ABSTRACT
Resumen Justificación y objetivo: determinar la incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de tiroides en Costa Rica 1990-2014. Metodología: investigación descriptiva observacional de corte transversal. El estudio fue realizado en los costarricenses con diagnóstico (7 265 casos nuevos) y muerte (382 defunciones) de cáncer de tiroides, en el periodo 1990-2014. La información se obtuvo de las bases de datos del Centro Centroamericano de la Población, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo y el Registro Nacional de Tumores, usando los códigos de Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 9 y 10. Se hace el cálculo de tasas ajustadas por 100 000 habitantes, porcentajes y años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Resultados: la mortalidad por cáncer de tiroides en Costa Rica mostró una tendencia al ascenso leve durante el periodo de 1990 a 2014. Predomina en el sexo femenino, con una razón de 3:1 y afecta principalmente a la población mayor de 60 años, con tasas mayores en las provincias de Cartago, San José y Heredia. La incidencia, de igual manera, tuvo una tendencia al ascenso, en este caso moderada, al igual que se observó para los años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Conclusión: la mortalidad, la incidencia y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos por cáncer de tiroides en Costa Rica presentan tendencia al ascenso a lo largo del periodo de estudio.
Abstract Background and Aim : To determine the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in Costa Rica from 1990 to 2014. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional observational research. The study was performed in Costa Ricans with diagnosis (7 265 new cases) and death (382 deaths) of thyroid cancer, in the period 1990-2014. The information was obtained from the databases of the Central American Population Center, the National Institute of Statistics and Census and the National Registry of Tumors, using the International Classification of Diseases 9 and 10. Calculation of adjusted rates by 100 000 inhabitants, percentages and years of life potentially lost was obtained. Results: mortality from thyroid cancer in Costa Rica showed a slight upward trend during the period from 1990 to 2014. It was predominant in females, with a ratio of 3: 1 and affected mainly the population over 60 years old, with higher rates in the provinces of Cartago, San José and Heredia. The incidence, in the same way, had a tendency to rise, moderately, just as it was observed for the years of life potentially lost. Conclusion: Mortality, incidence and years of life potentially lost due to thyroid cancer in Costa Rica present a tendency to rise throughout the study period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Neoplasms/history , Thyroid Neoplasms/mortality , Thyroid Neoplasms/prevention & control , Costa RicaABSTRACT
El trabajo repasa la evolución histórica en el entendimiento y en el manejo de la cirugía tiroidea. Describe los orígenes de esta cirugía y su ejecución, mucho antes de que se entendiera el funcionamiento de la glándula. Enumera los personajes más trascendentes de esta historia y cómo otras técnicas aplicadas en la cirugía oncológica general se adaptaron a la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Se mencionan las innovaciones tecnológicas en cirugía tiroidea.
This work reviews the historical evolution of thyroid surgery, its understanding and management. It mentions the origins of this surgical procedure and its execution well before the understanding of the glandular function. The leading persons in this historical field are enumerated; and a review is made of how other techniques applied in surgical oncology were adapted in head and neck surgery. Technological innovations in thyroid surgery are enumerated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/trends , Review Literature as Topic , Thyroid Neoplasms/history , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Endocrinology/history , History of Medicine , Technological DevelopmentABSTRACT
Although several findings of historical writings have been made, the exact role of the thyroid was not known in the ancient times. From the middle of the nineteenth century, the anatomy and the physiological role of the thyroid were gradually elucidated, and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities were developed. It has been 100 years since Theodor Kocher was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in pathophysiology and surgery of the thyroid. Fifty years have passed since radioactive iodine was first used for the diagnosis and the treatment of hyperthyroidism in Korea. Today, thyroid cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancy in Korean women. However, the detailed history of the thyroid disease has not been introduced in Korea. The aim of this paper is to describe the historical perspectives of the thyroid disease, especially focusing on the development of the treatment. The common thyroid disease ere named after their discoverers, such as Graves and Hashimoto. It is meaningful to understand the historical background of the thyroid gland, because the important concepts in the area of endocrinology such as hormone replacement therapy, feedback mechanisms, and the use of isotopes were first established based on the research of the thyroid.