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Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;41(2): 282-290, abr. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559682

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La rickettsiosis, enfermedad potencialmente mortal, es trasmitida por vectores como Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis y D. andersonii, reservorios de Rickettsia rickettsii. En Baja California, México, es endémica, multifactorial, tiene alta letalidad, sus manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y ataque multisistémico dificultan el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la letalidad por rickettsiosis trasmitida por garrapatas en Mexicali, Baja California. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS : Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, retrospectivo, de 40 registros de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de rickettsiosis, periodo 2014 a 2018. Variables analizadas: sociodemográficas, clínicas, laboratorio clínico, evolución y desenlace. Se reportan frecuencias y medidas de asociación. RESULTADOS: 24 defunciones y 16 vivos. Más de 90% tuvo contacto conocido con garrapatas. Afectó en su mayoría a < 45 años en ambos grupos. La evolución antes del ingreso fue similar y la estancia hospitalaria fue mayor en los pacientes vivos (3,2 ± 4.7 vs 10,62 ± 7,6 p = 0,0002). Fiebre, cefalea, mialgias fueron predominantes. Datos asociados con letalidad: disfunción respiratoria (OR 38,33 IC95% 4,06-361,3 p < 0,0001), creatinina elevada (OR 15,4 IC95% 3,08-76,77 p < 0,0003), retardo del llenado capilar (OR 13,0 IC95% 2,73-61,78 p = 0,0005), dolor abdominal (OR 8,33, IC95% 1,90-36,44 p = 0,0029), AST (OR 7,5, IC95% 1,69-33,27 p = 0,005). CONCLUSIÓN: Esta enfermedad requiere de identificación temprana de factores que se asocian con letalidad para un tratamiento oportuno y adecuado.


BACKGROUND: Rickettsiosis, a potentially fatal disease, is transmitted by vectors such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersonii, reservoirs of Rickettsia rickettsii. In Baja California, Mexico, it is endemic, multifactorial, has high lethality, its nonspecific clinical manifestations and multisystem attack make diagnosis and timely treatment difficult. AIM: Identify the risk factors associated with lethality due to tick-transmitted rickettsiosis in Mexicali, Baja California. METHODS: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective study of 40 records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of rickettsiosis, period 2014 to 2018. Analyzed variables: sociodemographic, clinical, clinical laboratory, evolution and outcome. Frequencies and association measures are reported. RESULTS: 24 patients died and 16 survived. More than 90% had reported contact with ticks. It mostly affected ≤ 45 years in both groups. The evolution before admission was similar, and the hospital stay was longer in patients who lived (3.2 ± 4.7 vs 10.62 ± 7.6 p = 0.0002). Fever, headache, and myalgia are predominant. Data associated with lethality: respiratory dysfunction (OR 38.33 95% CI 4.06-361.3 p < 0.0001), elevated creatinine (OR 15.4 95% CI 3.08-76.77 p < 0.0003), delayed capillary refill (OR 13.0, 95% CI 2.73-61.78 p = 0.0005), abdominal pain (OR 8.33, 95% CI 1.90-36.44 p = 0.0029), AST (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1.69-33.27 p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This disease requires early identification of factors that are associated with lethality for timely and adequate treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Rickettsia Infections/mortality , Tick-Borne Diseases/mortality , Rickettsia , Rickettsia Infections/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Tick-Borne Diseases/drug therapy , Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis , Mexico/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
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