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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(4): 1030-1034, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768208

ABSTRACT

Abstract The mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae is an estuarine resource exploited by riverside communities in Northeast Brazil. Despite its socioeconomic importance, studies on the health status of this bivalve are scanty in this region. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of the protozoan Perkinsus sp. in C. rhizophorae collected in August and September 2011 in three estuaries of the septentrional Northeast, Brazil: Jaguaribe (Ceará), Camurupim (Piauí) and Carnaubeiras (Maranhão) (n= 150 specimens/site). The samples were submitted to Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), PCR and histology assays. The RFTM assay revealed spherical, blue or bluish-black hypnospores of the genus Perkinsus in 50 specimens (Jaguaribe= 17.3%, Camurupim= 5.3%, Carnaubeiras= 10.6%). The intensity of the infection ranged from very light (1-10 cells per slide) to severe (more than 40 cells in each of 10 fields of the slide) for Jaguaribe; very light for Camurupim and very light to moderate (at least 40 cells observed in each of 10 fields of the slide) for Carnaubeiras. When submitted to confirmatory PCR analysis, 6 cases were confirmed (Jaguaribe=3, Camurupim=1, Carnaubeiras=2). The histology confirmed 21 cases of infection in specimens from the three estuaries. Although local collectors have reported no mortality in oyster populations that might be attributed to infection by Perkinsus, health surveillance of oyster populations in the septentrional region of Northeast Brazil is advisable.


Resumo A ostra-do-mangue Crassostrea rhizophorae é um recurso estuarino explorado por comunidades ribeirinhas do Nordeste do Brasil. Apesar de sua importância socioeconômica, estudos sobre o estado de saúde deste bivalve são escassos na região. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença do protozoário Perkinsus sp. em C. rhizophorae coletada em agosto e setembro de 2011, em três estuários da região setentrional do Nordeste brasileiro: Jaguaribe (Ceará), Camurupim (Piauí) e Carnaubeiras (Maranhão) (n = 150 espécimes/local). As amostras foram submetidas ao meio líquido de tioglicolato de Ray (RFTM), PCR e ensaios histológicos. A análise em RFTM revelou hipnósporos esféricos azuis ou preto-azulados do gênero Perkinsus em 50 espécimes (Jaguaribe= 17,3%, Camurupim= 5,3%, Carnaubeiras= 10,6%). A intensidade de infecção variou de muito leve (1-10 células por lâmina) a severa (mais de 40 células em cada um dos 10 campos da lâmina) para o Rio Jaguaribe; muito leve para o Rio Camurupim e muito leve a moderada (pelo menos 40 células observadas, em cada um dos 10 campos da lâmina) para o Rio Carnaubeiras. Quando submetidos à análise confirmatória por PCR, foram confirmados 6 casos (Jaguaribe= 3, Camurupim= 1, Carnaubeiras= 2). A histologia confirmou 21 casos de infecção em espécimes dos três estuários. Embora os coletores locais não tenham relatado nenhuma mortalidade em populações de ostras que pudesse ser atribuída à infecção por Perkinsus, é aconselhável um monitoramento sobre o estado de saúde de populações de ostras da região.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alveolata/physiology , Crassostrea/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Brazil , Estuaries , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thioglycolates/chemistry
2.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(5): 343-353, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687630

ABSTRACT

The effects of swim bladder injection with thioglycolate, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-inactivat ed Aeromonas hydrophila were assessed on hematological responses in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae). A quantitative assessment was done on erythrocytes, thrombocytes e leucocytes at 6, 24, and 48 h pos-injection of the inflammatory agents and compared with fish injected with saline solution (control). Fish injected with inactivated A. hydrophila showed a reduction of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, whereas the hematocrit increased 6 h pos-injection. The results show that thioglycolate and LPS also induced a reduction on hemoglobin and an increase on the hematocrit. The thrombocytes count decreased 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, whereas increased 48 hours post LPS injection. The leukocytes count increased after 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, while the lymphocytes and PAS-positive granularleukocytes (PAS-LG) count decreased after 24 h post injection. In fish injected with thioglycolate or with LPS showed an increase in the LG-PAS counts when compared to A. hydrophila or control groups. The monocytes count was not affected by the different inflammatory agents.


Os efeitos da injeção de tioglicolato, lipolissacarídio de Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila inativada na bexiga natatória de pacus, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) foram avaliados quanto às respostas de células vermelhas, leucócitos e trombócitos do sangue. Ensaios quantitativos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram realizados 6, 24 e 48 h após os estímulos e comparados com peixes que receberam solução salina 0,65% pela mesma via. Peixes inoculados com A. hydrophila apresentaram redução do número de eritrócitos e da taxa de hemoglobina enquanto o hematócrito aumentou 6 h após o estímulo. Os resultados mostraram que o tioglicolato e o LPS também induziram redução da hemoglobina e aumento do hematócrito. A contagem de trombócitos diminuiu 6 h após a inoculação de A. hydrophila inativada e aumentou 48 horas após a injeção de LPS. A contagem de leucócitos aumentou 6 h após a inoculação de A. hydrophila enquanto a de linfócitos a leucócitos granulares PAS positivos (PAS_LG) diminuiu 24 h depois. Peixes injetados com tioglicolato o LPS apresentaram aumento do número de LG_PAS em relação aos inoculados com A. hydrophila inativada ou grupo controle. A contagem de monócitos não foi afetada pelos diferentes agentes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aeromonas/physiology , Erythrocytes/physiology , Fishes/classification , Thioglycolates/chemistry , Inflammation/microbiology , Air Sacs/anatomy & histology
3.
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2011; 8 (3): 219-226
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-137345

ABSTRACT

Thiol rice straw [TRS] was prepared by esterifying thioglycolic acid onto rice straw in the medium of acetic anhydride and acetic acid with sulfuric acid as catalyst. The sorption of lead [Pb] on TRS from aqueous solution was subsequently investigated. The batch experiments showed that Pb removal was dependent on initial pH, sorbent dose, Pb concentration, contact time, and temperature. The maximum value of Pb removal appeared at pH 5. For 100 mg/L of Pb solution, a removal ratio of greater than 98% could be achieved with 2.0 g/L or more of TRS. The isothermal data of Pb sorption conformed well to the Langmuir model, and the maximum sorption capacity [Q[m]] of TRS for Pb was 104.17 mg/g. The equilibrium of Pb removal was reached within 120 min. The Pb removal process could be described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the Pb removal process was spontaneous and endothermic


Subject(s)
Thermodynamics , Water Purification/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification , Industrial Waste , Oryza , Thioglycolates/chemistry
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