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1.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 26(2): 57-64, set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-989212

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la exposición crónica al benceno y tolueno produce alteraciones sobre la médula ósea y el sistema nervioso central, entre otros. En orina, el ácido trans, trans mucónico (t, t-MA) es uno de los biomarcadores de exposición al benceno y el o-cresol (oCre) al tolueno. Objetivo: analizar los resultados de los niveles de t, t-MA y oCre urinarios en una población infanto-juvenil residente en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Conurbano Bonaerense potencialmente expuesta a benceno y tolueno ambiental. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados de t, t-MA y oCre urinarios. Las muestras de orina ingresaron al laboratorio con solicitud de t, t-MA (n=1519) y oCre (n=1447) durante el período 2011-2017 (rango etario entre 0 a 19 años). El t, t-MA se cuantificó por UFLC con detector de arreglo de diodos y el oCre por CG con detector de ionización por llama. Resultados: la edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 4,8 años y la mediana 4,6 años.Las concentraciones de t, t-MA urinario fueron: menor de 50 μg/l (44,8%); entre 50-500 μg/l (52,1%) y mayores de 500 μg/l (3,1%). Expresadas por gramo de creatinina: entre 15-163 μg/g creatinina (60,4%) y mayores de 163 μg/g creatinina (39,6%). El límite de cuantificación de t, t-MA fue de 50 μg/l. Las concentraciones de oCre urinario fueron: menor de 0,20 mg/l (97,7%) y entre 0,20-0,50 mg/l (2,3%) y mayor de 0,50 mg/l (0%). Expresadas por gramo de creatinina: menor de 0,30 mg/g creatinina en el 0,8% y mayores de 0,30 mg/g creatinina en el 1,5%. El límite de cuantificación de oCre fue de 0,20 mg/l. Conclusiones: los resultados del trabajo podrían indicar una contaminación ambiental persistente, en especial en el Conurbano Bonaerense, donde debería continuarse el monitoreo de algunas zonas. Pero, por otro lado, es de vital importancia tener en cuenta los factores de confusión, tales como la dieta, la exposición al humo de tabaco ambiental (fumador pasivo) y la tasa de excreción renal que llevarían a una sobre-estimación de los resultados y a una incorrecta toma de decisiones.


Introduction: Chronic exposure to benzene and toluene produces alterations in the bone marrow and the central nervous system, among other effects. In urine, trans, trans muconic acid (t, t-MA) is one of the biomarkers of exposure to benzene and o-cresol (oCre), to toluene. Objective: To analyze the results of urinary t, t-MA and oCre levels in an infant-juvenile population resident in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the Conurbano Bonaerense, potentially exposed to environmental benzene and toluene. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of urinary t, t-MA and oCre results was performed. The urine samples entered the laboratory with the request of t, t-MA (n = 1519) and oCre (n = 1447) during the period 2011- 2017. The age range of the population was between 0 and 19 years. The t, t-MA was quantified by UFLC with diode array detector and the oCre by GC with flame ionization detector. Results: The average age of the patients was 4.8 years and the median age was 4.6 years. The urinary concentrations of t, t-MA were: below 50 μg/l (44.8%); between 50-500 μg/l (52.1%) and above 500 μg/l (3.1%). Expressed per gram of creatinine: between 15-163 μg/g creatinine (60.4%) and greater 163 μg/g creatinine (39.6%). The limit of quantification of t, t-MA was 50 μg/l. The urinary oCre concentrations were: less than 0.20 mg/l (97.7%) and between 0.20-0.50 mg/l (2.3%). Expressed per gram of creatinine: less than 0.30 mg/g creatinine in 0.8% and greater than 0.30 mg/g creatinine in 1.5%. The limit of quantification of oCre was 0.20mg/l. Conclusions: The results of the study could indicate persistent environmental contamination, especially in the Conurbano Bonaerense, where monitoring of some areas should be continued. However, it is of vital importance to take into account the confounding factors, such as diet, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smoking) and the rate of renal excretion, which would lead to an over-estimation of the results and to incorrect decision-making.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Toluene/poisoning , Toluene/urine , Benzene/poisoning , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/urine , Argentina/epidemiology , Urban Area , Chemical Compound Exposure , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(3): 273-282, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577254

ABSTRACT

Diversos estudios han demostrado que los solventes orgánicos pueden inducir una disfunción auditiva. Los modelos animales han mostrado que los solventes son capaces de dañar las células ciliadas externas. Estudios de campo en trabajadores expuestos a solventes han encontrado por una parte, una mayor prevalencia de hipoacusia sensorioneural en comparación a grupos controles, y por otra, una dis función auditiva central asociada a la exposición a solventes. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar y discutir la evidencia científica acerca de la disfunción auditiva central asociada a la exposición a solventes como el tolueno, estireno, xileno, bisulfato de carbono, y mezcla de ellos. Se discuten los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en humanos expuestos laboralmente a estos agentes. Se discuten además, los mecanismos de ototoxicidady neurotoxidad de los solventes y sus implicancias en la evaluación de la hipoacusia inducida por solventes.


Different studies have demonstrated that solvents may induce an auditory dysfunction. Animal models have shown that solvents can injure the outer hair cells. Studies conducted in workers exposed to solvents have found on one hand, a higher prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in comparison to non-exposed control group subjects. On the other hand, these studies have found a central auditory dysfunction associated with solvent exposure. The present manuscript aims at revising and discussing the scientific evidence on central auditory dysfunction associated with exposure to solvents such as toluene, styrene, xylene, carbon disulphate, and mixtures. Results from studies conducted in humans occupationally exposed to solvents are discussed. Also, the oto-and neuro-toxicity induced by solvents and the implications for the assessment of solvent-induced hearing loss are addressed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Styrene/adverse effects , Hexanes/adverse effects , Hearing Loss/chemically induced , Toluene/adverse effects , Xylenes/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Styrene/poisoning , Chemical Compound Exposure , Hexanes/poisoning , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Solvents/adverse effects , Toluene/poisoning , Xylenes/poisoning
3.
Noise Health ; 2008 Jul-Sep; 10(40): 74-82
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-122042

ABSTRACT

Millions of people around the world are exposed to industrial organic solvents such as toluene and xylene in the manufacturing sectors. Solvents are neurotoxic substances that are detrimental to the functioning of the nervous system, including the central auditory nervous system (CANS). This study investigated hearing and auditory processing in seven individuals with a history of exposure to industrial solvents. A battery of audiological tests was administered to all subjects: pure tone, speech, and impedance audiometry, otoacoustic emissions tests, auditory brainstem responses, middle latency responses, as well as the SCAN-A and R-SPIN tests with low predictability sentence lists. All individuals in this study exhibited findings consistent with retrocochlear and/or central abnormality. Two of the seven subjects in this study had normal pure tone thresholds at all frequencies bilaterally, yet showed abnormal retrocochlear/central results on one or more tests. The auditory test battery approach used in this study appears to be valuable in evaluating the pathological conditions of the CANS in solvent-exposed individuals.


Subject(s)
Adult , Audiometry/methods , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Female , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/chemically induced , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/chemically induced , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Solvents/poisoning , Tinnitus/chemically induced , Toluene/poisoning , Xylenes/poisoning
4.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 54(1): 21-33, jan-mar. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-438289

ABSTRACT

Este artigo é o segundo de uma série sobre psiquiatria ocupacional e apresenta uma breve revisão bibliográfica das síndromes psiquiátricas orgânicas relacionadas ao trabalho nos seus aspectos conceituais, clínicos, diagnósticos, ambientais, fatores relacionados aos riscos ocupacionais e suas repercussões psicossociais e organizacionais, a partir de uma abordagem feita pelo Laboratório de Saúde Mental e Trabalho do Departamento de Psicologia Médica e Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (LSMT/DPMP/FCM/UNICAMP).


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Psychiatry , Risk Factors , Social Environment , Mental Disorders/classification , Mental Disorders/chemically induced , Workplace , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Hydrocarbons/poisoning , Metals, Heavy/poisoning , Toluene/poisoning
5.
Acta AWHO ; 18(4): 196-201, out.-dez. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-254213

ABSTRACT

Os autores fazem uma revisão de literatura sobre alterações do sistema otoneurológico, decorrente da ação de agentes químicos como solventes e metais pesados, na maioria das ocasiões por exposição no trabalho. Relatam dois casos de intoxicação ocupacional por mercúrio, comentando a importância dos exames complementares para o diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Hearing Loss/chemically induced , Mercury Poisoning/complications , Metals, Heavy/poisoning , Solvents/poisoning , Styrene/poisoning , Toluene/poisoning , Vertigo/chemically induced , Xylenes/poisoning
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