Prevalence of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis among 7-12-Year-Old School Children in an Indian Subpopulation: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis among 7-12-year-old school children in Muradnagar, India. An additional objective was to determine the relationship between dental caries and fluorosis in the studied population. Material and Methods: A total of 1500 school children aged between 7 to 12 years, and both genders were randomly selected for the present study. The selected participants were divided into three groups based upon age, viz 7-8 year (group I), 9-10 year (group II) and 11-12 year (group III). Sterile mouth mirrors and explorers were used for the detection of caries. The water samples were collected to assess the fluoride concentration. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analysed using Chi-square, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and t-test wherever applicable. Results: Out of 1500 participants, 54.1% were females and 45.9% were males. The prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis was 89.3% and 93.7%, respectively. The prevalence of caries increased with age (p<0.05) and females showed a higher prevalence in both the dentitions. Most dental fluorosis was 'very mild' (40.1%). Prevalence of dental fluorosis increased with age and males showed more fluorosis than females. A negative relationship was found between dental caries and fluorosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries and fluorosis are the public health problems in Muradnagar; therefore, preventive programs should be organized to increase awareness among the general people.

Assessment of Maximum Bite Force in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Objective: To determine the maximum bite force (MBF) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients and to compare them with that of healthy subjects. Material and Methods: Twenty patients who were clinically confirmed, as OSMF and 20 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and number of intact functional teeth were included in this study. For each subject, age, gender, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The MBF registration was carried out by the two evaluators, who were previously calibrated. Bite force was measured in the first molar region using a force transducer occlusal force meter for each subject seated at the upright position, with Frankfort's plane nearly parallel to the floor, and no head support. The Student's independent t-test was used to determine the statistical significance in relation to mean height, weight, BMI and the presence of number of intact teeth and MBF between the healthy subjects and OSMF individuals. A comparison of grades of OSMF with all variables was carried out by one-way ANOVA test. Results: No significant difference was found in mean age, mean height, weight, BMI and the presence of the number of intact teeth between healthy individuals and OSMF patients. The mean MBF in healthy subjects was 628.23 ± 24.39 N and 635.47 ± 31.22 N in OSMF patients. Even though the healthy subjects reported a higher MBF than OSMF patients did, the difference was statistically non-significant. With regards to sides, no significant difference was observed in mean MBF in healthy subjects and OSMF patients on the right (p=0.7818) and left side (p=0.6154). Conclusion: The healthy subjects reported higher MBF values than OSMF patients did and the difference was statistically non-significant.

Estudo epidemiológico de biópsias realizadas em uma clínica odontológica universitária no período entre 2011 e 2018 / Epidemiological survey of biopsies performed in a dental school clinic in the period from 2011 to 2018

A grande quantidade de patologias com características clínicas semelhantes possibilita a coexistência de vários diagnósticos diferenciais frente a uma única lesão na mucosa bucal. Muitas vezes a realização de exames complementares, como a biópsia, torna-se mandatória para confirmação do diagnóstico sugestivo. Realizar levantamento dos laudos histopatológicos provenientes de biópsias executadas em uma clínica-escola odontológica no período entre 2011 e 2018. A partir dos prontuários odontológicos, as informações foram coletadas e tabuladas. Foram determinadas a frequência de cada lesão em relação ao total e ao seu próprio grupo de doenças e as características dos indivíduos. Um total de 106 diagnósticos de 105 pacientes (idade média 47,5 anos), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (68 indivíduos - 64,8%) e leucoderma (67 indivíduos - 63,8%), foram avaliados. Em relação aos grupos de doenças, o mais representativo foi o das neoplasias benignas epiteliais ou mesenquimais (35 casos - 33%), seguido pelo dos processos proliferativos não neoplásicos (30 casos - 28,3%). Quanto aos diagnósticos, foram observados 25 diferentes, nos quais se destacaram o fibroma (30 casos - 28,3%) e a hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (22 casos - 20,8%). Não foi constatada nenhuma patologia maligna. Traçar o perfil epidemiológico de certo grupo de indivíduos pode muitas vezes facilitar os diagnósticos, além de auxiliar na implementação de medidas de prevenção e na orientação dos assuntos a serem abordados nos cursos das instituições de ensino superior(AU)

A large number of pathologies with similar clinical features may allow coexistence of several differential diagnoses in a single lesion on the buccal mucosa. According to the clinical picture, complementary exams such as biopsy are often mandatory to confirm the suggestive diagnosis. To carry out a survey of histopathological diagnoses from biopsies performed in a dental school clinic in the period from 2011 to 2018. Information from dental records was gathered and tabulated. The frequency of each lesion was determined in relation to the total and its own group of diseases as well as the epidemiological characteristics of the individuals. A total of 106 diagnoses from 105 patients (mean age 47.5 years) were evaluated, being the majority of them female (68 individuals - 64.8%) and white (67 individuals - 63.8%). In relation to the groups of diseases, epithelial or mesenchymal benign neoplasms (35 cases - 33%) were the most representative, followed by nonneoplastic proliferative processes (30 cases - 28.3%). Regarding the diagnoses, 25 different ones were observed, in which fibroma (30 cases - 28.3%) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (22 cases - 20.8%) were more prevalent. No malignant pathology was found. To describe the epidemiological profile of a population can often facilitate diagnoses, besides assisting in the implementation of preventive measures and in the definition of graduate and post-graduate courses' scope(AU)

A Case of Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Tumor Arising in Masticator Space

Soft tissue myoepithelial tumors of the head and neck region are very rare, and only one case of soft tissue myoepithelial tumor occurring in the masticator space has been reported in the world literature. A case of soft tissue myoepithelial tumor with benign histomorphology, but with an invasive growth pattern, occurred in the masticator space of a 46-year- old male patient. Magnetic resonance imaging of paranasal sinus/nasopharynx revealed a well-defined, lobulated heterogeneous mass with high signal intensity and dense calcification in the masticator space between the left mandible ramus and pterygoid process. Grossly, the tumor was a well- circumscribed ovoid solid mass and consisted of yellowish gray glistening firm tissue. Histologically, the tumor showed a multinodular growth pattern and consisted of epithelioid cells in chondromyxoid stroma and of spindle-shaped to ovoid cells in the hyaline stroma. The tumor cells appeared bland, and no mitosis or necrosis was found within the tumor. The tumor focally invaded to adhered bone tissue. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, but negative for other epithelial markers. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained sparse microfilaments and subplasmalemmal densities. Attenuated desmosomes were commonly seen between the tumor cells.

Síndrome de RAPP Hodgkin: a propósito de un caso: Centro de Recuperación Nutricional "Dr. Pastor Oropeza". San Cristobal estado Táchira-Venezuela noviembre 2003 / Syndrome of RAPP Hodgkin: concerning a case Center of Nutritional Recovery

La displasia ectodérmica hereditaria (DEH), representa un grupo de disturbios caracterizados por aplasia o displasia de estructuras y tejidos derivados del ectoderma. Las estructuras generalmente afectadas incluyen el cabello, piel, uñas, dientes y diversas glándulas. Esta condición representa un disturbio raro y se estima su frecuencia de un caso a cada 10.000 ó 100,000 nacimientos. La detección de la DEH en recién nacidos y en los primeros años de la infancia puede ser tarea difícil, debido a pocos cabellos y pelos, así como la ausencia de dientes, son características muy comunes durante esos períodos. Después de los primeros años de vida el diagnóstico es realizado con mayor facilidad, basados en la historia clínica del paciente y el examen físico. Es importante resaltar que muchas circunstancias la DEH puede presentar características semejantes o hasta estar asociada a otros síndromes, tales como a ectocractilia-displasia ectodérmica (EEC), síndrome trico-rino-falangeral y Enfermedad de Robinson. El tratamiento de la DEH es exitoso cuando se establece el diagnóstico en el período adecuado o sea en la infancia. Un control multidisciplinario, instituido en los primeros años de vida del paciente, puede minimizar las posibles complicaciones odontológicas y médicas.

Manifestaçöes estomatológicas da Paracoccidioidomicose (Paracoccidioide Brasiliensis ou Enfermidade de Lutz-Splendore-Almeida): consideraçöes gerais e apresentaçäo de casos / Stomatological manifestations of the Paracoccidiodomycosis (Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis or Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease): general considerations and cases presentation

Foram estudados 45 pacientes provenientes do Serviço de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias e de Semiologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal do Paraná, que apresentavam manifestaçöes estomatológicas decorrentes da infecçäo fúngica causada pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, no período compreendido entre 1992 a 1994. Da amostragem estudada, 39 pacientes do sexo masculino (86,67 por cento) e 6 do sexo feminino (13,33 por cento), com média de idade de 51 ñ 10 anos (faixa de 34 - 75), destacando-se alguns aspectos: 26 pacientes (57,80 por cento) eram agricultores, 19 (42,22 por cento) eram oriundos do interior do Paraná, 22 pacientes (48,89 por cento) eram tabagistas, sendo encontradas lesöes de orofaringe em 42 pacientes (93,33 por cento), sendo o local mais comumente o palato, bem como comum o aparecimento de vários tipos de lesöes num mesmo paciente. Näo houve comprometimento de linfonodos em 34 pacientes (75,56 por cento); 30 pacientes (66,67 por cento) apresentavam doença periodontal; 7 (15,56 por cento) exibiam dentes em péssimo estado de conservaçäo, e 10 pacientes (22,22 por cento) tinham comprometimento ósseo. Lesöes sistêmicas estavam ausentes em 35 pacientes (77,80 por cento), uma vez que já havia sido iniciada a terapêutica em muitos pacientes, e a lesäo mais comumente encontrada foi a fibrose pulpomar. Vinte e nove (29) pacientes (64,45 por cento) foram submetidos a tratamento com Sulfametoxazol + trimetropin, tendo sido também utilizado o Ketoconazol e o Itracoanazol nos casos resistentes ao tratamento convencional padronizado. Quarenta e dois (42) pacientes (93,33 por cento) mostraram remissäo das lesöes estomatológicas. Dois (02) pacientes (4,44 por cento) foram a óbito. Além da observaçäo clínica foram realizadas biópsias para o exame microscópico, micológico e sorologia para PCM, para acompanhar a evoluçäo do tratamento e proservaçäo