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1.
In. Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos; Leal, Tatiana de Carvalho Andreucci Torres; Oliveira Junior, Múcio Tavares de; Kalil Filho, Roberto. Manual da condutas da emergência do InCor: cardiopneumologia / IInCor Emergency Conduct Manual: Cardiopneumology. São Paulo, Manole, 2ª revisada e atualizada; 2017. p.717-725.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848517
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(2): 120-122, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744298

ABSTRACT

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower extremities. Kjellin’s syndrome is a rare syndrome associated with HSP. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of bilateral retinal flecks, similar to the findings in Stargardt disease and fundus flavimaculatus. We report the case of a 34-year-old male who presented with complete features of Kjellin’s syndrome, with typical retinal findings observed on multimodal imaging (spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT], near-infrared reflectance and autofluorescence imaging). The ophthalmological changes at early stages of the disease may not impair visual acuity. Therefore, the detection of central retinal degeneration requires thorough fundus examination.


A paralisia espástica hereditária (HSP) é caracterizada por fraqueza e espasticidade das extremidades inferiores. A síndrome de Kjellin é uma rara associação de HSP com a presença de flecks retinianos similares aos encontrados em pacientes com doença de Stargardt ou fundus flavimaculatus. Descrevemos os achados em imagens multimodais da retina (tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral [SD-OCT], reflectância próxima ao infravermelho e autofluorescência) em um paciente de 34 anos que apresenta conjunto completo de sinais e sintomas da síndrome de Kjellin. As alterações retinianas em estágios iniciais da doença podem aparecer, mesmo sem redução da acuidade visual, e por isso, para detecção da degeneração central da retina, é necessário exame minucioso do fundo de olho.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/economics , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/economics , Mupirocin/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Administration, Intranasal , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Decision Support Techniques , Decision Trees , Health Care Costs , Infection Control/economics , Infection Control/methods , Mupirocin/economics , Preoperative Care , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/economics , Surgical Wound Infection/economics , United States
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(2): 79-82, Mar.-Apr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482219

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Describe implementation of a successful program to reduce doses (cefazolin 2 to 1 g) used for antimicrobial prophylaxis. METHODS: Evaluation of an intervention program to reduce prophylactic antimicrobial doses. The intervention included weekly staff discussions, automatic dispensation of 1g-vial of cefazolin by the pharmacy unless expressly requested by surgeon and increase in post-discharge surveillance as a strategy to reassure surgeons of the safety of the reduction. In the pre and post intervention periods, a prospective study of antimicrobial consumption and surgical site infections were measured. RESULTS: There were 5,164 and 5,204 deliveries in 2001-2002 and 2003-2004, respectively; 1,524 (29.5 percent) and 1,363 (26 percent) were cesarean sections. There was a 45 percent decrease in cefazolin vials used on average per cesarean section (2.29 to 1.25). Patients evaluated increased from 16 percent to 67 percent and the SSI rates in both periods were 3.34 percent to 2.42 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: An ample intervention, including administrative and educational measures, led to high compliance with dose reduction and saved more than US$4,000 in cefazolin, considered important because government reimbursement in Brazil for cesarean section is $80.


OBJETIVO: descrever a implantação de um programa de redução de doses usadas para profilaxia antimicrobiana em cesárea. MÉTODOS: Descrição a implantação de um programa de redução de profilaxia com cefazolina de 2 g para 1 g através de discussões semanais com profissionais, dispensação automática de frascos de 1 g de cefazolina pela farmácia exceto quando feito pedido expresso pelo cirurgião. Houve um trabalho para aumentar a vigilância pós alta, com o objetivo de tranquilizar os cirurgiões quanto à segurança da nova dose. Foi realizada uma avaliação prospectiva, antes e depois da implantação do programa, do consumo de cefazolina e das taxas de infecção obtidas por vigilância durante a hospitalização e após a alta. RESULTADOS: Houve 5.164 e 5.204 partos em 2001-2 e 2003-4, respectivamente, sendo que 1.524 (29,5 por cento) e 1.363 (26 por cento) foram cesáreas. Houve uma queda de consumo de frascos de cefazolina de 45 por cento (2,29 para 1,25 por cesárea). O número de pacientes avaliados para infecção hospitalar aumentou de 16 por cento para 67 por cento, e as taxas de infecção foram 3,34 por cento e 2,42 por cento, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Uma intervenção ampla, que incluiu medidas administrativas e educacionais, levou a uma alta adesão ao programa de redução de dose profilática em cesárea e permitiu uma economia acima de US$ 4.000 apenas considerando custos com cefazolina. Esta pode ser considerada importante especialmente porque o reembolso do SUS para parto cesárea é aproximadamente US$ 80.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Cesarean Section , Cefazolin/administration & dosage , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/economics , Cefazolin/economics , Cesarean Section/economics , Program Evaluation , Prospective Studies , Surgical Wound Infection/economics
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-43826

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of prophylactic antibiotics usage in uncomplicated gynecologic abdominal surgery in Siriraj Hospital, before and after guideline implementation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred and fifty-eight women who underwent elective gynecologic surgery for a benign condition were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups, before and after guideline implementation (control and study group). Medical records of these women were reviewed to determine the rate of prophylactic antibiotics usage, rate of postoperative infection, and antibiotics cost. RESULTS: The most common prophylactic antibiotics used were Cefazolin (41.9%), Cefoxitin (36.4%), and Augmentin (9.7%). Rate of single dose of cefazolin usage were not significantly different between the two groups (10.1% and 12.4% respectively, p = 0.482). However, the rate of postoperative oral antibiotic usage was significantly decreased (31.8% and 14.7% respectively, p = 0.001). The reduction of oral antibiotic usage was significant among staff only. The rate of postoperative infection between control and study groups, as well as between single and other antibiotic prophylaxis were similar. Had a single dose of cefazolin been administered to all patients, the antibiotics cost would have been reduced by 102,012 Baht or 91.8%. CONCLUSION: Rate of a single dose of cefazolin usage as antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery was similar to before guideline implementation. However, postoperative oral antibiotics usage decreased significantly, especially among the staff.


Subject(s)
Adult , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/economics , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , Cefoxitin/therapeutic use , Drug Utilization Review , Female , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures , Hospital Costs , Humans , Elective Surgical Procedures , Surgical Wound Infection/economics , Thailand/epidemiology
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(4): 285-290, 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387928

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los resultados de 34 estudios de costos de infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH) realizados en infección urinaria (ITU), herida operatoria (IHO), endometritis (END), neumonía (NEU), infecciones del torrente sanguíneo (ITS) y herida operatoria cesárea (IHOC), realizados en 24 hospitales de alta y mediana complejidad, tanto públicos como privados del país, utilizando la metodología propuesta por la OPS, en los que se compararon pacientes con IIH con otros pacientes sin IIH de igual sexo, grupo etario, patología y servicio clínico, en hospitales. Se calculó la estadía hospitalaria y la utilización de antimicrobianos en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: todos los estudios mostraron aumento de la estadía y de la utilización de antimicrobianos en los pacientes con IIH en rangos de entre 2 y 4 veces. Las IHO e ITS aumentan más la estadía que otras IIH. Las IHO y NEU aumentan más el uso de antimicrobianos que otras IIH. No hay grandes diferencias en los resultados por tipo de hospital. La mayor diferencia se observó en IHO, probablemente por los distintos tipos de cirugías estudiadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , Hospital Costs , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cesarean Section/economics , Endometritis/economics , Hematologic Diseases/economics , Surgical Wound Infection/economics , Urinary Tract Infections/economics , Pneumonia/economics
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