Prevalencia de lesiones bucales en tejido blando encontradas en la Clínica de Estomatología de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de los Andes: periodo 2015-2018 / Prevalence of oral lesions in soft tissue found in the Clinic of Stomatology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of los Andes: 2015-2018 period

Introducción: La epidemiología sobre alteraciones en tejidos blandos bucales es limitada cuando se compara con caries, enfermedades periodontales y maloclusiones, por lo que su estudio representa un paso adelante en la odontología más allá de los dientes. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de las lesiones bucales en tejido blando encontradas en la Clínica de Estomatología de la Facultad de Odontología de la ULA, del 2015 al 2018, con la finalidad de proporcionar una fuente de datos actualizada, que oriente a una mejor prevención y oportuno diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, documental, retrospectiva y multivariable. Resultados: De 1,000 fichas clínicas estudiadas, las patologías más frecuentes fueron: lengua saburral (50.6%), queilitis (33.4%), traumatismo de la mucosa de los carrillos (27.6%), várices linguales (18.3%), anquiloglosia (13.7%) y agrandamiento de rugas palatinas (11.7%). La zona con mayor alteración fue la lengua (92.1%), mientras que el paladar fue la menos afectada (29%). De los hábitos predisponentes a la formación de lesiones, el mordisqueo de mucosa fue el más común (16.5%). En cuanto a los factores locales asociados, una higiene oral regular/ deficiente resultó el principal (53.8%). Conclusión: La educación del paciente sigue siendo considerada la clave para disminuir la aparición de patologías y su evolución a entidades más graves (AU)

Introduction: Epidemiological studies on soft tissue alterations in the mouth are limited when compared with caries, periodontal diseases and malocclusions, so their study represents a step forward in dentistry beyond the teeth. Objective: To describe the prevalence of soft tissue oral lesions found in the Stomatology Clinic of the ULA School of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2018, in order to provide an up-to-date data source, to guide better prevention and timely diagnosis. Material and methods: A descriptive and documentary, retrospective and multivariable research was carried out. The statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics v 23 was applied for the analysis. Results: 1,000 clinical records studied, the most frequent pathologies were: saburral tongue (50.6%), cheilitis (33.4%), traumatism of the cheek mucosa (27.6%), lingual varices (18.3%), ankyloglossia (13.7%) and enlargement of palatal rugas (11.7%). The tongue was the most affected (92.1%), while the palate was the least affected (29%). Of the predisposing habits to the formation of lesions, mucosal nipping was the most common (16.5%). Regarding the associated local factors, a regular / deficient oral hygiene was the main one (53.8%). Conclusion: Patient education is still considered the key to diminish not only the appearance of pathologies but their evolution to more serious entities (AU)

Hairy tongue: differential diagnosis by use of widefield optical fluorescence

Abstract Hairy tongue is a benign pathology, characterized clinically by hyperkeratinized plaques on the dorsal surface of the tongue, hairlike, whose coloration ranges from unpigment, whitish, yellowish, green, brown to black. Diagnosis is clinical, and, in cases of whitish plaques, it may be difficult to differentiate between oral hairy leukoplakia, potentially malignant leukoplakia or squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, widefield optical fluorescence complementary examination may allow a better visualization of the local hairlike pattern of hyperkeratinization, typical of the hairy tongue, facilitating the diagnosis. In this work, a 57-year-old man was referred to the Dental Specialties Department of the Divinópolis Health Department (MG, Brazil) by a general dental practitioner, aiming a differential diagnosis of possible malignant lesion on the dorsal tongue surface. The complementary examination by wide-field optical fluorescence was performed. For this, it was employed a device with high-power light-emitting diode emitting light centered at a wavelength of (400±10) nm and maximum irradiance of (0.040±0.008) W/cm2 was used for fluorescence visualization. Fluorescence images showed projections of hairlike appearance in tongue dorsal surface with no aspects of malignancy. Hairlike appearance is the principal feature of hairy tongue. In this way, the final diagnosis was established. In conclusion, in this case, the use of widefield optical fluorescence in oral diagnostic routine provided a differential diagnosis, with no need of an incisional biopsy.

Resumo A língua pilosa é uma patologia benigna, caracterizada clinicamente por placas hiperqueratinizadas na face dorsal da língua, semelhante a pelos, cuja coloração varia de despigmentada, esbranquiçada, amarelada, verde, acastanhada a preta. O diagnóstico é clínico, e em casos de placas esbranquiçadas, pode ser difícil diferenciar entre leucoplasia pilosa oral, leucoplasia potencialmente maligna ou carcinoma de células escamosas. Assim, o exame complementar de fluorescência óptica de campo amplo pode permitir uma melhor visualização do padrão local de hiperqueratinização semelhante à pelos, os quais são característicos de língua pilosa, facilitando o diagnóstico. Neste trabalho, um paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, foi encaminhado ao Departamento de Odontologia da Secretaria de Saúde de Divinópolis (Minas Gerais) por um clínico geral, visando o diagnóstico de uma possível lesão maligna na face dorsal da língua. O exame complementar por fluorescência óptica de campo amplo foi realizado. Para isso, foi empregado um dispositivo com diodo emissor de luz de alta potência, com luz centrada em um comprimento de onda de (400±10) nm e irradiância máxima de (0,04 ±0,008) W/cm2 para visualização de fluorescência. As imagens de fluorescência mostraram projeções de aparência semelhante à pelos na superfície dorsal da língua, sem aspectos de malignidade. A aparência similar à pelos é a principal característica da língua pilosa. Dessa maneira, o diagnóstico final foi estabelecido. Em conclusão, neste caso, o uso da fluorescência óptica de campo amplo permitiu um diagnóstico diferencial, sem a necessidade de uma biópsia incisional.

Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: a cross-sectional study

Background: Tongue examination helps considerably in diagnosing the underlying health state of the patient, especially in the cases of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of tongue lesions with risk factors among Yemeni dental patients. Materials and methods: An oral medicine specialist examined all 713 patients attending the dental polyclinics at the University of Sciences and Technology (Sana’a, Yemen). The examination sheet was designed to include information related to patient characteristics, medical history, dental history, habits, and tongue lesions. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions among the examined participants was 76.5 percent. The prevalence rate was 83.4 percent for males and 69.2 percent for females. Fissured tongue was the most common condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.007), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p=0.001) were associated with fissured tongue; gender (p<0.001), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001) were associated with hairy tongue; and older age (p<0.001), khat chewing (p=0.001), and smoking (p=.021) were associated with coated tongue. Conclusion: The prevalence of tongue lesions among this sample of Yemeni population was 76.5 percent; fissured tongue and hairy tongue were the most prevalent lesions. Khat chewing, smoking, and older age were the associated risk factors for many of studied lesions and anomalies.

Lengua negra vellosa / Beautiful black tongue

La lengua negra vellosa es una patología benigna relativamente frecuente, caracterizada por una coloración pardo-negruzca de la superficie lingual asociada a hipertrofia de papilas filiformes dando aspecto de vellosidades. Los factores de riesgo son amplios y de exposición cotidiana (antibióticos, alcohol, tabaco, higiene dental deficiente). Entre sus diagnósticos diferenciales es útil recordar aquellos asociados con neoplasias o inmunocompromiso (acantosis nigricans oral, leucoplasia vellosa, etc.). Su diagnóstico es clínico; sin embargo, cuando las causas o historia no son claras, la exploración clínica es atípica o hay refractariedad sistemática a los tratamientos habituales, se debe plantear un estudio ampliado (AU)

Black hairy tongue is a relatively common benign disease, characterized by brown-black discoloration and hypertrophic tongue surface, giving aspect of villi. Risk factors are broad and from daily exposure (antibiotics, alcohol, tobacco, poor dental hygiene). Among its differential diagnoses it is useful to recall those associated with malignancies or immunocompromise (oral acanthosis nigricans, hairy leukoplakia, etc.). Diagnosis is clinical, but when the causes are unclear, history or clinical examination is atypical, or treatment is refractory, it should be considered an extended study (AU)

Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Male Smokers and Nonsmokers / 전남의대학술지

Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature, however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of whom were smokers and 258 of whom were healthy nonsmokers. The prevalence of lesions was evaluated by clinical observation and biopsy. We found that the most prevalent lesions among smokers were gingival problems and coated tongue; smokers had significantly more lesions than did nonsmokers. Malignant and premalignant lesions were found in a higher age range. Among all participants in our study, we found a large number of oral mucosal lesions in smokers that had a strong correlation with smoking. Dental services need to implement care and health education for smokers to promote health.

Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Male Smokers and Nonsmokers / 전남의대학술지

Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature, however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of whom were smokers and 258 of whom were healthy nonsmokers. The prevalence of lesions was evaluated by clinical observation and biopsy. We found that the most prevalent lesions among smokers were gingival problems and coated tongue; smokers had significantly more lesions than did nonsmokers. Malignant and premalignant lesions were found in a higher age range. Among all participants in our study, we found a large number of oral mucosal lesions in smokers that had a strong correlation with smoking. Dental services need to implement care and health education for smokers to promote health.

Black Hairy Tongue Associated with Erlotinib Treatment in a Patient with Advanced Lung Cancer

Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). There have been many reports of the mucocutaneous side effects related to several EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIs). However, no case of black hairy tongue (BHT) associated with EGFRI has been reported. Herein, we report the first case of erlotinib-induced BHT in a 61-year-old man with advanced lung cancer. Considering recent use of EGFRIs worldwide, dermatologists should recognize the possible occurrence of BHT associated with EGFRIs such as erlotinib.

A Case of Black Hairy Tongue / 대한피부과학회지

Black hairy tongue occurs on the dorsum of the tongue, and is characterised by a black, yellowish, or brown plaque with hairlike structures which result from benign hyperkeratosis of the filiform papillae. It may be associated with several conditions such as smoking, oral antibiotics or candida infection. However, the definite etiology is unknown. We report a case of black hairy tongue without any associated condition.

A Case of Black Hairy Tongue following the Use of Psychotropic Agents / 대한피부과학회지

Black hairy tongue is a benign skin condition characterized by dark brown or black patches on the tongue, due to hypertrophied filiform papillae. Although the cause of the disease is uncertain, there are several predisposing factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking and medication. Herein, we report a case of black hairy tongue that developed after the use of psychotropic agents

prevalence of tongue abnormalities among the school children in Borazjan, Iran

Tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. The tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities that some are developmental and some of them are genetical and environmental. This study has been performed to measure the relative frequency of tongue anomalies in students in Borazjan city and to determine the relations of age and gender with these anomalies. With randomized stratified clustered sampling, 1540 students were selected from primary, guidance and high school. Then these students were examined. Examination was performed with the natural light in the quiet and relax condition. Lips and cheeks were retracted with abslang and disposable mirror. The results were analysed with chi-square statistic test in SPSS. The prevalence of all tongue anomalies was 34.3% [geographic tongue 4.8%, fissured tongue 11.8%, ankyloglossia 5%, median rhomboid glossitis 1.75%, and hairy tongue 0.8%]. The prevalence of tongue anomalies in this study is near to the results of some past studies but is different with some others. This study showed that tongue anomalies are more prevalent in males than in females but the difference between them was not statistically significant. This study also showed that the rate of tongue anomalies was not related with age

Avaliaçäo de métodos mecânicos no controle da halitose relacionada à língua saburrosa / Evaluation of mechanic methods for halitosis control associated with hairy tongue

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a atuaçäo de métodos mecânicos de higienizaçäo no controle da halitose de causa local, relacionada a língua saburrosa. A halitose ou mau hálito é acima de tudo um problema se saúde, já que as pessoas possuidoras dessa condiçäo acabam, muitas vezes sendo privadas do convívio social, dificultando inclusive as relaçöes profissionais e conjugais. A etiologia da halitose está relacionada a diversos fatores, destacando-se principalmente a língua saburrosa, como principal fonte de mau hálito. Os autores apresentam e discutem alguns métodos mecânicos no combate à halitose, realizado em 150 pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos, oriundos da Clínica Odontológica da Universidade de Santo Amaro - UNISA/SP. Para confirmar o diagnóstico de halitose, os autores utilizaram o método Breath Alert, que detecta a presença de compostos sulfurados existentes na boca

A Case of Black Hairy Tongue Associated with Minocycline / 대한피부과학회지

Black hairy tongue is the name given to the appearance of an abnormal coating of the tongue and occurs in adults. It is the result of hyperkeratosis of the filiform lingual papillae which, on gross examination appear hair-like with a variable tinctorial aspect from yellow-brown to black. The pathogenesis is unknown. A number of etiologic factors have been implicated including the administration of topical or systemic antibiotics, poor hygiene, smoking, alcohol and the use of mouthwashes. We report a case of black hairy tongue that may be associated with oral administration of minocycline.

A Case of Black Hairy Tongue / 대한피부과학회지

Black hairy tongue is a benign disorder characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. A brownish-black discoloration of papillae occurs. the etiology is unclear, but the disorder has been associated with numerous predisposing conditions such as poor oral hygiene, medication, and smoking. Herein we report a case of black hairy tongue and it was successfully treated with simple brushing.

Reações adversas a drogas / Adverse reactions to drugs

Os autores apresentam quadros clínicos de lesões estomatológicas que podem ser provocadas pelo uso de medicamentos, fazendo referências aos prováveis agentes etiológicos, às características das lesões e à conduta do profissional frente às mesmas