a coinocer los servicios ofrecidos por la Fundación y presenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones
Subject(s)
Spouse Abuse/diagnosis , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Spouse Abuse/rehabilitation , Spouse Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Battered Women/psychology , Battered Women/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/psychology , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Domestic Violence/psychology , ParaguayABSTRACT
Se investigó la concepción de violencia conyugal en las mujeres adheridas al Programa de "Planificación Familiar", del consultorio "Los Cstaños", perteneciente al S.M.S.S.O., durante los días 2 al 14 de enero de 1992. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo exploratorio. En el Programa de "Planificación Familiar", estan bajo control 2.800 mujeres. De este se extrajo una muestra seleccionada en forma intencionada, de 100 mujeres. En nuestra muestra en estudio, el 54% se encontraba dentro del rango de edad de 21 a 30 años, con un 43% de mujeres casadas. Se encontró un 1% de consumo de alcohol en las mujeres; y un 20% - 4% de consumo de alcohol y drogas, respectivamente en su pareja. Un 59% de las mujeres de la muestra tenia al momento del estudio menos de 3 años de vida en común con su pareja. En cuanto a los episodios de violencia conyugal, sólo un 29% de la mujeres reconoce haber experimentado algún tipo de violencia. Mientras que un 93% , realmente la recibe. Encontrándose un 92% de agresión psicológica, un 60% de agresión sexual y un 57% de agresión física. Siendo el grupo etario entre los 21 a 30 años en el cual se observó el mayor porcentaje de agresión. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la concepción de violencia conyugal que tienen las mujeres. De los datos obtenidos de esta muestra podemos concluír que la mujer reconoce la violencia conyugal en una menor frecuencia de la que realmente recibe