Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil contained and synthesis thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles / Atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris contido e síntese de nanopartículas de prata de timo (Vulgaris)

Several species of thymus have therapeutic properties, so they are used in traditional medicine. In this work was carried out to synthesize Thymus vulgalis silver nanoparticles (TSNPS) and evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of TSNPS and T. vulgalis essential oil extract (TEOE). The essential oils analyzed by GC-MS and were characterized. Major compounds of phenol, 2 methyl 5 (1 methylethyle) (CAS), thymol and 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid, 3 nitro (CAS) (48.75%, 32.42% and 8.12%, respectively) were detected. Results demonstrated that the TSNPS gave a highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, it was obtained 97.2 at 1000 ug/ml. TSNPS, Thymus + Hexane (T+H), Thymus + Ethanol (T+E) gave the greatest antimicrobial activity than amoxicillin (AM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). In conclusion: The essential oil of thymus (Vulgaris) and thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles can be a good source of natural preservatives as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for increasing the shelf life of foodstuffs.

Diversas espécies de timo possuem propriedades terapêuticas, por isso são utilizadas na medicina tradicional. Neste trabalho foi realizado para sintetizar nanopartículas de prata Thymus vulgalis (TSNPS) e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana de TSNPS e extrato de óleo essencial de T. vulgalis (TEOE). Os óleos essenciais analisados por GC-MS e foram caracterizados. Os principais compostos de fenol, 2 metil 5 (1 metiletilo) (CAS), timol e ácido 1,2 Benzenodicarboxílico, 3 nitro (CAS) (48,75%, 32,42% e 8,12%, respectivamente) foram detectados. Os resultados demonstraram que o TSNPS deu uma maior atividade de eliminação do radical DPPH , foi obtido 97,2 a 1000 ug / ml. TSNPS, Timo + Hexano (T + H), Timo + Etanol (T + E) deu a maior atividade antimicrobiana do que amoxicilina (AM) e ciprofloxacina (CIP). Em conclusão: O óleo essencial de nanopartículas de prata do timo (Vulgaris) e do timo (Vulgaris) pode ser uma boa fonte de conservantes naturais como agentes antioxidantes e antimicrobianos para aumentar a vida útil de alimentos.

Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of tabebuia hypoleuca [c. wright ex sauvalle] urb. stems

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Tabebuia hypoleuca stems [THME]

Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups of 8 mice for each test [negative controls, positive controls, and 3 groups treated with THME at doses of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg, p.o.]

The antinociceptive effect of THME was evaluated using the writhing, formalin, tail flick, and hot plate models in mice

Results: In the writhing test, THME [150,300, and 500 mg/kg] produced significantly [p < 0.001] fewer writhes induced by acetic acid than in the control group. In the formalin test, the licking time forTHMEat doses of 300and 500 mg/kg was significantly shorter [p < 0.001] compared to the control group in the first phase of the formalin test, whereas in the second phase only the dose of 500 mg/kg showed an antinociceptive effect. In addition, THME at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg significantly increased the latency time in the tail flick test [p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively] and in the hot plate test [p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively] compared to the control group

Conclusions: These results show that THME had antinociceptive activity using several models of nociception, and they suggest that the effect is mediated by the participation of both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms

Lipid peroxidation inhibition, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging properties of thymus daenensis and anethum graveolens essential oils

Safety and efficacy of the synthetic antioxidants used in the food industry are frequently questioned because such antioxidants are unstable and highly volatile, therefore, interest in finding naturally occurring antioxidants that have the potential to protect human beings from damage induced by oxidative stress has intensified. Bioactivities of Thymus daenensis and Anethum graveolens essential oils with special reference to their antioxidative properties are studied. Total phenolic content [TPC], lipid peroxidation inhibition [LPI], ferrous-ion chelating [FIC], superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibition activities of the essential oils were determined. TPC of T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils were 644.07 +/- 6.79 and 174.91 +/- 2.05 mg GAE/100 g. T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils showed the highest LPI activity with FICs of 63.28 +/- 0.21 and 70.22 +/- 1.9 percent respectively. Superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of the above oils had IC[50] of 0.013, 0.001 and 0.005, 0.0014 mg, respectively. A. graveolens oil showed 6 fold higher anti - tyrosinase activity than T. daenensis oil. There was not correlation between lipid peroxidation or ferrous ion chelating activities with total phenolics implying that the oils contain chelating ligands. The effects of antioxidant phytochemicals in the biological systems are ascribed on their ability to scavenge radicals, chelating metals, activate the antioxidant enzymes, and to inhibit the oxidases. T. daenensis and A. graveolens oils have good commercial potential in both food processing and cosmetic industries

Effect of evaluation for quality and quantity of essential oil thymus kotschyanus [Damavand-Tar]

Thymus kotschyanus [Lamiaceae] is a valuable plant species which mainly grow in mountainous regions. Different species of this plant have worldwide distribution especially in Mediterranean region. The plant is a woody, small, patchy, or perennial herb with a woody base. It is well known as a medicinal plant with energetic and antibacterial actions. The essence is especially used in drying industries, cosmetics and trade industries. To study genetical biodiversity of the T. kotschyanus and interaction of ecological conditions on the plant essence. The samples were collected from three elevation bands and the essence combination were analysed. The results showed that essence content were between 0/95 - 1/87% and the yield is 1.23% and due to high content of essence is valuable in drugs industry. Generally, 37 different combinations were analysed by GC-MS. in elevation bands which showed Carvacrol [60.82- 82.05%] and Thymol [1.56-13.94%] are the most important substances in T. kotschyanus. This study showed that essence of this species has high content of Thymol and Carvacrol which are two medically important

To evaluate the effect of Thymomodulin in treatment of extrinsical asthma

Studing on treatment effect of thymomodulin with dose of 1 tablet (8mg/day) in 3 continuous months on 38 patients with exogenous bronchial asthma at general clinical, Sea Medical Institute Viet Nam. The result: most patients are at the age from 30-49, and have allergic prehistory individual and family, in particularly prehistory of bronchial asthma. Thymomodulin have clearly effect in treatment of exogenous bronchial asthma on clinical including good result is 42,11%, moderately good result is 36,8% and moderate result is 21,05%. After treatment, criteria for immunology as skin test, reaction kill specific leukocyte, total plasma IgE change significantly

Protective effect of thymus extract against stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of thymus extract against peptic ulcer in stress-induced gastric ulcer model in rats, together with the determination of its effect on gastric secretion. The possible effect of thymus extract on the isolated fundal strip of rat stomach and the isolated smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum was also studied. The oral administration of thymus extract [50 mg/kg/day] for one week significantly reduced the incidence of ulceration, the mean ulcer score and the ulcer index compared with the saline control group and achieved a preventive index of 57%. Also, it decreased gastric acidity, as it significantly reduced the mean pepsin concentration as compared with the saline control animals. On the other hand, thymus extract produced a dose- dependent relaxant effect on the isolated smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum, but not the isolated fundal strip of rat stomach

Management of severe atopic dermatitis with thymostimulin.

Two patients with severe atopic dermatitis unresponsive to conventional therapy were enrolled in a clinical trial on thymostimulin (TP-1). TP-1 was administered by subcutaneous injection 1 mg/kg/day for 14 days and then 1 mg/kg/day on alternate days for 2 months. Clinical and immunological status were evaluated at baseline and at regular intervals during the treatment. Clinical severity scores included eight skin conditions (erythema, edema, vesicle, crust, excoriation, scaling, lichenification, pigmentation), two subjective components (itchiness and loss of sleep), and extent of area affected. There was a statistically significant improvement in the overall assessment of the severity scores. There were no definite changes in immunological parameters including CD4, CD8 T-cell subpopulations and serum IgE, but eosinophil count showed a mark decrease in one case. No serious side effects were observed.

Presentación de cinco casos de linfocitopenia CD4+ idiopática / Report of five cases of idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia

Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo es llamar la atención sobre una inmunodeficiencia recientemente descripta y ofrecer una propuesta de estudio y tratamiento. Material y métodos: período de estudio: enero de 1998 a agosto de 2000. Presentamos 5 pacientes de entre 23 y 86 años de edad (media 51,2 años), todos de sexo femenino, que fueron estudiadas por presentar infecciones a repetición (micóticas, virales y bacterianas). Se les realizó determinación de VIH por ELISA, pruebas cutáneas para antígenos habitualmente reconocidos por el organismo, medición de linfocitos CD4+ y CD8+ por partículas magnéticas. Proteinograma electroforético, dosaje de inmunoglobulinas plasmáticas por inmunodifusión radial. Se efectuó tratamiento con timomodulina 60 mg por día. Conclusiones: al momento del diagnóstico se observó: pruebas cutáneas hipoérgicas, VIH negativo y disminución de linfocitos CD4+. Posterior al tratamiento con timomodulina, se observó buena respuesta clínica, mejoría de las pruebas cutáneas y elevación de los linfocitos CD4+ en todas las pacientes

The role of Wobe-Mugos in reducing acute sequele of radiation in head and neck cancers--a clinical phase-III randomized trial.

Oral enzymes act as a potent antiinflammatory, antiedematous agents thereby decreasing acute toxigenic effect of radiation and increasing compliance, quality of life of our patients. Fifty patients were randomized 25 allocated in enzyme and radiotherapy arm, 25 in radiotherapy alone. Pre RT and post RT biopsies were taken from both arms. In our study it was found that there was clinical, histopathological as well as statistical significant difference in both arms. The enzyme arm patients had mucostis of grade I in 76%, grade II in 12%, grade III in 8% while as 8% had grade I, 68% grade II, 24% had grade III in RT arm alone. In enzyme patients skin reactions of grade I in 72%, 20% had grade II, 8% had grade III. In control arm 12% had grade I, 76% had grade II, 8% had grade III skin reaction.

IgA B and T cells in the intestinal villi of immunodeficient rats orailly treated with thymomodulin

Previous studies on the effect of the oral administration of bacterial immunomodulators (IM-104 and RN-301) during the protein free diet period, have shown an increase on B and T cell gut repopulation, accompanied by IgA antibody production. The usefulness of oral administration of the immunomodulator thymomodulin (TmB) during the protein refeeding period was investigated. TmB allowed the recovery of a normal repopulation of gut lamina propria with IgA B and CD5 T cells and decreases to control values the number of activated intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD25+T cell subset). Therefore, the oral administration of TmB may be useful as a therapeutic agent as it seems to improve the repopulation of intestinal villi with immunocompetent cells. Also, it seems to regulate the immunosurveillance at the epithelium level as it increases the CD5+T cells but decreases the activated ones.

Eficacia de la profilaxis con timomodulina sobre el número y duración de episodios infecciosos respiratorios en adultos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Efficacy of thymomodulin on the number and uration of infectious episodes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

En dos centros hospitalarios se realizó un ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, doble ciego, placebo controlado, para medir la eficacia de la timomodulina en la disminución de la frecuencia y duración de las reagudizaciones infecciosas en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se administraron cápsulas de 80 mg de timomodulina tres veces al día ó placebo con la misma presentación. Del primero de enero de 1994 al 31 de marzo de 1995 se incluyeron 88 pacientes con EPOC confirmada clínica, funcional y radiológicamente. El tratamiento se administró durante un trimestre (invierno) y se hizo seguimiento durante los tres trimestres siguientes. La mayor reducción en el número de episodios infecciosos se observó en el transcurso del segundo trimestre de seguimiento: 0.19 (ñ 0.39) vs 0.50 (ñ 0.62), p=0.007, para el brazo de timomodulina y placebo, respectivamente, lo que correspondió a una reducción de 62 por ciento. El número de días en cama durante el primer trimestre fue de 0.06 (ñ 0.33) vs 0.95 (ñ 2.46), p=0.02 para timomodulina y placebo, respectivamente, y correspondió a una reducción de días en cama de 94 por ciento. Se obervó un incremento en los tres tipos de linfocitos T, CD3, CD4 y CD8. El análisis de mediciones repetidas mostró un incremento estadísticamente significativo en la proporción de CD3 (p= 0.004), CD4 (p=0.11) y CD8 (p= 0.01). Con base en estos resultados se propone administrar durante dos periodos del año la timomodulina, durante el primero y tercer trimestres, lo que reducira en gran medida el costo excesivo de ciclos repetidos de antibióticos y días de incapacidad y hospitalización

Ultrastructural study of cortical thymic epithelial cells in the rabbit

This study was carried out on the cortex of the thymus gland of 5 adult rabbits. The thymic specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examinations. Three epithelial cell types were recognized in the thymic cortex of adult rabbit and they showed evidences of secretory activity. These findings prove the heterogeneity of epithelial cells in the cortex of rabbit thymus and concluded that these cells continue to prepare T-lymphocytes in adult rabbits

Acción del extracto leucocitario dializado sobre la maduración de timocitos in vitro / Action of dialyzed leukocyte extract on in vitro maturation of thymocytes

Basado en las sugerencias tempranas de Lawrence, acerca de que los efectos inmunológicos específicos y no específicos del extracto leucocitario dializado (ELD) puedan derivar de su capacidad de iniciar la maduración de una célula primitiva de la serie T, se estudiaron los efectos del ELD sobre la adquisición de la capacidad de respuesta blastogénica de los timocitos de ratón a los fitomitógenos: PHA, con A y PWM y sobre la conversión de los timocitos hidrocortisona-sensibles en hidrocortisona-resistentes como indicadores reconocidos de la maduración de células T. Nuestros resultados destacan el ELD como posible inductor de la maduración y diferenciación terminal de las células tímicas, propiedad exclusiva del ELD respecto a otros inmunosupresores y fuente de importantes implicaciones terapéuticas

Avaliaçäo clínica e laboratorial sobre o emprego da timomodulina em sarampo e varicela / Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of the use of thymomodulin in measles and varicella

Estudou-se a eficácia e tolerância da Timomodulina em 48 pacientes, portadores de infecçöes virais. A avaliaçäo da eficácia e tolerância baseou-se nos dados obtidos por ocasiäo dos exames clínicos e laboratoriais. A eficácia foi considerada boa em todos os casos avaliados e a tolerância caracterizada como excelente, näo havendo referência a qualquer efeito colateral. Conclue-se pela boa eficácia e tolerância do produto

Relato preliminar do uso de timostimulina no tratamento de infecçöes otorrinolaringológicas agudas e crônicas / Preliminary report of the use of thymostimulin in the treatment of acute and chronic otorhinological infections

Os autores avaliaram 70 pacientes portadores de infecçöes otorrinolaringológicas, os quais foram tratados com timostimulina com administraçäo por via oral ou intramuscular. A avaliaçäo foi realizada através de exames subjetivos e objetivos dos pacientes, no início e final do tratamento. Da avaliaçäo clínica obteve-se os seguintes resultados: Muito bom em 60 pacientes, Bom em três pacientes e Nulo em sete pacientes chegando-se a 90% de resultados excelentes. Näo foram constatados efeitos colaterais em nenhum dos pacientes tratados. Tais dados confirmam a eficácia e segurança da timostimulina no tratamento neste tipo de infecçäo