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1.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(3): 226-233, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415369

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O aumento progressivo de medidas avançadas para manutenção da vida em pacientes com pouca expectativa de sobrevida gera percepção de cuidado desproporcional. Objetivamos averiguar a prevalência de cuidado desproporcional em equipe médica e enfermagem que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) em um hospital público do Brasil.Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo equipe médica e enfermagem em uma UTI multidisciplinar de 34 leitos de um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil de janeiro a julho de 2019. Ao total 151 profissionais responderam a um questionário eletrônico anônimo.Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 49,5%. Cento e dezoito (78,1%) profissionais identificaram cuidado desproporcional no ambiente de trabalho. Enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem receberam menos treinamento formal em comunicação de fim de vida do que médicos (10,6% versus 57,6%, p < 0,001). Vinte e nove (28,1%) enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem e 4 (0,08%) médicos responderam que não havia discussão sobre terminalidade na UTI (p = 0,006). Quarenta e três (89,5%) médicos afirmaram que havia colaboração entre equipe médica e equipe de enfermagem, ao passo que 58 (56,3%) enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem discordaram da assertiva (p < 0,001).Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo sobre percepção de cuidado desproporcional conduzido na América Latina, envolvendo residentes e técnicos de enfermagem e um centro de alta complexidade do sistema público de saúde. A vasta maioria dos profissionais percebe a existência de cuidado desproporcional em sua prática diária, independentemente da classe profissional.


Introduction: The increased use of life-sustaining measures in patients with poor long- and middle-term expected survival concerns health care providers regarding disproportionate care. The objective of this study was to report the prevalence of perceived inappropriate care among intensive care unit (ICU) staff physicians, training physicians, nurses, and practical nurses in a Brazilian public hospital.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with the medical and nursing team of a 34-bed multidisciplinary ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital in Southern Brazil from January to July 2019. A total of 151 professionals completed an anonymous electronic survey. Results: The response rate was 49.5%. One hundred and eighteen (78.1%) respondents reported disproportionate care in the work environment. Nurses and practical nurses were less likely to receive formal training on end-of-life communication compared to physicians (10.6% vs. 57.6%, p < 0.001). Twenty-nine (28.1%) nurses and practical nurses vs. 4 (0.08%) physicians claimed that there were no palliative care deliberations in the ICU (p = 0.006). Of 48 senior and junior physicians, 43 (89.5%) believed that collaboration between physicians and nurses was good, whereas 58 out of 103 (56.3%) nurses and practical nurses disagreed (p < 0.001).Conclusion: This is the first survey on the perception of inappropriate care conducted in Latin America. The study included junior physicians and practical nurses working in a high-complexity medical center associated with the Brazilian public health system. Most health care providers perceived disproportionate care in their daily practice, regardless of their professional class.


Subject(s)
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Medical Overuse/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/organization & administration , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Physicians/psychology , Terminal Care/statistics & numerical data , Licensed Practical Nurses/psychology , Nurses/psychology
2.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(3): 308-316, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977968

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da implantação de um programa de cuidados paliativos no estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar e na utilização da unidade de terapia intensiva em hospitalizações terminais. Método: Os dados de todos os pacientes que faleceram em um hospital terciário brasileiro, entre maio de 2014 e setembro de 2016, foram coletados de forma retrospectiva. Analisamos a frequência do estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar e de admissões à unidade de terapia intensiva entre os casos de óbito hospitalar. Utilizou-se análise de séries temporais interrompidas para avaliar as diferenças, em termos de tendências de estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar e de admissões à unidade de terapia intensiva antes (15 meses) e após (12 meses) a implantação do programa de cuidados paliativos. Resultados: Analisamos um total de 48.372 admissões ao hospital, dentre as quais 1.071 óbitos no hospital. Os óbitos foram precedidos de ordens de não reanimar em 276 (25,8%) casos e ocorreram admissões à unidade de terapia intensiva em 814 (76%) casos. O estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar aumentou de 125 (20,4%) para 151 (33%) casos, na comparação entre os períodos antes e após a implantação do programa de cuidados paliativos (p < 0,001). Ocorreram admissões à unidade de terapia intensiva em 469 (76,5%) e 345 (75,3%) dos casos, respectivamente, nos períodos pré e após a implantação do programa de cuidados paliativos (p = 0,654). A análise de séries temporais confirmou tendência ao aumento do estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar de 0,5% por mês antes da implantação para 2,9% ao mês após a implantação (p < 0,001), demonstrando-se tendência à diminuição de utilização da unidade de terapia intensiva, de uma tendência a aumento de 0,6% ao mês, antes da implantação do programa, para diminuição de -0,9% ao mês no período, após a implantação (p = 0,001). Conclusão: A implantação de um programa de cuidados paliativos se associou com tendência ao aumento no estabelecimento de ordens de não reanimar e à diminuição do uso da unidade de terapia intensiva durante hospitalizações terminais.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of the implementation of a palliative care program on do-not-resuscitate orders and intensive care unit utilization during terminal hospitalizations. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected for all patients who died in a tertiary hospital in Brazil from May 2014 to September 2016. We analyzed the frequency of do-not-resuscitate orders and intensive care unit admissions among in-hospital deaths. Interrupted time series analyses were used to evaluate differences in trends of do-not-resuscitate orders and intensive care unit admissions before (17 months) and after (12 months) the implementation of a palliative care program. Results: We analyzed 48,372 hospital admissions and 1,071 in-hospital deaths. Deaths were preceded by do-not-resuscitate orders in 276 (25.8%) cases and admissions to the intensive care unit occurred in 814 (76%) cases. Do-not-resuscitate orders increased from 125 (20.4%) to 151 (33%) cases in the pre-implementation and post-implementation periods, respectively (p < 0.001). Intensive care unit admissions occurred in 469 (76.5%) and 345 (75.3%) cases in the pre-implementation and post-implementation periods, respectively (p = 0.654). Interrupted time series analyses confirmed a trend of increased do-not-resuscitate order registrations, from an increase of 0.5% per month pre-implementation to an increase of 2.9% per month post-implementation (p < 0.001), and demonstrated a trend of decreased intensive care unit utilization, from an increase of 0.6% per month pre-implementation to a decrease of -0.9% per month in the post-implementation period (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a palliative care program was associated with a trend of increased registration of do-not-resuscitate orders and a trend of decreased intensive care unit utilization during terminal hospitalizations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Resuscitation Orders , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Time Factors , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Middle Aged
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 317-324, Mar.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792999

ABSTRACT

Abstract Under the national plan for addressing cancer, prevention and detection play important roles. However, the cost of treatments and late diagnosis represent a significant burden on health services. At the National Cancer Institute, more than half of patients present with tumors in advanced stages, and approximately 10% of patients seen for the first time exhibit terminal-stage malignancies, where there are no feasible cancer treatment options, and the patients are instead admitted to the hospital exclusively for palliative symptomatic management. In 2010, the National Cancer Plan began implementing a model of integrative management of palliative care in oncology that has gradually come to include symptomatic palliative care, involving ambulatory, distant and hospitalized management of patients with cancer, in its final stages and, more recently, in earlier stages.


Resumen En el marco del plan nacional para abordar el cáncer, la prevención y la detección juegan un papel importante. Sin embargo, el costo de tratamientos y diagnóstico tardío representan una carga significativa en los servicios de salud. En el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan tumores en etapas avanzadas, y aproximadamente10% de los pacientes que acuden a consulta por primera vez presentan malignidades en etapa terminal, donde no hay opciones factibles para de tratamiento del cáncer; en su lugar, los pacientes son admitidos en el hospital exclusivamente para manejo sintomático paliativo. En 2010, el Plan Nacional del Cáncer comenzó a implementar un modelo de gestión integral de los cuidados paliativos en oncología que ha logrado gradualmente incluir cuidados sintomáticos paliativos, incluyendo manejo ambulatorio, distante y hospitalizado de los pacientes con cáncer en fase final y, más recientemente, en las primeras fases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Cancer Care Facilities/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Medical Oncology/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Delayed Diagnosis , Pain Management , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Mexico , Models, Theoretical , Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasms/epidemiology
4.
Salud colect ; 9(1): 41-52, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677065

ABSTRACT

La prevención y el alivio del dolor por cáncer, definidos en las últimas décadas como un desafío para la salud pública a nivel internacional, han sido planteados recientemente en los debates públicos como una cuestión de derechos humanos. Pese a ello, existen importantes barreras para la provisión de tratamientos adecuados. El artículo analiza el tratamiento del dolor por cáncer en un servicio de cuidados paliativos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, poniendo el foco en la forma en que profesionales y pacientes instrumentan y negocian los términos y la adherencia al tratamiento del dolor. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo, que triangula datos de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones etnográficas, el artículo describe la forma en que el dolor es objetivado y medido, y las estrategias de los profesionales para consensuar los protocolos de tratamiento. Asimismo, se describe el modo en que los profesionales construyen en la práctica una retórica del derecho al alivio del dolor y se discuten sus límites.


Cancer pain relief has been defined as a worldwide public health challenge in the last decades and has recently been included in public debates as a human rights issue. However, barriers to the provision of adequate pain management continue to exist. This article analyzes the cancer pain treatment provided in a palliative care setting in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, focusing on how professionals and patients implement and negotiate the terms and adherence to the pain treatment. Based on a qualitative approach that triangulates data from semi-structured interviews and from ethnographic observations, the article addresses the way pain is measured and assessed and the strategies of health professionals in establishing pain treatment protocols. The article also describes the rhetoric regarding the right to pain relief developed by health professionals through their practice and discusses the limitations of that rhetoric.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/complications , Pain Management/methods , Palliative Care/methods , Terminal Care/methods , Argentina , Clinical Protocols , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, Urban , Interviews as Topic , Neoplasms/psychology , Pain Measurement , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Patient Compliance , Patient Rights , Qualitative Research , Terminal Care/organization & administration
5.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 30(3)jul.-set. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: lil-670566

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Identificar o enfrentamento do paciente oncológico e do familiar/cuidador frente à terminalidade de vida. Método - Os dados foram coletados na unidade de cuidados paliativos do Hospital Amaral Carvalho de Jaú-SP, em setembro e outubro de 2011. Aplicou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada gravada para seis pacientes e uma entrevista estruturada gravada para dez familiares/cuidadores, totalizando uma amostra de 16 indivíduos adultos. Resultados - Apesar das evidências do comprometimento de sua saúde, os pacientes apresentaram enfrentamento defensivo para expressarem seus sentimentos, com expectativas não realistas em relação a si mesmo e falta de resiliência. Essas adversidades são compartilhadas pelos familiares, que demonstraram um enfrentamento comprometido devido ao estresse dos cuidados, ao medo do câncer e da morte. Conclusão - O câncer ainda é uma doença estigmatizada e a certeza da morte no seio familiar afeta toda sua estrutura, gerando sofrimento. Assim, paciente e família devem ser considerados como uma unidade de cuidado e necessitam de assistência qualificada da equipe de cuidados paliativos.


Objective - To identify the confrontation of cancer patients and their families/caregivers facing life terminality. Method - Data were collected in a palliative care at Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jaú-SP unit between September and October 2011. We applied a semi-structured interview recorded for six patients and a structured interview recorded for ten family members/caregivers, a total sample of 16 adults. Results - Despite evidence of impairment of their health, patients experienced defensive confrontation to express their feelings, with unrealistic expectations about oneself and lack of resilience. These hardships are shared by family members who demonstrated a confrontation compromised due to the stress of care, fear of cancer and death. Conclusion - The cancer is still a stigmatized disease and the certainty of death in the family affects the whole structure, generating suffering. Thus, patient and family should be considered as a unit of care and need assistance of qualified palliative care team.


Subject(s)
Humans , Terminal Care/statistics & numerical data , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Terminal Care , Palliative Care/statistics & numerical data , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Palliative Care , Oncology Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Oncology Nursing/instrumentation , Oncology Nursing , Death
6.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(9): 2072-2080, set. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-458293

ABSTRACT

Os cuidados paliativos, um modelo de assistência no fim da vida, estão em expansão em nosso país. Este artigo enfatiza a necessidade da incorporação dos cuidados paliativos na rede de atenção básica, a qual pode desempenhar um papel relevante nos cuidados no fim da vida, especialmente em áreas onde não há centros de referência em cuidados paliativos. Para tanto, descrevem-se alguns aspectos relevantes para a organização desse tipo de assistência e analisa-se de que modo os cuidados paliativos poderiam e deveriam ser integrados à rede brasileira de atenção básica. Nesse sentido, descrevem-se algumas situações desafiadoras às ações da equipe de atenção básica na provisão desses cuidados, aspectos relacionados ao cuidador familiar, alguns conflitos de natureza ética inerentes a esta atividade e relativos à alocação dos recursos humanos disponíveis.


Palliative care, a model in end-of-life care, is currently undergoing expansion in Brazil. This article emphasizes the need to implement palliative care in primary health care, with an important role in end-of-life care, especially in areas without specialized palliative-care teams. The article discusses key aspects in the organization of this treatment modality and analyzes how palliative care could and should be implemented within primary health care in Brazil. The article describes several challenges for health teams to provide such care, related to the primary caregiver, inherent ethical conflicts, and human resource allocation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Brazil , Clinical Competence , Education, Continuing , Family Practice , Family Relations , Home Care Services/organization & administration , Program Development , Quality of Life , Terminal Care/organization & administration
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(10): 1288-1294, oct. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439920

ABSTRACT

Background: The implementation of the AUGE plan for renal failure in Chile in August 2002, generated larger waiting list for outpatient care. Aim: To analyze the incidence of terminal renal failure, the proportion of patients that were admitted to hemodialysis using a definitive vascular access and the lapse of use of transitory catheters, before and after the implementation of AUGE in Calama. Material and Mehtods: Since 1999, in a dialysis center of Calama, all new patients that are admitted to hemodialysis and the type of vascular access they have are registered. Using this registry, the incidence of terminal renal failure and the lapse between the admission to the center and the installation of a definitive vascular access were calculated for the period 2000 to 2005. Results: From January 2000 to December 2003, the incidence of terminal renal failure was stable in 190 ± 21 patients per million inhabitants (ppmh). It decreased between January and September 2004 to 124 ± 18.6. Afterwards, it progressively increased to 221 ± 21 ppmh. In the study period, the proportion of patients admitted to hemodialysis with a definitive access decreased from 63 to 10 percent (p<0.01) and the mean lapse of transitory catheter use, increased from 32.9 ± 42.6 to 73.1 ± 80.4 days (p<0.01). Conclusions: The implementation of AUGE for chronic renal failure reduced the quality of care of patients admitted to hemodialysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Plan Implementation/standards , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Renal Dialysis , Terminal Care/standards , Analysis of Variance , Catheters, Indwelling/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Health Plan Implementation/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Patient Admission , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Time Factors , Waiting Lists
9.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 8-20, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-81830

ABSTRACT

As the Korean government's recognition of the importance of hospice service grows, the government has initiated a variety of hospice services in Korea. Each hospice organization has shown a significant difference in its health care delivery methods, constitution and care content. Developing a clinical protocol is essential for establishing standardized hospice services. A preliminary protocol was drawn up by examining the records of terminal patients (n=541) in a home hospice organization while elucidating the health problems as well as classifying them through the Home Health Care Classification (HHCC), and by reviewing the relevant nursing interventions and medical treatments in the literature concerning the clinical protocols. Korea's leading hospice specialty groups participated in four rounds of content validity verification processes in order to establish a protocol. A guideline was developed through a team approach, integrating the opinions of doctors, nurses, ministers, volunteers, patients' families, nutritionists and pharmacists. Eighteen health problems and a total of 223 interventions (173 major treatments and nursing interventions, and 50 optional interventions) were included in the final clinical protocol. This study is expected to contribute to the overall qualitative improvement of home hospice care and the subsequent shortening of documentation time. Evaluation tools and a regulatory feedback system need to be developed in order to maintain consistent evaluation procedures based on the continuous promotion and use of the protocol.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Clinical Protocols/standards , Home Care Services/organization & administration , Hospice Care/organization & administration , Korea , Program Development , Terminal Care/organization & administration
10.
Temas enferm. actual ; 6(27): 28-30, jun. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216205

ABSTRACT

Los autores analizan desde la Psicología Institucional el dilema ético de qué hacer frente a una cura incierta y a los procedimientos riesgosos, dolorosos, costosos. Destacan la necesidad de crear espacios para la reflexión ética entre el personal de enfermería y la elaboración de la carga emocional derivada de la atención a pacientes graves terminales


Subject(s)
Humans , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Attitude to Death , Quality of Life/psychology , Terminal Care/standards , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminally Ill/psychology , Ethics, Nursing/education
11.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 131(3): 329-34, mayo-jun. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174060

ABSTRACT

El movimiento de grupos de apoyo en enfermedades terminales o crónicas, surgió a partir de la necesidad que sienten los familiares de reunirse con el fin de compartir experiencias afines y manejar dentro de un ambiente de comprensión, la desesperanza asociada a diagnósticos adversos, así como de establecer redes comunitarias de apoyo. Estos grupos no fueron creados con el propósito de explorar aspectos psicodinámicos de la conducta o promover cambios significativos en la personalidad, ya que esto compete al terreno de las piscoterapias grupales. Su labor cada vez mejor organizada, es brindar apoyo y ofrecer información adecuada sobre la enfermedad, las estrategias de manejo en el hogar y un espacio para que los miembros de la familia y especialmente el cuidador primario no se sientan solos en su lucha diaria. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión de la formación básica de grupos de apoyo. El concepto de cuidador primario se explora haciendo hincapié en la importancia que este personaje representa para la vida del paciente. Se describen las características, metas y formato de investigación sobre la eficacia de estas asociaciones dentro de un marco multidimensional de cuidado a pacientes crónicos


Subject(s)
Health Education/methods , Chronic Disease/therapy , Family Relations , Health Personnel , Psychotherapy, Group/trends , Self-Help Groups/organization & administration , Terminal Care/organization & administration
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