Knowledge and practice of Brazilian pediatricians on gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants / Conhecimento e prática de pediatras brasileiros sobre a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico em lactentes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and practice of pediatricians about infants with physiological reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: 140 pediatricians were interviewed during two scientific events in 2009 and 2010. The questions referred to two clinical cases of infants. One with symptoms of infant regurgitation (physiological reflux) and another with gastroesophageal reflux disease. RESULTS: Among 140 pediatricians, 11.4% (n=16) and 62.1% (n=87) would require investigation tests, respectively for infant regurgitation (physiological reflux) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. A series of upper gastrointestinal exams would be the first requested with a higher frequency. Medication would be prescribed by 18.6% (n=6) in the case of physiological reflux and 87.1% (n=122) in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Prokinetic drugs would be prescribed more frequently than gastric acid secretion inhibitors. Sleeping position would be recommended by 94.2% (n=132) and 92.9% (n=130) of the respondents, respectively for the case of physiological reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, about half of the respondents would recommend the prone position. Only 10 (7.1%) of the pediatricians would exclude the cow's milk protein from the infants' diet. CONCLUSIONS: Approaches different from the international guidelines are often considered appropriate, especially when recommending a different position other than the supine and prescription of medication. In turn, the interviews enable us to infer the right capacity of the pediatricians to distinguish physiologic reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease correctly. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento e a prática de pediatras brasileiros na assistência ao lactente com refluxo fisiológico e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados 140 médicos pediatras em dois eventos científicos em 2009 e 2010. As perguntas referiam-se a dois casos clínicos de lactentes, um com quadro compatível com regurgitação do lactente (refluxo fisiológico) e outro com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. RESULTADOS: Dos 140 participantes, 11,4% (n=16) e 62,1% (n=87) solicitariam exame para lactentes, respectivamente, com refluxo fisiológico e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. O primeiro exame solicitado com maior frequência seria a radiografia contrastada de esôfago, estômago e duodeno. Medicação seria prescrita por 18,6% (n=26) para o caso de refluxo fisiológico e 87,1% (n=122) para o caso de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Procinéticos seriam prescritos com maior frequência do que os redutores da secreção ácida gástrica. Prescrição de posição para dormir fez parte das recomendações de 94,2% (n=132) e 92,9% (n=130) dos entrevistados, respectivamente, para os casos de refluxo fisiológico e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Entretanto, cerca da metade dos entrevistados não recomendaria o decúbito dorsal. Prescrição de dieta de exclusão do leite de vaca para um lactente com quadro de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico seria feita por apenas 10 (7,1%) dos participantes. CONCLUSÕES: Condutas diferentes das diretrizes internacionais são frequentemente consideradas adequadas, especialmente quanto à recomendação de posição diferente do decúbito dorsal e prescrição de medicamentos. As respostas permitem inferir a capacidade de correta diferenciação entre refluxo fisiológico e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. .

Synthesis and screening of some new fluorinated quinazolinone-sulphonamide hybrids as anticancer agents

The aim of the present research was to synthesise several novel fluorinated quinazoline-sulphonamide derivatives and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxic activity. Eight compounds were synthesised. The compounds' anticancer activities were determined through the [3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] [MTT] assay using a three-cell-line panel consisting of National Cancer Institute [NCI] lung cancer cells, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7] breast cancer cells, and Human Embryonic Kidney-293 [HEK-293] normal kidney cell. The values of C log P correlations were determined to interpret the results. One compound exhibited significant anticancer activity with low toxicity compared with the methotrexate as the reference drug. The biological screening showed good to moderate anticancer activity for the title compounds compared with the reference drug. The reference drug exhibited an IC[50] value of 2.4 micro M, whereas compound 9, which was identified as the most active compound, exhibited an IC[50] value of 2.51 micro M on the NCI cell line. The other compounds showed IC[50] values that ranged from 2.89 to 46.34 micro M on the three cell lines. The newly synthesized compounds had lower toxicity on the normal cell line than did methotrexate. The newly synthesized compounds may provide a valuable template for future design and optimization to produce analogues that act as more active anticancer agents

Syntehsis of novel biphenyl bis-sulfonamide based surfactants of expected biological activity

This study explores the effect of structural changes of novel sulfonamide based-surfactants on surfactant behavior and antimicrobial activity. In order to better meet this as our primary goal, three different series, biphenyl-4,4'-disculfonamides [Series A,A[1-4]], amine acid salts of bis [2-aminophenyl] biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonamide [Series C,C[1-2]] were prepared. The structures of the desired compounds wee confirmed by using elemental analysis, Fourier translform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], proton nuclear magnetic resonance [[1]H NMR] and UV-Vis spectral analysis. In addition to these spectroscopic measurements, compounds C[1] and C[2] [Series C] were subsequently characterized extensively by atomic absorption methods. Also as our secondary goal, we have measured surface properties as follows: surface tension [gamma], critical micelle concentration [cmc], the surface excess concentration [T [max]] and the cross-sectional area per adsorbed surfactant head group [A[min]]. The investigation was continued to cover the antibacterial and antifungal screening for all synthesized compounds. In addition, some selected compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against human turnor cell lines - MCF7 [breast carcinoma]m HEPG2 [liver carcinoma] and HCT116 [colon carcinoma]

Rational design, synthesis and computational structure-activity relationship of novel 3-[4-chlorophenyl]-5-[3-hydroxy-4-ethoxyphenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide

Densely functionalized 3-[4-chlorophenyl]-5-[3-hydroxy-4-etoxyphenyl]-4, 5-dihydro-1H- pyrazole-1- carboxamide was synthesized in an expedient manner through specification and transamidation respectively, of ester-functionalized pyrazoles. This synthetic protocol allowed for three diversifying steps in which appendages on the pyrazole scaffold were adjusted to optimize inhibition of protein kinases. Computational design and study of novel 3-[4- chlorophenyl]-5-[3hydroxy-4-etoxyphenyl]-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide is reported. This computational prediction analysis will improve the understanding of candidate drugs and help in identifying its properties and effects on the human body. Simulation analysis of candidate drugs is necessary for providing clues about regulatory mechanisms, biochemical pathways and broader drug functions

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of certain 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives

Several N-substituted 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamides have been synthesized and in vitro tested for antimicrobial activity

Derivados azoicos da oxina com sulfas potencialmente antimalaricas / Oxine azoic derivatives with potentially antimalarial sulfonamides

Com o objetivo de obter farmacos potencialmente antimalaricos prepararam-se, pelo processo de hibridacao molecular, cinco compostos mediante reacao do sal de diazonio e sulfas antimalaricas - sulfadiazina, sulfadoxina, sulfametoxipiridazina, sulfametoxazol e sulfamonometoxina - com a oxina (8-hidroxiquinolina). Submetidos a analises espectrometricas - IV, UV, RMP -, os derivados apresentaram caracteristicas das estruturas propostas

Latenciacao de quimioterapicos-sintese de acriloilderivados de antimalaricos / Drug latentiation: synthesis of acriloylderivatives of antimalarial agents

Com o objetivo de se obter, atraves do metodo da latenciacao, pro-farmacos de acao antimalarica prolongada e menor toxicidade, foram sintetizados derivados acriloilicos da dapsona e das seguintes sulfas antimalaricas: sulfadiazina, sulfadimetoxina, sulfadoxina, sulfametoxazol, sulfametoxidiazina, sulfametoxipiridazina, sulfamonometoxina e sulfisoxazol. Os compostos assim obtidos foram submetidos as analises classicas, espectrofotometricas e de ressonancia magnetica protonica