Desfechos clínicos e funcionais de pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática em UTI / Clinical and functional outcomes of patients with aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the ICU

INTRODUCTION: Rehabilitation has recently been discussed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and functional outcomes of surviving and non-surviving patients with aneurysmal SAH in a neurosurgical ICU. METHODS: This is a retrospective documentary study. Medical records of patients with SAH admitted to the neurosurgical ICU of a teaching hospital between July 2014 and July 2019 were analyzed. Data were divided according to the outcomes into survivors group (SG) and non-survivors group (NG). RESULTS: 103 patients were analyzed, 72% female, mean age 55 years, 62% had high ICU outcome. The SG had significantly lower age, SAPS III score, Fisher and Hunt-Hess scales and time on mechanical ventilation (MV) than the NG, in addition, they had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), on admission and discharge from the ICU and length of hospital stay, significantly higher (p≤0.05) than NG. The SG showed significantly higher functionality (p≤0.05) than the NG on admission and a significant increase (p≤0.05) in functionality between admission and discharge from the ICU. CONCLUSION: Surviving patients with aneurysmal SAH had lower age, SAPS III score, neurological scales and time on MV, higher GCS scores at ICU admission and discharge, and longer hospital stay than non-survivors. Surviving patients had better functionality than non-survivors on admission, and, evolved with functional improvement from admission to discharge from the ICU.

INTRODUÇÃO: Recentemente tem sido discutido quanto à reabilitação em pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea (HSA) causada pelo rompimento de um aneurisma. OBJETIVO: Comparar desfechos clínicos e funcionais de pacientes com HSA aneurismática, sobreviventes e não sobreviventes em uma UTI neurocirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo documental retrospectivo. Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes com HSA internados na UTI neurocirúrgica de um hospital escola, entre julho de 2014 e julho de 2019. Os dados foram divididos de acordo com os desfechos em grupo sobreviventes (GS) e grupo não sobreviventes (GN). RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 103 pacientes, 72% do sexo feminino, idade média de 55 anos, 62% apresentaram alta da UTI como desfecho. O GS apresentou idade, escore SAPS III, escalas de Fisher e Hunt-Hess e tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM) significativamente menores (p≤0,05) que o GN, além disso, apresentaram escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG), na admissão e na alta da UTI e tempo de internação hospitalar, significativamente maiores (p≤0,05) que o GN. O GS apresentou funcionalidade significativamente maior (p≤0,05) que o GN na admissão e incremento significativo (p≤0,05) da funcionalidade entre a admissão e alta da UTI. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com HSA aneurismática sobreviventes apresentaram menores idades, escore SAPS III, escalas neurológicas e tempo de VM, maiores escores de ECG, na admissão e na alta da UTI e maior tempo de internação hospitalar que os não sobreviventes. Os pacientes sobreviventes apresentaram melhor funcionalidade que os não sobreviventes na admissão, e, evoluíram com melhora funcional da admissão até a alta da UTI.

Abulia: the pathology of "will" and dopaminergic dysfunction in brain-injured patients

The present paper describes a series of single-case evaluations of the effects of bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 post-synaptic receptor agonist, in 13 patients with clinical features of abulia. An open trial in seven males and six females who had either traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage between two months and five years previously. After repeated baseline assessments, bromocriptine was administered in gradually increasing doses. Assessments were repeated at increasing doses, during maintenance, and after withdrawal. Some newly developed structured instruments for quantifying motivation were used; measures of anxiety and depression, and cognitive tests sensitive to motivation were also administered. Following bromocriptine treatment improved on all scores measured other than mood. Improvement was maintained after bromocriptine withdrawal in nine of the patients. Abulia in patients with brain injury may result from dysfunction in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry, giving rise to associated deficiencies in reward responsiveness and cognitive function. New rating scales are proposed of motivation in brain injured patients

Hemorragia Subaracnoidea Producida por la Ruptura de los Aneurismas Cerebrales / Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Rupture of Cerebrals Aneurysms

La hemorragia subaracnoidea producida por la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral es una entidad relativamente frecuente que afecta a una población activa y es capaz de generar altos grados de incapacidad y mortalidad. Se debe resaltar la importancia que el diagnóstico precoz tiene sobre el pronóstico. Los dos principales problemas que generan las mayores complicaciones son el resangrado y el vasoespasmo arterial. Un adecuado entendimiento de la fisiología es vital para obtener los mejores resultados terapéuticos, evitando aumentar la morbi-mortalidad que ya posee por si sola esta entidad