ABSTRACT
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with both poor prognosis and high mortality. The disease has been related to a persistent and aberrant measles virus infection and no effective treatment has been available. We report a case of SSPE with atypical features including seizures at onset and a fulminant course in a 8 years-old boy who had been previously immunized against measles.
Panencefalite esclerosante subaguda (PES) é uma doença inflamatória e progressiva do sistema nervoso central com prognóstico reservado e alta mortalidade. A doença tem sido relacionada com a infecção persistente e anormal pelo vírus do sarampo e não há tratamento específico disponível. Relatamos um caso de PES com características atípicas representadas por início do quadro com crises convulsivas e apresentação fulminante em menino de 8 anos previamente imunizado contra o vírus do sarampo.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/diagnosis , Electroencephalography , Fatal Outcome , Measles virus , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/drug therapy , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/virology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
La panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda (PEES), o enfermedad de Van Boager, es una encefalopatía lentamente progresiva, originada por la infección persistente por una forma mutante del virus del sarampión, que ocasiona una desmielinización inflamatoria multifocal del sistema nervioso central. Es conocido que infecciones antes de los 2 años de edad aumentan el riesgo de padecer PEES, no demostrándose hasta la actualidad casos secundarios a vacunación. Presentar una revisión de cinco casos clínicos, que consultaron el Hospital de Niños "J.M de Los Ríos", en el periodo comprendido entre los años 1990-2005, con diagnóstico de PEES; en quienes se analiza la forma de presentación, manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos en los estudios serológicos, de imágenes y evolución. Todos los pacientes tuvieron antecedentes de infección por sarampión cuatro de ellos antes de los dos años de edad. La edad promedio de presentación fue de 7 años 3 meses, con una media para el período de latencia de 5,2 años. En relación a las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales, en todos hubo crisis epilépticas mioclónicas, en dos de ellos trastornos conductuales y en otros dos somnolencia. Los estudios electroencefalográficos mostraron un patrón periódico en todos los casos. Los t¡tulos de anticuerpos antisarampión positivos en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo confirmaron el diagnóstico en cuatro casos. La evolución fue fatal en un caso y desfavorable en los otros, con compromiso en áreas motoras, sensoriales y cognitivas. El tratamiento hasta los momentos sigue siendo preventivo, erradicando el sarampión y manteniendo un plan de vacunación.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), or disease of Boager Goes, is a slowly progressive encephalopathy originated by the persistent infection of a mutant form of the measles virus, which causes an inflammatory multifocal demielinization of the central nervous system. It is known that infections before 2 years of age increase the risk of SSPE. Cases following vaccination have not been demonstrated. To present a review of five children with SSPE attended at the Children's Hospital ¨J.M de Los Ríos" between 1990 and 2005. The initial presentation, clinical manifestations, serologic and imaging findings as well as the clinical outcome were analysed. All patients had a precedent measles infection, four of them before two years of age. The average age of presentation was 7 years 3 months, with an average for the period of latency of 5.2 years. In relation to the clinical initial manifestations, myoclonic events were common to all patients, two of them presented with cognitive deterioration and two with drowsiness. The EEG studies demonstrated a periodic boss in all cases. Anti measles antibodies titers in serum and spinal liquid confirmed the diagnosis in four cases. The outcome was fatal in one case and unfavourable in the others, whom presented motor, sensory and cognitive deterioration. Treatment at the present time continues to lie in preventive measures, supporting the plan of vaccination and aiming to the eradication of measles.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/diagnosis , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/drug therapy , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Measles virus/pathogenicity , Child Care , Brain Damage, Chronic/complicationsABSTRACT
La panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda postsarampión (PEES) es en la actualidad una entidad infrecuente en aquellos países donde existen programas regulares de vacunación contra el sarampión. Presentamos un caso, con evolución rápida a la muerte, en el cual fueron observados hallazgos característicos. Entre los más relevantes: títulos elevados de anticuerpos antisarampión en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), patrón periódico en el EEG, fenómenos de desmielinización progresiva en el scanner y resonancia nuclear magnética cerebral, asociados a la presencia constante de crisis mioclónicas. A pesar de una terapia continua con alfa-interferón intratecal, cimetidina en dosis inmunorreguladoras y con antiviral, se observó un deterioro progresivo del paciente. El estudio neuropatológico reveló compromiso a nivel de los centros semiovales de los hemisferios frontales, de predominio izquierdo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Measles/complications , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/etiology , Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/diagnosis , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is an infrequent central nervous system viral disease and is a late manifestation of persistent infection by a mutant form of measles virus. Since it affects mainly children and teenagers, the diagnosis in older ages is difficult. Its main clinical symptoms are cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbances and myoclonia. We report two males, aged 21 and 22 years old, presenting with the disease with atypical manifestations. One had a catatonic syndrome and the other, amaurosis. The recognition of the different presentation forms of the disease, endemic in developing countries, allows an earlier diagnosis and a more efficient treatment, when available
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/etiology , SSPE Virus/pathogenicity , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/diagnosis , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/drug therapy , SSPE Virus/drug effects , Inosine Pranobex/therapeutic use , Myoclonus/etiology , Myoclonus/drug therapy , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
O presente artigo faz uma revisäo bibliográfica atualizada sobre a PEESA, que é uma doença neurológica desmielinizante relacionada à persistência do vírus do sarampo no sistema nervoso central e associada à crises convulsivas de difícil controle. Säo abordados aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e diagnósticos. Säo também discutidos aspectos terapêuticos relacionados ao controle das crises convulsivas e prognóstico