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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(2): 141-145, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959183

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in naturally infected broiler chickens (n = 189) from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The chickens were reared in a semi-intensive system by small family farmers (n = 7). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the presence of anti- Toxocara spp. IgY after serum adsorption with Ascaridia galli antigens. An overall seroprevalence of 67.7% (128/189; 95% CI = 61.1-74.4) was observed. The frequency of positive animals by farm ranged from 29.6% to 100%. The optical density and reactivity index values observed in ELISA test indicated the possible chronicity of infection of the evaluated chickens. Associations between the presence of antibodies and the area where the chickens were reared (p = 0.382) or the population density of dogs on the farm (p = 0.785) were not observed. This study shows a high prevalence of Toxocara spp. antibodies in broiler chickens reared in semi-intensive systems and provides evidence that chickens are a good indicator of environmental contamination by larva migrans agents. Further studies are necessary to assess the risk factors associated with poultry infection and the likelihood of toxocariasis transmission to humans via the ingestion of free-range chicken meat.


Resumo A finalidade do presente estudo foi avaliar a presença de anticorpos anti- Toxocara, em frangos de corte naturalmente infectados (n = 189), no Norte do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Os frangos foram criados em sistema semi-intensivo, em pequenas propriedades rurais (n = 7). Os testes sorológicos foram realizados pela técnica de ELISA, para detecção de anticorpos IgY (IgG), com pré-adsorção do soro com antígenos de Ascaridia galli. Foi observada uma prevalência de 67,7% (128/189; IC 95% = 61,1-74,4). A frequência de animais soropositivos por propriedade variou de 29,6% a 100%. Os valores da Densidade Ótica e do Índice de Reatividade observados no teste de ELISA indicaram uma possível cronicidade de infecção dos frangos avaliados. Não foi observada correlação entre a positividade dos animais, quando comparada a área (p = 0,382) e a densidade populacional de cães por propriedade (p = 0,785). O presente estudo verificou uma alta prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em frangos de corte criados em sistema semi-intensivo e oferece dados que apontam esses animais como bons indicadores de contaminação ambiental por agentes de larva migrans . Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar os fatores de risco associados e a possibilidade da transmissão de toxocaríase ao ser humano pela ingestão de carne de frango.


Subject(s)
Animals , Toxocara/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Toxocariasis/blood , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Chickens/blood , Brazil , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chickens/parasitology
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 55(3): 189-192, May-Jun/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674688

ABSTRACT

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the Consórcio Público Intermunicipal de Saúde do Setentrião Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of Paraná State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area.


O teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) constitui a ferramenta mais utilizada no diagnóstico individual da toxocaríase humana e/ou em inquéritos soroepidemiológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Tendo em vista a elevada freqüência da toxocaríase (32,2% e 56,0%) observada em crianças atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de municípios do noroeste do Paraná, durante pesquisas realizadas ao longo dos últimos oito anos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar estas frequências em crianças encaminhadas a uma unidade de Pneumologia do serviço de saúde pública da cidade de Maringá, noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil e descrever os achados laboratoriais, clínicos e epidemiológicos das crianças soropositivas. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro de Especialidades Regional - CISAMUSEP - entre julho de 2009 a julho de 2010, em crianças com idade entre um e 15 anos. De 167 crianças investigadas, sete (4,2%) apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Entre elas, duas (1,2%) crianças soropositivas apresentaram eosinofilia (baixos níveis), seis mostraram níveis elevados de IgE e cinco, teste alérgico positivo, principalmente para ácaros. Concluindo, no noroeste do estado do Paraná foram observados raros casos de crianças com toxocaríase envolvendo o trato respiratório e que foram atendidas por serviços públicos de Pneumologia ainda que na região estudada tenha sido observada elevada prevalência de toxocaríase em crianças assistidas pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (BHU).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Prevalence , Public Sector , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(4): 461-466, July-Aug. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596594

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara antibodies in serum from 7-year-old children attending elementary school in Vitória-ES, Brazil and to correlate these antibodies with socio-demographic factors, the presence of intestinal helminths, blood eosinophil numbers, past history of allergy or asthma, and clinical manifestations of helminth infections. METHODS: The detection of anti-Toxocara antibodies was performed using an ELISA (Cellabs Pty Ltd)on serum from 391 children who had already been examined by fecal examination and blood cell counts. Data from clinical and physical examinations were obtained for all children. RESULTS: The prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies was 51.6%, with no gender differences. No significant differences were observed between positive serology and the presence or absence of intestinal worms (60.3 and 51.7%, respectively; p = 0.286). The only variables significantly related to positive serology were onycophagy and the use of unfiltered water. Although eosinophilia (blood eosinophil count higher than 600/mm³) was significantly related to the presence of a positive ELISA result, this significance disappeared when we considered only children without worms or without a past history of allergy or asthma. No clinical symptoms related to Toxocara infection were observed. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in children attending elementary schools in Vitória, which may be partially related to cross-reactivity with intestinal helminths or to a high frequency of infection with a small number of Toxocara eggs.


INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em crianças admitidas no primeiro ano de escola fundamental em Vitória e correlacionar com variáveis sociodemográficas, helmintos intestinais, eosinófilos no sangue, geofagia, onicofagia, história de asma e alergia cutânea e manifestações clínicas. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxocara, utilizando um teste de ELISA (Cellabs), foi realizada em 391 crianças nas quais foram realizados exames parasitológicos de fezes e hemograma completo. Todas as crianças foram submetidas a exame clínico e físico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de reação positiva foi de 51,6%, sem diferença entre os sexos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na prevalência de reação positiva em crianças com ou sem helmintos intestinais (60,3 e 51,7%, respectivamente; p = 0.286). Ainda que a frequência de eosinófilos acima de 600/mm³ tenha sido significativamente maior em crianças com sorologia positiva, a significância desapareceu quando se considerou as crianças sem helmintos intestinais ou história pregressa de asma ou alergia cutânea. As únicas variáveis significativamente correlacionadas, de modo independente, com a presença de sorologia positiva foram onicofagia e hábito de beber água não filtrada. Nenhuma criança apresentou manifestação clínica relacionada com a presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em crianças admitidas nas escolas elementares em Vitória é alta, a qual pode estar, em parte, relacionada à reação cruzada com antígenos de helmintos intestinais ou devida a frequente exposição a baixas quantidades de ovos do Toxocara.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 53(2): 66-72, Mar.-Apr. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-584135

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Toxocara spp. antibodies in children from two different socioeconomic classes in the Presidente Prudente municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, and the protective and risk factors associated with toxocariasis. One hundred and twenty-six middle-class (MC) and 126 disadvantaged children (DC) were included in this study. Anti-Toxocara ELISA test was performed in order to evaluate seroprevalence. A survey was applied to the children's guardians/parents in order to analyze the protective and risk factors. The overall prevalence was 11.1 percent, and of 9.5 percent (12/126) and 12.7 percent (16/126) for MC and DC subgroups, respectively. Toxocara seropositivity was inversely proportional to the family income. A high household income was considered a protective factor for toxocariasis in the total population and in both MC and DC subgroups. Being a girl was considered a protective factor for the total population and for both subgroups. Whilst being an owner of cat was a risk factor for children belonging to the total and for both MC and DC subgroups, having dog was considered as a risk factor for only the MC. Epidemiologic protective/factor risks can be distinct depending on the strata of the same population. Thus, it is relevant to evaluate these factors independently for different socioeconomic classes in order to design future investigations and programs for preventing the infection of human beings by Toxocara spp. and other geohelminths.


A finalidade do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp. em crianças de duas diferentes classes sociais do município de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil, e os fatores protetores e de risco associados à toxocaríase. Foram incluídas no estudo 126 crianças de classe média (CM) e 126 de baixa renda (BR). O teste ELISA foi realizado para avaliar a seroprevalência. Um questionário foi aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis pelas crianças para análise dos fatores protetores e de risco. A prevalência na população foi de 11,1 por cento, sendo de 9,5 por cento (12/126) e 12,7 por cento (16/127) para os subgrupos CM e BR. A seropositividade foi inversamente proporcional à renda familiar. Observou-se que uma alta renda familiar foi considerado um fator de proteção tanto para a população total como para ambos os subgrupos CM e BR. Da mesma forma, ser criança do sexo feminino foi outro fator de proteção para a população total e para os dois subgrupos. Possuir gato foi um fator de risco para a população total e para os dois subgrupos estudados, enquanto que possuir cão foi considerado como fator de risco apenas para as crianças de classe média. Os fatores protetores e de risco podem ser diferentes em uma mesma população a depender do estrato social. Dessa forma, é relevante avaliar esses fatores independentemente para diferentes classes sócio-econômicas para elaboração de futuros estudos e programas de prevenção à infecção humana por Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Cats , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
5.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(1): 119-123, Jan.-Mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586531

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a sausage-casing membrane for dialysis of Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES). The protein concentrated by the tested membrane was compared with that obtained using a Sigma commercial membrane, as were the protein fractions found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Standard positive and negative serum samples were evaluated in an ELISA immunoassay, and equivalent data were obtained in all steps, indicating that the sausage-casing membrane is efficient, besides being less expensive to process.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a eficácia de uma membrana utilizada para o preparo de embutidos, na obtenção do antígeno de excreção e secreção de Toxocara (TES). A concentração protéica foi comparada com a obtida com a membrana Sigma tanto quanto as frações protéicas separadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Amostras de soros padrão positivo e negativo foram avaliadas no teste imunoenzimático ELISA. Dados equivalentes foram observados em todas as etapas, sugerindo que a membrana possa ser utilizada para diálise por ser eficiente e de menor custo no preparo do antígeno.


Subject(s)
Parasitology/analysis , Parasitology/methods , /methods , Toxocara/enzymology , Toxocara/immunology , Membrane Filters/analysis , Microdialysis/methods , Microdialysis
6.
Scientific Medical Journal. 2011; 10 (3): 239-248
in English, Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-137458

ABSTRACT

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the acaridae of dogs and rarely cats. Seroprevalance of toxocariasis vary with geographic regions. In this study, the sera of school children aged between 6 to 15 years were examined for the presence of anti T.canis antibodies. In this descriptive cross-sectional study the sera of 203 randomly selected school children aged between 6 to 15 years from urban and rural regions in Ahvaz, south western of Iran from 2007 to2008 was examined by means of ELISA with excretory-secretary antigen of infectious larva stage. CBC was performed for the presence of eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia. A short questionnaire was fulfilled to obtain data of age, sex, history of pica, contact with dogs and living area [urban or rural]. Of total 203 students 90 [44.3%]were female and 113 [55.7%] were male. 86 [42.9%] were rural and 114 [57.1%] were urban, 67 [33%] had contact with dogs,35 [17%] had history of recent cough,5 [2.5%] had pica, on had hypereosinophilia but 21 [10.3%] had eosinophlia, 4 [2%] had positive ELISA for T.canis IgG, of them one was male and three were female, two were urban and two were rural, non had history of contact with dogs, pica, chronic cough or asthma, and also non had hypereosinophilia but all had eosinophilia. Our study showed that toxocariasis is present in the school children of Ahvaz, but it is lower than was expected and also lower than similar tropical regions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Toxocara/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Schools , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Rural Population , Urban Population , Child
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(2): 69-74, Mar.-Apr. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545745

ABSTRACT

Toxocariasis is a worldwide public-health problem that poses major risks to children who may accidentally ingest embryonated eggs of Toxocara. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in children and adolescents and the variables that may be involved, as well as environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs, in urban recreation areas of north central mesoregion, Paraná State, Brazil. From June 2005 to March 2007. a total of 376 blood samples were collected by the Public Health Service from children and adolescents one to 12 years old, of both genders. Samples were analyzed by the indirect ELISA method for detection of anti-Toxocara antibodies. Serum samples were previously absorbed with Ascaris suum antigens, and considered positive with a reagent reactivity index >1. Soil samples from all of the public squares and schools located in the four evaluated municipalities that had sand surfaces (n = 19) or lawns (n = 15) were analyzed. Of the 376 serum samples, 194 (51.6 percent) were positive. The seroprevalence rate was substantially higher among children aging one to five years (p = 0.001) and six to eight years (p = 0.022). The clinical signs and symptoms investigated did not show a statistical difference between seropositive and seronegative individuals (p > 0.05). In 76.5 percent of the investigated recreation places, eggs of Toxocara were detected in at least one of the five collected samples. Recreation areas from public schools were 2.8 times more contaminated than from public squares. It is important to institute educational programs to inform families and educators, as well as to improve sanitary control of animals and cleaning of the areas intended for recreation in order to prevent toxocariasis.


A toxocaríase é um problema de saúde pública mundial, com maior risco para crianças que podem, acidentalmente, ingerir ovos embrionados de Toxocara spp.. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara spp. em crianças e adolecentes e as variáveis que podem estar envolvidas, bem como a contaminação ambiental por ovos de Toxocara spp., em locais de recreação, em áreas urbanas da mesorregião norte central, Paraná, Brasil. De junho de 2005 a março de 2007 foram coletadas 376 amostras de sangue de crianças e adolescentes de um a doze anos, de ambos os sexos, atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. As amostras foram analisadas pelo método de ELISA indireto para detecção de IgG anti-Toxocara e previamente absorvidas com antígeno de Ascaris suum. Foram consideradas reagentes as amostras com índice de reatividade > 1. A análise das amostras de areias (n = 19) e gramados (n = 15) de cada município foi realizada em todas as praças e escolas públicas. Das 376 amostras de soro, 194 (51,6 por cento) foram positivas. A taxa de soroprevalência foi substancialmente mais elevada entre as crianças na faixa etária de até um a cinco (p = 0.001) e de seis a oito anos de idade (p = 0,022). Os sinais e sintomas clínicos investigados não mostraram diferenças estatísticas entre soropositivos e soronegativos (p > 0,05). Em 76,5 por cento dos locais de recreação investigados, ovos de Toxocara foram detectados em pelo menos uma das cinco amostras. Os locais de recreação das escolas públicas estavam 2,8 vezes mais contaminados do que as praças. É importante a realização de programas educativos junto às famílias e educadores, o controle sanitário de animais e a higienização dos locais destinados à recreação para prevenção da toxocaríase.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Public Facilities , Soil/parasitology , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/diagnosis , Antibodies, Helminth/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Parasite Egg Count , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Urban Population
8.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(1): 31-36, Jan.-Feb. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-540314

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in three Andean communities from the Northeast of Lima, Peru. A total of 303 subjects including children and adults were studied and blood samples were collected to detect anti-Toxocara antibodies by ELISA-IgG test and by hematological examination; stool samples were collected also for parasitological examination. The overall seroprevalence of toxocariasis observed in the total population was 20.46 percent, with a significant high proportion in children from one to 10 years old (p = 0.034). Among the subjects with positive serology, 32.26 percent of them had respiratory disturbances, 22.58 percent hepatomegaly, 17.74 percent ocular signs or symptoms, 14.51 percent abdominal pain, 9.68 percent neurological involvement, and 4.84 percent cutaneous signs, but none of these clinical features were associated to a positive serology by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, 79.03 percent of seropositive subjects also harbored at least one intestinal parasite, which was associated to a positive serology (p < 0.05). The presence of pets within the houses, a previous history of pica or geophagia and the use of public places were also present in this population, but only the latter was associated to the serology (p < 0.05). In conclusion, clinical, serological, and epidemiological evidences for larval Toxocara infection were found in the studied population.


O propósito do presente trabalho foi estimar a soroprevalência da toxocaríase humana em três comunidades andinas do Nordeste de Lima, Peru. Foi estudado um total de 303 pessoas, entre crianças e adultos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxocara e para a análise hematológica, além de amostras fecais para o exame parasitológico. A soroprevalência geral da população foi de 20,46 por cento com proporção significativamente maior de positividade em crianças de um a 10 anos (p = 0,034). Das pessoas com sorologia positiva, 32,26 por cento apresentavam sintomas respiratórios, 22,58 por cento moléstias hepáticas, 17,74 por cento manifestações oculares, 14,51 por cento dor abdominal, e 4,84 por cento sinais cutâneos. Além disso, 79,03 por cento das pessoas com sorologia positiva tinham pelo menos algum parasito intestinal com associação significativa (p < 0.05). A presença de cachorros dentro das casas, história de pica ou geofagia e o uso dos lugares públicos também estiveram presentes nesta população, mas o ultimo deles só esteve associado com a sorologia positiva (p < 0.05). Conclui-se que existem evidências clínicas, sorológicas e epidemiológicas de infecção por larvas de Toxocara na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Child , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/parasitology , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(1): 37-42, Jan.-Feb. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-540315

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Toxocara in the general population of the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. From March to August 2008, a total of 300 subjects were sampled and tested by means of a Toxocara ELISA-IgG test. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to assess the symptomatology and risk factors associated with human toxocariasis. The overall rate of seropositivity was 35.66 percent, with a significant high proportion in children (p < 0.001). The clinical evaluation revealed that 95.33 percent of the seropositive group had some type of symptomatology: headache (66.36 percent), respiratory compromise (63.55 percent), abdominal pain (54.21 percent), cutaneous signs (40.19 percent) and ocular manifestations (36.45 percent), and almost all of them were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 56.07 percent of the seropositive subjects presented at least one intestinal pathogen parasite with predominance of helminthes, but without significant association (p = 0.334). The analysis of risk factors showed only that the use of public places and geophagia exhibited a significant association with the seropositivity (p < 0.001). Clinical, serological and epidemiological findings associated to infection with Toxocara were observed in the present study and future studies should be done to assess this serious health problem.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a soroprevalência da infecção por Toxocara em população geral da cidade de Yurimaguas, Peru. Entre os meses de Março e Agosto de 2008, foi estudado um total de 300 pessoas por exame imunológico mediante Toxocara ELISA-IgG teste. Uma ficha clínico-epidemiológica foi utilizada para avaliar a sintomatologia e os fatores de risco associados à toxocaríase. A freqüência geral de anticorpos na população foi de 35,66 por cento com proporção significativamente maior de positividade em meninos de um a 10 anos (p < 0.001). A avaliação clínica revelou que 95.33 por cento do grupo de soropositivos apresentava algum tipo de sintomatologia associada à toxocaríase: 66,36 por cento cefaléia, 63,55 por cento sintomas respiratórios, 54,21 por cento dor abdominal, 40,19 por cento sinais cutâneos e 36,45 por cento manifestações oculares e quase todos estes sinais foram estatisticamente associados ao resultado da sorologia (p < 0.001). Além disso, 56,07 por cento das pessoas com sorologia positiva tinham pelo menos algum parasito intestinal patogênico e com predominância de helmintos, mas sem nenhuma associação significativa (p = 0.334). A análise dos fatores de risco mostrou que o uso de lugares públicos e história de geofagia tiveram significativa associação com a sorologia positiva (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que existem evidências clínicas, sorológicas e epidemiológicas de infecção por Toxocara na população estudada e futuros estudos são necessários para avaliar este sério problema de saúde pública.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sex Distribution , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(3): 411-418, May 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517004

ABSTRACT

To improve the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis, a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB-IgG) test was developed and evaluated using Toxocara canislarvae excretory-secretory antigens for detecting anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. The EITB-IgG profile of toxocariasis was characterized by comparing 27 sera from patients with toxocariasis, 110 sera from healthy subjects and 186 sera from patients with other helminth diseases (ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, trichuriasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis, hymenolepiasis, diphyllobothriasis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis and fascioliasis). Antigenic bands of 24, 28, 30, 35, 56, 117, 136 and 152 kDa were predominantly recognized in sera from all patients with toxocariasis. However, only bands of 24-35 kDa were highly specific for Toxocara infection (98.3 percent), whereas other antigenic bands observed displayed cross-reactivity. Additionally, when the results of the EITB-IgG test were compared to those of the ELISA-IgG test, a 100 percent concordance was observed for positive results in human toxocariasis cases. The concordance for negative results between the two tests for healthy subjects and patients with other helminth diseases were 96.3 percent and 53.7 percent, respectively, showing that the EITB-IgG test has a higher specificity than ELISA. In conclusion, the EITB-IgG test is a very useful tool to confirm the serological diagnosis of human toxocariasis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Humans , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Immunoblotting/methods , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(2): 67-71, Mar.-Apr. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-511826

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of human toxocariasis in Cauday district, Cajamarca, Peru, using a dot-ELISA test. From June to October 2005, a total of 256 adult subjects were studied. Blood samples were collected for serology by a dot-ELISA test and for hematological examination. Parasitological examination was also carried out in stool samples to check cross-reactions in the dot-ELISA. The frequency observed was 44.92%, with a significant higher proportion of positivity in male subjects. From subjects with positive serology, 45.6% had respiratory symptoms, 40.44% abdominal pain, 32.35% hepatic symptoms, 14.7% cutaneous signs, 13.23% ocular manifestations, 43.38% eosinophilia, and all of these were statistically associated to serology. Among the population evaluated, 90.23% (231/256) were parasitized. From subjects with positive serology, 92.17% had at least one intestinal parasite and the most frequent were: Blastocystis hominis (68.38%), Giardia lamblia (28.68%), Hymenolepis nana (20.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (15.65%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13.24%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.41%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.47%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.87%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.87%), Taenia sp. (0.87%), and Trichuris trichiura (0.87%). The rate of false positives in the dot-ELISA test was improved by serum absorption each with A. suum antigens, with a decrease of cross-reactions. In conclusion, human toxocariasis is highly frequent in this population and some risk factors like dog/cat ownership, presence of pets within house, and previous history of geophagia were observed in the present study.


O propósito do presente estudo foi estimar a freqüência da toxocaríase no distrito de Cauday, Cajamarca, Peru, usando o dot-ELISA teste. Entre junho e outubro de 2005, um total de 256 pessoas foram avaliadas. Coletaram-se amostras de sangue para o teste de dot-ELISA e para o exame hematológico e amostras de fezes para exame parasitológico. A freqüência geral de anticorpos anti-Toxocara observada foi de 44,92%, com maior proporção significativa de positividade em pessoas do sexo masculino. Das pessoas com sorologia positiva, 45,6% apresentavam sintomas respiratórios, 40,44% dores abdominais, 32,35% moléstias hepáticas, 14,7% sinais cutâneos, 13,23% manifestações oculares, 43,38% eosinofilia e todos estes fatores foram estatisticamente associados à sorologia. Entre as pessoas avaliadas 90,23% estavam parasitadas e 92,17% das pessoas com sorologia positiva tinham algum parasito intestinal, sendo os mais freqüentes: Blastocystis hominis (68,38%), Giardia lamblia (28,68%), Hymenolepis nana (20,0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (15,65%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13,24%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4,41%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1,47%), Enterobius vermicularis (0,87%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0,87%), Taenia sp. (0,87%) e Trichuris trichiura (0,87%). A taxa de falsos positivos no teste dot-ELISA foi melhorada pela absorção dos soros com antígenos de A. suum, com diminuição das reações cruzadas. Em conclusão, a toxocaríase humana é altamente freqüente nesta população e fatores de risco como ter um cão/gato, presença dos animais dentro de casa e estória prévia de geofagia foram observados durante o presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/diagnosis , Young Adult
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1024-1030, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-203394

ABSTRACT

Atopic myelitis is defined as myelitis with atopic diasthesis but the cause is still unknown. Toxocariasis is one of the common causes of hyperIgEaemia that may lead to neurologic manifestations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence of Toxocara specific IgG Ab among the atopic myelitis patients. We evaluated the medical records of 37 patients with atopic myelitis whose conditions were diagnosed between March 2001 and August 2007. Among them, the 33 sera were analyzed for specific serum IgG Ab to Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES). All of 37 patients had hyperIgEaemia. Specific IgE to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was detected in 22 (64.7%) and 34 (100%) patients, respectively, of the 34 patients. Thirty-one of 33 patients (93.9%) were found to be positive by TES IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Based on the image findings of eosinophilic infiltrations in the lung and liver, 8 patients had positive results. These results inferred that the prevalence of toxocariasis was high in patients with atopic myelitis. Our results suggest that toxocariasis might be an important cause of atopic myelitis and Toxocara ELISA is essential for evaluating the causes of atopic myelitis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Myelitis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/complications , Treatment Outcome
13.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 40-45, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-112927

ABSTRACT

Toxocariasis is one of the causes of pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrate that is increasing in Korea. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of toxocara seropositivity in patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate and to evaluate associated factors. We evaluated 102 patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate on chest computed tomography (CT) scan. As a control set, 116 subjects with normal chest CT were also evaluated. History of allergic disease, drug use, parasitic disease and raw cow liver intake were taken. Blood eosinophil count and total IgE level were measured. Specific serum IgG antibody to Toxocara canis larval antigen and specific IgG antibodies to 4 other parasites were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the infiltrate group, 66.7% subjects were toxocara seropositive whereas 22.4% of the control group were seropositive (p< 0.001). In the infiltrate group, patients with a history of eating raw cow liver (odds ratio [OR], 7.8) and patients with eosinophilia (OR, 5.2) had a higher incidence of toxocara seropositivity. Thirty-five percent of toxocara seropositive patients with infiltrate exhibited migrating infiltrate and 48% had decreased infiltrate on the follow- up CT. We recommend that toxocara ELISA should be performed in patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate, and that the eating of raw cow liver should be actively discouraged.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Korea , Leukocyte Count , Liver/parasitology , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/complications
15.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(5): 273-278, Sept.-Oct. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495762

ABSTRACT

During a health survey in a primary school from the district of Carabayllo (North of Lima, Peru), 200 schoolchildren (96 male and 104 female between five to 12 years old) were randomly selected and divided in two groups (as positive or negative group), according to the serologic result of the Toxocara ELISA test from a total population of 646 schoolchildren. All children were analyzed by hematologic tests to determinate the frequency of eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Additionally, all clinical and epidemiological data were also analyzed to determine their association with toxocariasis. From group of children with positive serology, 40 percent had some type of eosinophilia in contrast to 19 percent of children with negative serology, and their association was statistically significant (OR = 2.84, p < 0.001). From all signs and symptoms evaluated, only 'dry cough' was more frequent and statistically significant in the positive serology group (OR = 2.79, p < 0.001). Almost all risk factors evaluated were highly frequent and statistically associated to the positive serology. In conclusion, the presence of eosinophilia and the risk factors evaluated in this population were frequently associated to human toxocariasis.


Durante estudo epidemiológico em escola primária do Distrito de Carabayllo (norte de Lima, Peru), 200 crianças (96 do sexo masculino e 104 do feminino, entre cinco e 12 anos de idade) foram selecionadas ao acaso e divididas em dois grupos (grupo positivo e grupo negativo) de acordo com os resultados de teste de ELISA para Toxocara em população total de 646 escolares. Todas as crianças foram analisadas por testes hematológicos para determinar a freqüência de eosinofilia e leucocitose. Adicionalmente, os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram analisados para determinar associação com toxocaríase. No grupo de crianças com sorologia positiva 40 por cento tinham eosinofilia em contraste com 19 por cento de crianças com sorologia negativa e esta associação foi estatisticamente.significante (OR = 2,84, p < 0,001). De todos os sinais e sintomas avaliados, somente tosse seca foi mais freqüente e estatisticamente significante no grupo de sorologia positiva (OR = 2,79, p < 0,001). Quase todos os fatores de risco avaliados foram de alta freqüência e estatisticamente associados à sorologia positiva. Em conclusão, a presença de eosinofilia e dos fatores de risco avaliados nesta população foram frequentemente associados à toxocaríase humana.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Eosinophilia/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Eosinophilia/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Health Surveys , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
16.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(2): 101-105, Mar.-Apr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482223

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of human toxocariosis in a child population from Morrope district, Lambayeque, Peru. From October to December 2005, 182 school children (96 male and 86 female) were studied. Blood samples were collected for Toxocara ELISA-IgG test and hematological examination. Additionally, stool samples were collected for coproparasitological examination to check cross reactions. We found frequency of positives in 32.4 percent (59/182) with a significant higher proportion of positivity in male children (p < 0.00001). 71.2 percent of the children with positive serology (52 male and seven female), were between five and 10 years old, 77.96 percent had respiratory symptoms, 61.02 percent had ocular manifestations, 38.98 percent had hepatic symptoms, 38.98 percent had mild or moderate eosinophilia, signs statistically associated with seropositivity. 83.5 percent of studied population had some intestinal parasite, such as: Blastocystis hominis (53.3 percent), Giardia lamblia (31.3 percent), Entamoeba coli (29.1 percent), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (1.1 percent), Hymenolepis nana (5.49 percent), and Ascaris lumbricoides (3.3 percent), but they had not any association with serology results. The ownership of dogs or/and cats were significantly associated with seropositivity to anti-Toxocara antibodies although the presence of such pets within the house was not. In conclusion, clinical and serological evidence of Toxocara infection exists in the studied population.


O propósito do presente trabalho foi estimar a freqüência da toxocaríase humana em crianças do distrito de Morrope, Lamabayeque, Perú. Nos meses de outubro a dezembro de 2005, 182 escolares (96 meninos e 86 meninas) foram estudados. Coletaram-se amostras de sangue para a análise hematológica e imunológica pelo teste de ELISA-IgG-Toxocara e amostras fecais para o exame parasitológico. A freqüência geral da população foi de 32,4 por cento (59/182) com proporção significativamente maior de positividade nos meninos. Das crianças com resultado positivo ao teste sorológico (52 meninos e sete meninas), 71,2 por cento tinham entre cinco e 10 anos, 77,96 por cento apresentavam sintomas respiratórios, 61,02 por cento apresentavam manifestações oculares, 38,98 por cento apresentavam moléstias hepáticas, 38,98 por cento apresentavam suave ou moderada eosinofília e todos estes sinais foram estatisticamente associados ao resultado da sorologia. A presença de algum parasito intestinal foi observada em 83,5 por cento da população estudada: Blastocystis hominis (53,3 por cento), Giardia lamblia (31,3 por cento), Entamoeba coli (29,1 por cento), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (1,1 por cento), Hymenolepis nana (5,49 por cento), e Ascaris lumbricoides (3,3 por cento), mas estes não tiveram nenhuma associação com a sorologia. A posse de cães e gatos revelou associação estatisticamente significante com a positividade para toxocaríase embora a presença destes animais no domicílio não tenha revelado tal associação. Conclui-se que existem evidências clínicas e sorológicas de infecção por Toxocara na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/parasitology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
17.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Oct; 25(4): 411-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54046

ABSTRACT

Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the second stage larva of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati . The typical clinical syndromes of toxocariasis in humans are visceral and ocular toxocariasis. Ocular toxocariasis may presents as peripheral inflammatory mass, posterior pole granuloma and endophthalmitis. We report a serologically confirmed case of ocular toxocariasis in 12-year-old female. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of anti- Toxocara antibodies in aqueous and vitreous sample by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We suggest that ophthalmologist in this region should include ocular toxocariasis in differential diagnosis particularly in children and young adults.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/analysis , Child , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Female , Humans , India , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/parasitology
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(2): 147-151, mar.-abr. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452613

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the possible effect of nematode infection on anti-HBs antibody levels in the serum of seven-year-old schoolchildren vaccinated at birth with the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-HBs and anti HBc antibodies were evaluated in the sera of 100 schoolchildren with at least one intestinal nematode and/or a positive serological reaction for anti-Toxocara antibodies and in 95 schoolchildren without intestinal helminthiasis or serum anti-Toxocara antibodies. Both groups were from public elementary schools located on the urban periphery of Vitória, ES, Brazil. Among these 195 children, the median anti-HBs antibody titer was 31.3IU/ml and the frequency of titers less than 10IU/ml was 33.8 percent (95 percent CI: 27.1-40.4 percent). There were no significant differences between the medians of anti-HBs titers or the frequency of titers less than 10IU/ml between the groups with or without helminthes (29.5 and 32.9IU/ml and 33 and 34.7 percent, respectively; p>0.05). Even when the children with intestinal nematodes and/or anti-Toxocara antibodies and with blood eosinophil counts over 600/mm³ were compared with children without infection from intestinal nematodes and without anti-Toxocara antibodies, with blood eosinophil counts less than 400 eosinophils/mm³, these differences were not significant. None of the children presented anti-HBc antibodies. In conclusion, infections with intestinal nematodes and/or the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies did not interfere with the anti-HBs antibody titers in seven-year-old children vaccinated at birth with the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.


O objetivo dessa investigação foi avaliar um possível efeito de infecções por nematóides sobre os níveis de anticorpos anti-HBs no soro de escolares de sete anos de idade, vacinados ao nascer com a vacina recombinante para hepatite B. Anticorpos anti-HBs e anti-HBc foram avaliados no soro de 100 escolares portadores de pelo menos um nematóide intestinal e/ou uma reação sorológica positiva para anticorpos anti-Toxocara e em 95 escolares sem helmintíases intestinais e sem anticorpos séricos anti-Toxocara, todos matriculados em escolas primárias públicas situadas na periferia urbana de Vitória, ES, Brasil. Nas 195 crianças, a mediana dos títulos dos anticorpos anti-HBs foi 31,3UI/ml, e a freqüência de títulos inferiores a 10UI/ml foi de 33,8 por cento (IC a 95 por cento:27,1- 40,4 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa entre as medianas dos títulos de anti-HBs ou da freqüência de títulos inferiores a 10 UI/ml entre as crianças com ou sem helmintos (29,5 e 32,9 UI/ml e 33 e 34,7 por cento, respectivamente; p >0.05). Mesmo quando comparadas crianças com nematóides intestinais e/ou anticorpos anti-Toxocara com eosinófilos circulantes acima de 600/mm³, com crianças sem infecção com nematóides intestinais e sem anticorpos anti-Toxocara, com menos de 400 eosinófilos/mm³, aquelas diferenças não foram significativas. Nenhuma das crianças apresentou anticorpos anti-HBc. Em conclusão, infecções com nematóides intestinais e/ou presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara não interferem nos títulos de anticorpos anti-HBs em crianças de sete anos de idade, vacinadas ao nascer com a vacina recombinante para hepatite B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Nematode Infections/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Ascaris lumbricoides/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B Antibodies/immunology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Toxocara/immunology , Trichuris/immunology
19.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 48(5): 251-255, Sept.-Oct. 2006. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437212

ABSTRACT

To estimate the frequency of anti-Toxocara sp. antibodies, and evaluate factors associated with this infection, sera from 242 male and female children, aged from one to fifteen years old, attended at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were analyzed by ELISA. Information on the patients was collected and registered using an investigative questionnaire, and details on possible clinical alterations were obtained from the medical charts of 187 patients. Of a total of 242 samples, 21 (8.7 percent) were positive for anti-Toxocara sp. antibodies. The presence of dogs and cats and the school variable (place of contact), appeared to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with a positive serology. Respiratory symptoms and eosinophil counts greater than 20 percent also showed a positive statistical correlation with a positive serology for Toxocara sp. Factors such as sex and age, and symptoms like headache, stomach ache, convulsive crises and anemia were not associated with toxocariasis.


Para determinar a frequência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara sp. e os fatores de risco associados à infecção, soros de 242 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre um a 15 anos, atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram analisados pelo ELISA. Questionários foram aplicados, para obter informações sobre os pacientes. As informações sobre as alterações clínicas, de 187 pacientes, foram obtidas no prontuário médico. Do total das 242 amostras, 21 (8,7 por cento) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-Toxocara sp.. A presença de cães e gatos e a variável escola (local de contato) sugerem associação significativa (p < 0.05) com a sorologia positiva. Sintomas respiratórios e elevada contagem de eosinófilos (> 20 por cento) mostram correlação positiva com a soropositividade para Toxocara sp.. A idade, sexo, sintomas como dor de cabeça, dor estomacal, crises convulsivas e anemia não apresentaram associação com toxocaríase.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cats , Dogs , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Ambulatory Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Risk Factors , Toxocariasis/diagnosis
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(3): 403-405, maio-jun. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433807

ABSTRACT

Estudar os achados em tomografia de coerência óptica num caso de granuloma por Toxocara. Paciente com uma lesão macular cicatricial no olho esquerdo foi submetido a retinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica. Nas imagens de tomografia de coerência óptica, o granuloma aparece como uma imagem de uma massa arredondada hiper-reflectiva acima do epitélio pigmentar e abaixo da retina neurossensorial acompanhado de duas lesões satélites menores. A tomografia de coerência óptica pode nos ajudar a melhorar o entendimento da fisiopatologia do granuloma retiniano do Toxocara, seu diagnóstico e conduta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Child, Preschool , Granuloma/parasitology , Retinal Diseases/parasitology , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis , Antibodies, Helminth/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Granuloma , Retinal Diseases , Tomography, Optical Coherence
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