Prévalence des staphylocoques à coagulase négative dans les hémocultures au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd de Casablanca

Introduction: la réalisation des hémocultures est le meilleur moyen de diagnostic des bactériémies, cependant les résultats faussement positifs peuvent entraîner une confusion concernant les schémas thérapeutiques antibiotiques, mettant ainsi en danger la sécurité des patients. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'évaluer la prévalence des Staphylocoques à coagulase négative (SCN) ainsi que Corynebacterium spp et Bacillus spp dans les ballons d'hémoculture analysés au Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca. Cette prévalence a été aussi évaluée en fonction de différents services hospitaliers sur l'année 2016.Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive basée sur une analyse de la base de données informatisée du laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca sur une période de 12 mois allant du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2016, Ont été inclus dans notre étude les bactéries faisant partie de la flore commensale (staphylocoque à coagulase négative,corynébactéries spp et Bacillus spp) Les ballons d'hémoculture ont été incubés sur automate Bactec FX . L'identification des germes à partir d'une culture positive a été réalisée selon les techniques standards de bactériologie et l'antibiogramme selon EUCAST 2015. L'étude est basée sur une analyse de la base de données informatisée du système KALISIL (Netika) version (2.2.10.) du laboratoire de microbiologie du CHU Ibn Rochd-Casablanca Maroc.Résultats: sur 7959 demandes d'hémocultures adressées au laboratoire de bactériologie provenant de 5801 patients, 2491 étaient positifs dont 848, soit 34% des ballons positifs ou 10,6% de l'ensemble des ballons reçus durant l'année 2016, ont été représentées par staphylocoque à coagulase négative, 56 soit (2,2%) ballons des hémocultures par corrynébacteruim SP, suivi par 60 soit (2,4%) ballons par bacillus sp. La fréquence d'isolement du SCN par rapport aux autres bactéries en fonction des services cliniques a montré une fréquence plus élevée dans les services de pédiatrie avec 47,2% suivie des services de médecine avec 44,1%. Conclusion: cette étude montre que, Les staphylocoques à coagulase négative sont les organismes les plus fréquemment isolés des hémocultures, ils constituent une cause non négligeable d'infections nosocomiales mais, ils sont également les contaminants les plus courants des hémocultures

Drug utilization review of mupirocin ointment in a Korean university-affiliated hospital

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine bathing are candidate strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In Korea, intranasal mupirocin is not available, and mupirocin ointment, an over-the-counter drug, has been used indiscriminately. Furthermore, because it is covered by health insurance, mupirocin is easy to prescribe within hospitals. METHODS: We performed a mupirocin drug utilization review (DUR) within Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital. Annual use of mupirocin was investigated between 2003 and 2013, and monthly consumption of mupirocin was assessed during the final 2-year period. The DUR focused on August 2012, the period of highest use of mupirocin. Also, we investigated trends in mupirocin resistance in MRSA between 2011 and 2013. RESULTS: Annual consumption of mupirocin increased from 3,529 tubes in 2003 to 6,475 tubes in 2013. During August 2012, 817 tubes were prescribed to 598 patients; of these, 84.9% were prescribed to outpatients, and 77.6% at the dermatology department. The most common indication was prevention of skin infections (84.9%), and the ointment was combined with systemic antibiotics in 62.9% of cases. The average duration of systemic antibiotic administration was about 7.8 days. The rate of low-level mupirocin resistance in MRSA increased from 8.0% to 22.0%, and that of high-level mupirocin resistance increased from about 4.0% to about 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate use of mupirocin is prevalent. Considering the increase in resistance and the future application of intranasal mupirocin, prophylactic use of mupirocin in dermatology departments should be reconsidered.

Staphylococcal abscess caused by trauma with a rosebush aculeus (Plantae, Rosaceae): apropos of a case / Abscesso estafilococico provocado por traumatismo com aculeo de uma rosa (Plantae, Rosaceae): a proposito de um caso

Cutaneous abscess is a localized collection of pus in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue usually caused by trauma. The authors report the case of a 30-year-old male patient, gardener, that presents an ulcerated plaque in the third right finger, caused by an aculeus plant wound. The examination of the lesion's exudate ruled out the existence of fungi and showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The authors emphasize the sporotrichosis as an important differential diagnosis, especially in endemic areas, and the indication of the exudate culture is discussed.

Abscesso cutâneo é uma coleção de pus localizada na derme e tecido celular subcutâneo decorrente, em geral, de traumatismos. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 30 anos, jardineiro, apresentando uma placa ulcerada, no terceiro quirodáctilo direito, provocada por ferimento com acúleo de planta. O exame do exsudato da lesão descartou a presença de fungos e revelou a presença de Staphylococcus aureus. Os autores enfatizam a importância de se lembrar da esporotricose no diagnóstico diferencial, principalmente em regiões endêmicas e discutem a indicação da cultura do exsudato no caso apresentado.

Aleitamento materno e colonização mucocutânea pelo Staphylococcus aureus na criança com dermatite atópica / Breastfeeding and mucosal and cutaneous colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in atopic children

FUNDAMENTOS: Não há consenso quanto ao efeito do aleitamento materno no desenvolvimento da dermatite atópica. É necessário aprofundar conhecimentos sobre possíveis fatores envolvidos nessa relação, como a influência do aleitamento materno na colonização do paciente atópico pelo Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma potencial associação entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus nas crianças atópicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 79 crianças atópicas de 4-24 meses, de ambos os sexos, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária de Porto Alegre, e 72 mães. Registraram-se dados clinicoepidemiológicos e de alimentação das crianças. Pesquisou-se a presença do S. aureus em swab nasal e cutâneo nas crianças e swab nasal das respectivas mães. Para análise dos dados, realizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fischer. RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças amamentadas, S. aureus foi encontrado nas cavidades nasais de oito (25,8 por cento) e na pele (fossas cubitais) de quatro (12,9 por cento). Entre as não amamentadas, encontrou-se S. aureus nas cavidades nasais de dez (20,8 por cento) e na pele de 11 (22,9 por cento). Entre as mães, 16 (22,2 por cento) apresentaram crescimento de S. aureus no material proveniente do swab nasal. Não se observou associação significativa entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus das cavidades nasais ou da pele das crianças. Entretanto, houve concordância entre a colonização pelo S. aureus nas cavidades nasais das mães e nas cavidades nasais e/ou na pele dos filhos. Das 72 duplas, houve concordância em 56 (77,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno parece não influenciar a colonização mucocutânea pelo S. aureus em crianças com dermatite atópica.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the effects of breastfeeding on the development of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) have shown controversial results. The importance of this condition deserves further studies; in particular, it remains unclear whether colonization of atopic patients by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) through breastfeeding is relevant to the development of AD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential relation between breastfeeding and colonization by S. aureus in atopic patients. METHOD: Transversal study of atopic patients, aged from 4 to 24 months, both genders, receiving outpatient care and 72 mothers. Data on infant breastfeeding practices and on clinical-epidemiological profile were registered. Swabs of the infants' nares and skin (cubital fossa) and swabs of the mothers' nares were collected. For univariate analysis, X2 (chi-square) and Fischer Exact's test were used. RESULTS: Among breastfed children, S. aureus was isolated from 8 (25.8 percent) infants' nares swabs and from 4 (12.9 percent) skin swabs. Among not breastfed children, S. aureus was isolated from 10 (20.8 percent) infants' nares swabs and from 11 (22.9 percent) skin swabs. Sixteen mothers (22.2 percent) had S. aureus isolated from their nares swabs. There was no significant association between breastfeeding and S. aureus colonization (child skin and/or nares). However, there was a degree of concordance for S. aureus carriage among mothers and infants. Among 72 pairs, 56 (77.8 percent) were concordant. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding was not associated with S. aureus muco-cutaneous colonization in atopic infants.

[Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: a hospital study]

Staphylococcus skin infections [SSI] are common. The emergence methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSM is a growing concern. our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological features of SSI in a hospital department. This was a prospective study performed in the Dermatology and Bacteriology department of the La Rabta Hospital during a period of three months [February-April 2008, Were included all cases presenting with a primary SSI. For each patient wee collected epidemiological, clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic features. Twenty-five patients were included in the study concerning 15 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 47 years. Clinical exam revealed a unique lesion in 52%of cases. The abscess was the predominant clinical form [40%]. The bacteriological study isolated a Staphylococcus aureus in the lesion in 40%of cases and in the other sites of staphylococcus portage in 24%of cases. 32%of patients had MRSA. Dermatologists are increasingly faced with cutaneous infections caused by MRSA. Bacterial samples should be taken routinely and probabilistic antibiotic therapy for MRSA instituted in severe infections

Eritrodermia exfoliativa y dermatitis infecciosa en un lactante infectado por el virus linfotrópico humano-I (HTLV-I) / Exfoliative erythroderma and infective dermatitis in an infant infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV I)

We report a HTLV-I positive infant, whose infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The infant presented with an acute, severe, generalized eczema, exfoliation and severe erythroderma that yielded to an acute proteic malnutrition and frequent staphyloccocal infections, unresponsive to treatment, since the second month of life. Immunodeficiencies from other origin and other causes of erythroderma were ruled out. The histopathology studies and clinical course yielded to the diagnosis of infective dermatitis associated to HTLV-I. A review of the literature is performed.

Se presenta un niño infectado por virus HTLV-I por vía vertical, confirmado por reacción de polimerasa en cadena, quien, a partir del segundo mes de vida, presentó un cuadro de eccema agudo severo generalizado, que llegó a la eritrodermia y exfoliación masiva, provocando una desnutrición proteica aguda e infecciones repetidas por Staphylococcus aureus, de difícil manejo. Se descartaron inmunodeficiencias de otro origen, así como otras causas de eritrodermia. Posteriormente, de acuerdo con la evolución clínica y con las biopsias, se interpretó el cuadro como una dermatitis infecciosa asociada a HTLV-I. Se revisa la literatura en relación a la infección por HTLV-I.

Infección por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente adquirido en la comunidad / Infection caused by community acquired methycilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Se presentan cuatro casos clínicos de niños que ingresaron al Servicio de Infecciosos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell con infecciones de piel y partes blandas producidas por Staphylococcus aureus informados como meticilino resistente adquiridos en la comunidad. En ninguno de los casos pudieron detectarse factores de riesgo para el hallazgo de este agente. Se analiza la importancia de la realización de un adecuado estudio de sensibilidad a los antibióticos para Staphylococcus aureus, que determinara como consecuencia un mejor manejo terapéutico de estas infecciones.

Skin and soft tissue infection.

Abstract. Normal skin is heavily colonized by bacterial flora. The most common are the various nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis (coagulase-negative). Skin and soft tissue infections are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes. This article discusses common and some not so common bacterial skin infections, including impetigo, folliculitis, furncles and carbuncles, cellulitis and erysipelas, gangrenous cellulitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and scarlet fever. Impetigo and ecthyma are common bacterial infections of the skin commonly caused by S. aureus and / or Group A streptoccus. In mild and localized impetigo topical antibiotics whereas in widespread or severe one and in ecthyma systemic antibiotics like, cloxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin or cephalexin should be used. Folliculitis, furunculosis and carbuncle are folliculocentric infections caused by S. aureus involving the variable depth and extent of the follicle(s) and surrounding tissue. These conditions can be treated with topical or systemic antibiotics like cloxacillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or vancomycin. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a toxin mediated exfoliative dermatosis caused by S. aureus of phase group II. Intravenous penicillinase-resistant anti-staphylococcal antibiotics like methicillin, cloxacillin, cephalosporin or erythromycin are required. Erysipelas and cellulitis are acute infections of dermal and subcutaneous tissues caused most frequently by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (erysipelas) or S. aureus requiring systemic antibiotics like oral or intravenous penicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, cloxacillin, vacomycin, minocycline or ciprofloxacin depending upon the severity, suspected causative organism and culture/sensitivity results. Gangrenous cellulitis is characterized by infection with necrosis of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue due to various pathogens occurring at different site. Ampicillin, gentamicin, and either metronidazole or clindamycin intravenously in standard doses are recommended for the treatment.

Occurrency of Malassezia pachydermatis and other infectious agents as cause of external otitis in dogs from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil (1996/1997)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the frequency of Malassezia pachydermatis infection and other infectious agents in dogs with external otitis and with healthy auditory tubes. Clinical manifestations of external otitis were evaluated. Samples from the auditory tube of 102 dogs with otitis and from 32 healthy dogs were submitted to direct microscopic examination and cultured in blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Direct examination showed more than ten cells of M. pachydermatis in 52.0per cente of the samples from dogs with otitis, but in only 21.8per cent of the healthy auditory tube samples. M. pachydermatis was isolated in 37.5per cent of the samples from dogs with healthy auditory tube and 76.5per cent (p<0.01) of the samples from dogs with otitis. There was an association between M. pachydermatis and Staphylococcus aureus (p<0.01), but not with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p>0.05). Infection by M. pachydermatis was prevalent in the following breeds: Cocker Spainel, German Shepherd and Brazilian Fila. No differences were found in frequency of the infection in relation to age, sex and ear anatomy of the dogs. Otomycosis were predominantly ceruminous and erythematous. M. pachydermatis was the most frequent agent in external otitis.

Botriomicosis: reporte de siete casos y revisión de la literatura / Botryomycosis: report of seven cases and review of the literature

La botriomicosis es una infección bacteriana de la piel y de las víceras. Presenta diferentes lesiones clínicas en las cuales los agentes causales adoptan la forma de "granos" o "gránulos, en el senio de focos supurativos y granulomatosos. La botriomicosis se clasifica en dos grupos: la forma tegumentaria, que incluye la lesión muscular y ósea, y la forma visceral. En este trabajo se describen siete casos vistos por el autor en los últimos 22 años y junto con la revisión de la literatura se proporcionan las características generales de esta singular enfermedad

Estudio y terapéutica con cefaclor de dermatosis bacterianas severas y/o complicadas con enfermedades o tratamientos inmunosupresores en pacientes pediátricos / Clinical-study of cefaclor in severe bacterial dermatitis in pediatric patients with and without immunosupression

Se presenta en este estudio la evaluación clínica y bacteriológica del tratamiento oral con cefaclor de las dermatosis bacterianas severas en Pediatría. Se trataron infecciones graves o extendidas y asociadas a enfermedades y/o tratamientos inmunosupresores. Se incluyeron un total de 32 pacientes, 17 de los cuales presentaban inmunodeficiencias ya sea por tratamiento con corticoesteroides sistémicos (5) o por enfermedades concomitantes, como leucemia (2), enfermedad de Hodgkin (3), síndrome de Buckley (2) y varicela (5). Los 15 pacientes restantes presentaron enfermedades dermatológicas severas como síndrome estafilocóccico de la piel escaldada (SEPE) (6), celulitis (7) y piodermitis diseminada (2). La etiología bacteriana más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.), que se aisló en 21 pacientes (66 por ciento), seguida por la asociación S. a. con Streptococcus Beta Hemolítico Grupo A (SBHA) en 8 pacientes (25 por ciento). El tratamiento instituido con 40 mg/kg/día de cefaclor repartidos en dos tomas durante 7-14 días (según evolución) resultó efectivo, obteniéndose mejoría clínica a las 48-96 hs. en ambos grupos de pacientes. Uno solo de los pacientes inmunosuprimidos presentó falla terapéutica y ninguno de los restantes tuvieron recaídas dentro de los 28 días