Tecidos musculoesqueléticos e pele de origem humana: aspectos éticos e legais da produção científica no Brasil / Musculoskeletal tissues and human skin: ethical and legal aspects scientific production of Brazil / Tejidos musculo esqueléticos y piel de origen humano: aspectos éticos y legales de la producción cienofica en Brasil

Este trabalho realizou análise crítica acerca dos padrões éticos e jurídicos de trabalhos envolvendo casos clínicos e pesquisas que utilizaram enxertos de órgãos ou tecidos musculoesqueléticos e cutâneos publicados em revistas nacionais e internacionais, incluindo ainda dissertaçães e teses de universidades brasileiras. Foram utilizadas três bases de dados de 2000 até 2010: Scielo, Medline e Bireme. Concluiu-se que muitas vezes os princípios bioéticos e as normas jurídicas não foram adotados quanto à aquisição, a utilização e o descarte de tecidos musculoesqueléticos e cutâneos utilizados em estudos científicos, demonstrando a necessidade de se evidenciar normas éticas e legais para aqueles profissionais que utilizarão esse tipo de material.

Este trabajo realizó el análisis crítico de los estándares é ticos y jurídicos de trabajos que involucren casos clínicos e investigaciones que utilizaron injertos de órganos o tejidos musculoesqueléticos y cutáneos publicados en revistas nacionales e internacionales, incluyendo también disertaciones y tesis de universidades brasi-leñas. Se utilizaron tres bases de datos desde el año 2000 hasta el 2010: SciELO, MEDLINE y BIREME. Se concluye que a menudo los principios de la bioética y las normas jurídicas no se han adoptado en la adquisición, uso y eliminación de los tejidos musculoesqueléticos y cutáneos utilizados en los estudios cienơficos, lo que demuestra la necesidad de evidenciar las normas éticas y legales para aquellos profesionales que utilizarán ese tipo de materiales.

This study performed a critical analysis about the ethical and legal standards of papers published in national and international journals involving clinical cases and research regarding musculoskeletal and cutaneous organs or tissue grafts, also including dissertations and thesis of Brazilian Universities. Three databases from 2000 to 2010 were used, which are SciELO, MEDLINE and BIREME. It was concluded that in many cases Bio-ethics principles and legal criteria were not adopted regarding acquistion, utilization and disposal of musculoskeletal and cutaneous tissues used in scientific trials, thus demonstrating the need of highlighting ethical and legal standards for those professionals who use this type of material.

Human organ and tissue transplantation in Pakistan; when a regulation makes a difference

Organ transplantation must be viewed in relation to the prevailing cultural, religious and socio-economic conditions of a nation. Over the past two decades, Pakistan has emerged as one of the largest centres for commercial renal transplantation. Government efforts, supported by professional associations, civil society organizations and the media, along with World Health Organization technical assistance, have led to the development of legislation regulating this practice and curbing organ trade in conformity with international guidelines. Although only two years have passed since the enactment of the law, there is evidence that conditions have significantly improved, raising hopes for ethical and safe organ transplantation in Pakistan. This study reviews the salient features of the legislation and lists the foreseeable evolving challenges and opportunities

Ethics of tissue and stem cell trasplantation

Tissue and cell transplantation are regarded as a popular procedure in clinical sciences, prospecting a new horizon for several incurable diseases. Along with its usefulness, many ethical concerns accompany this development. The ethical issue of organ transplant is unique to the source used which includes: living related, living unrelated, cadaveric, and xenotransplant. Obtaining organs has a separate set of ethical concerns which are discussed under two headings, namely salvage and donation. Then there is the issue of organ marketing and the ethical, social, and economical issues it encompasses. All these are active areas of debate, and we have touched upon them by turn. This century has brought a new aspect of transplantation into the light, stem cell transplantation. Here we present some work done recently on mesenchymal stem cells and their outcome. These cells are now being employed in the therapy of some incurable ailments. It seems this kind of transplantation, although possessing its own range of issues, could prove to be the way of the future